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ABC Book of History. Brianna Carmony 3 rd period 5-17-2011. Abolitionist - a person who strongly favors doing away with slavery. Antifederalists - individuals who opposed ratification of the Constitution. Arsenal - a storage place for weapons and ammunition. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ABC BOOK OF HISTORY
Brianna Carmony3rd period5-17-2011
•Arsenal- a storage place for weapons and ammunition.
•Article- A part of a document, such as the Constitution, that deals with a single subject.
•Antifederalists- individuals who opposed ratification of the Constitution.
•Abolitionist- a person who strongly favors doing away with slavery.
•Blockade Runner- ship that sais into and out of a blockaded area.
•Boomtown- a community experiencing a sudden growth in business of population.
•Boycott- to refuse to buy items from a particular country.
•Burgesses- elected representatives to an assembly.
Cabinet- a group of advisors to the president.
Canal- an artificial waterway
Casualty- a military person killed, wounded, or captured Checks and Balances- the
system in which each branch of government has a check on the other two branches so that no one branch becomes too powerful.
Depreciate- to fall in value
Depression- a period of low economic activity and wide spread unemploymentDictator- a leader who
rues with total authority, often in a cruel or brutal manner.
Drought- a long period of time with little rainfall
Emancipate- to free from slavery
Embargo- an order prohibition trade with another country.
Emigrant- A person who leaves a country or region to live elsewhere.
Export- To sell goods abroad.
Famine- and extreme shortage of food
Federalists- Supporters of the Constitution.
Forty-Niners: People who went to California during the gold rush of 1849
Fugitive- Runaway of trying to run away
Global Warming- a steady increase in world temperature
Greenback- a piece of U.S paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War
Guerrilla- referring to surprise attacks or raids rather than organized warfare
Guerrilla Warfare- A hit-and-run technique issued in fighting a war; fighting by small bands of warriors using tactics such as sudden ambushes.
HHenry, Patrick- made passionate speeches about independence from Britain.
Hamilton, Alexander- First secretary of the Treasury of the United States.
Habeas Corpus- a legal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned
Human Rights- rights regarded as belonging to all persons, such as freedom from unlawful imprisonment, torture, and execution.
Impressment- forcing people into service; as in the navy.
Indian Territory- land reserved by the United States government for Native Americans, now the state of Oklahoma
Industrial Revolution- A period of rapid growth started in Britain in the 1700s
Interchangeable Parts- Uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces.
JJackson, Andrew- His style of government was known as “Jacksonian Democracy”.
Judicial Review- Allows the court to interpret and apply laws that are constitutional.
Jones, John Paul- Founder of the U.S. Navy
Jefferson, Thomas- Main author of the Declaration of Independence.
KKansas- state in the Central United States; fighting over slavery issue in 1850s gave territory the name “Bleeding Kansas”.
Kentucky- State in the South Central United States; Border state that sided with the Union during the Civil War.
Key, Francis Scott- wrote a poem called “The Star- Spangled Banner”.
Knox, Henry- Secretary of war for George Washington.
Laissez- Faire: Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation’s economy.
Legislative Branch- The branch of government that makes the nation’s laws.
Loyalists- American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for Independence.
Lee, Robert E.- Leader of the Confederate Army during the Civil War.
MMajority- More than half.
Mayflower Compact- Male pilgrims signed this document to accept majority rule and to remain loyal to England.
Madison, James- Father of the U.S. Constitution.
Magna Carta- Declared that the King was bound by the citizens of England.
Native Americans- Tribes removed from their lands and sent to Indian Territory.
Northwest Ordinance- Passed in1787, to set up a system for establishing settlements in the West.
Nullification Crisis- To protect U.S. goods Congressed passed high taxes on all imported goods.
Naturalized Citizen- Person born in a foreign country, who is granted full citizenship in another.
Ohio River Valley- Battle between Native Americans and white settlers over the land.
Ohio- State in the North Central Untied States, which was the first state in the Northwest Territory.
Oklahoma- State in the South Central United States; Five Civilized Tribes moved to the territory in 130-1842.
Oregon Trail- Pioneer trail from Independence, Missouri, to the Oregon Territory.
PPatriots- American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American Independence was won.
Paine, Thomas- He wrote an influential pamphlet encouraging colonists to free themselves from Britain and the King.
Plantation System- System of agricultural production based on large scale landownership.
Popular Sovereignty- Belief that political power rests with the people.
Quakers- Religious group, protestant dissent, society of friends believed everyone had inner light, leading them to salvation.
Quartering troops: Amendment 3- No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without owner’s consent, or in time of war, unless prescribed by law.
Quebec, Battle of- Quebec was thought to be impossible to attack. Officer James Wolfe found a poorly guarded path, they surprised and defeated the French army.
Quebec Act- Set up permanent government for Quebec and granted religious freedom for French Catholics.
Ratify- To give official approval to.
Republic- A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives.
Reservation- An area of public lands set aside for Native Americans.
Revenue- Incoming money.
Secede- To leave or withdraw.
Secession- Withdraw from the Union.
Smuggling- Trading illegally with other nations.
Suffrage- The right to vote.
Tariff- A tax on imports or exports.
Texas- State in the South Central United States; Mexican colony that became a republic before joining the United States.
Tecumseh- A powerful Shawnee chief that built a confederacy among Native American nations in the Northwest.
Tenth Amendment- Protects the states and the people from and all powerful federal government.
Unalienable Rights- A right that cannot be surrendered.
Unconstitutional- Not agreeing or consistent with the Constitution.
Underground Railroad- A system that helped enslaved African Americans follow a network of escape routes out of the South to freedom in the North.
Utopia- Community based on a vision of a perfect society sought by reformers.
Veto- to reject a bill and prevent it from becoming a law.
Vigilantes- people who take the law into their own hands.
Valley Forge- Revolutionary War winter camp north of Philadelphia.
Vicksburg- City and Civil War battle site in Western Mississippi on the Mississippi River.
War Hawks- Republicans during Madison’s presidency who pressed for war with Britain.
Writ of Assistance- Legal document that enabled officers to search homes and warehouses for goods that might be smuggled.