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1919thth Century Century TimelineTimeline
By Abby BishopBy Abby Bishop
1850 18571854
Andrew Carnegie
At age 16, Carnegie had worked his way up to
become private secretary to the local superintendent
of the Pennsylvania Railroad. After relaying
messages that unsnarled a tangle of freight and
passenger trains, his boss gave him the opportunity to buy stock. He became one of the first industrial moguls
to make his own fortune.
Fredrick Law Olmsted
Landscape architects that was in charge of forming
urban parks. He helped draw up a
plan for “Greenward”, which in now Central Park
in NYC.
Bessemer Process
Developed by the British manufacturers. It developed injecting air into molten iron to
remove the carbon and other impurities. It
became widely used to produce steel.
http://tinyurl.com/c5pe2ve
http://tinyurl.com/bqpc3xq
1862 1862
Exodusters
A group of people that took advantage of the Homestead Act. They
were African Americans who moved
from the post – reconstruction South to
Kansas.
Homestead Act
Congress passed this act. It offered 160
acres of land free to any citizen or
extended citizen who was head of the
household. From 1862 – 1900, up to
600,000 families took advantage of the
governments offer.
1859
Social Darwinism
This theory came from Charles Darwin's book called “On the Origin of
Species”. It was published in 1859. This book
explained the process of natural selection, it enabled
the best to survive. This book was used by many
other professors.http://tinyurl.com/27oume5http://tinyurl.com/c796ygk
1864
Credit Mobilier
A French banking company. One of the most important financial institutions in the
world during the 19th century. It credited vast debts and
gave out loans. During the Great Depression a lot of the
loans were audited.
1862
Transcontinental Railroad
A 1,776 miles railroad line built across the
western half of the U.S.
1864
Sand Creek Massacre
General S.R Curtis (U.S Army Commander in the West) sent a telegram to militia colonel John
Chivington saying that he doesn’t want peace until the
Indians suffer more. Therefore, Chivington and troops traveled to the Sand Creek Reserve. On November 29th, over 150 people
were killed.http://tinyurl.com/d7uctbyhttp://tinyurl.com/bp2r3kf
1867
George Westinghouse
American entrepreneur and engineer. He developed the
railway air brake. Also he was a pioneer of the electrical
industry. He believed in an alternating current while opposing Edison's direct
current.
1867
Greenbacks
A minor political party that believed in more
money supply, also they believed in both gold and silver. Another definition for greenbacks would be
a slang term given to U.S. currency.
1866
Buffalo Soldiers
Member of the U.S Tenth Calvary
Regiment of the U.S. Formed on
September 21st at Fort Leavenworth,
Kansas.
http://tinyurl.com/c8vwx6e
1868
Tammany Hall
It was the most powerful Democratic political
machine. It was led by a man named Boss Tweed. He led a group of corrupt
politicians in defrauding the town. A total of 10 million
dollars went into their pockets.
1867
Grange
An association of farmers whose purpose was to
provide a social outlet and an educational forum for isolated
farm families
1867
Oliver Hudson Kelley
Started the patrons of
Husbandry. This was an
organization for farmers, it
became known as the grange. It was for isolated farm families. http://tinyurl.com/c6m352l
http://tinyurl.com/clfgepx
1870
Poll Tax
An annual tax that had to be paid before
qualifying to vote. The tax mainly prohibited
blacks and white sharecroppers from
voting.
1870
John D. Rockefeller
American industrialist and philosophist. He was founder of the Standard oil company. It dominated over all of the oil companies of that time. His
money had a major impact on education and scientific
research. As the importance of kerosene and oil grew so
did his wealth. He soon became worth1 billion dollars and was the richest man in
America.
1869
Gilded Age
•Period following the civil war . This term was coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in a book called “The Gilded Age”, a tale of today. The book satirized what they believed to be an era of serious social problems hidden by a thin layer of gold. http://tinyurl.com/7ugoufo
http://tinyurl.com/bmogcpp
1876
Great Plains
•The grassland extending through the west – central portion of the U.S. . The federal government designated this entire area as an enormous reservation for the Native American people
1874
George A, Custer
•He announced the black hills had gold, this started a huge gold rush, which put a lot of uprising pressure on the Native Americans living in the area. He led a battle against the Sioux in 1876 called the Battle of Little Bighorn
1870
Jacob Riis
•Danish American social reformer, journalist, and social documentary photographer. The impoverished people were the biggest subjects of his photography and prolific writing. He also discovered the flash.
http://tinyurl.com/5hfsnqhttp://tinyurl.com/yqeslc
1876
Little Bighorn
•Also called “Custer's Last Stand”, or “Battle of Greasy Grass”. It was between the Cheyenne, Lakota, Arapaho Indians, and Custer's 7th cavalry. The Battle was June 25th and 26th. Custer's men were outflanked and all 700 men and Custer himself were killed.
1876
Sitting Bull
•One of the major leaders of the Native American people called the Sioux. The government tried to force him to sign the treaty of fort Laramie. Though some of the other chiefs did sitting bull held his ground. He never signed the treaty.
1876
Telephone
•Created by Alexander G. Bell and Thomas Watson. It opened up tons of new jobs for women in office settings. Also the way of communicating would be forever changed.
http://tinyurl.com/nxq8f3http://tinyurl.com/bt9ulmd
1876 1877 1877
Nez Perce
Original people of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington State. The tribe refused to
leave the Wallowa Valley and travel to a reserved space. They fled to Canada
1100 miles away. They were trapped 40 miles from Canada, and after a 5 day
fight, the remaining 431 Nez Perce were beaten. They surrendered on October 5th
at Bears Paw.
Chief Joseph
Chief of the Nez Perce (a Native
American tribe of the Wallowa
Valley in Northwest Oregon.
Thomas Alva Edison
He became a pioneer on the new industrial
frontier when he established the worlds
first research laboratory in Menio Park, New Jersey.
http://tinyurl.com/d2cwdgfhttp://tinyurl.com/d4e44l
1880 1881 1883
Joseph Pulitzer
A Hungarian immigrant who had
bought the New York World. His paper emphasized “sin,
sex, and sensation.
Booker T. Washington
Prominent African American educator. He believed that
racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and
could prove their economic value to society. He headed the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial
Institute.
Thomas Alva Edison
Edison patented a system for
electricity distribution on January 27th.
http://tinyurl.com/d4e44lhttp://tinyurl.com/d6fn8nhttp://tinyurl.com/ceajmn3
1884 1885 1866
Samuel Gompers
President of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which focused on negotiation between
representatives of labor & management, to reach written
agreements on wages, hours and working conditions. He led the Cigar
Makers International Union to join with other craft unions.
Mark Twain
(Samuel Longhorn Clemens). Novelist and humorist that inspired a
host of other young authors. Wrote The
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which
was published in the U.S in February of 1885.
Mugwumps
Republican political activists who bolted
from the U.S Republican party by
supporting Democratic
candidate Grover Cleveland in the
presidential election.
http://tinyurl.com/bvqs4gjhttp://tinyurl.com/crrjzp7
1886 1887 1887
Interstate Commerce Commission
A regulatory agency created by the Interstate Commerce Act of
1887. Its purpose was to regulate railroads to ensure fair
rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and regulate other aspects of common
carriers.
Dawes Act
Law passed by Congress that was
aimed to “Americanize” the Native Americans. The act broke up the reservations land to
individual Native Americans.
Haymarket Affair
An aftermath of bombing that took place at a labor
demonstration on May 4th at Haymarket Square in
Chicago. It began as a rally in support of workers striking for 8 hour days. An unknown
person threw a dynamite bomb at police. 7 officers and 4 civilians were killed.
http://tinyurl.com/cvpf3nqhttp://tinyurl.com/4gkyyr
1888 1890 1890
Sherman Antitrust Act
This act made it illegal to form a trust that
interfered with free trade between states or with
other countries. Eventually, the
government stopped trying to enforce the act.
Wounded Knee
On December 28th, the 7th Calvary rounded up 350 Sioux
and took them to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in
South Dakota. The next day, the soldiers demanded that
the Native Americans give up all of their weapons. A shot
was fired, and within minutes, 300 Native Americans were
killed.
George Eastman
Developed a series of more convenient
alternatives to the heavy glass plates previously
used to develop pictures. He introduced his Kodak camera, which was the
first roll-film camera
http://tinyurl.com/bbd96t4http://tinyurl.com/cd84aae
1892 1892 1894
Eugene v. Debs
Attempted to form an industrial Union including
skilled and unskilled laborers on the American Railway Union. The union
won a strike for higher wages. The ARU never
recovered after the failure of the strike.
Ida B. Wells
Born into slavery, then moved to Memphis to
become a teacher in the 1880s. She later became a newspaper editor. On
March 9th, 3 of her friends were lynched. Therefore,
she wrote about it in Crusade for Justice.
Omaha Platform
Party program adopted at the
formative convention of the
Populist Party held in Omaha, Nebraska.
http://tinyurl.com/ctfc4he
1894 1895 1895
W.E.B Dubois
He became the first African American man to receive a
doctorate from Harvard. He later founded the Niagara movement,
which insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts
education in order to have well educated African American
leaders.
William Randolph Hearst
Purchased the New York Morning Journal. He already owned the
San Francisco Examiner, but he sought to outdo
Pulitzer by filling the journal with
exaggerated tales.
Pullman Strike
4,000 employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company began a
strike in response to recent reductions in wages. The Pullman workers joined the ARU, and Eugene Debs became the
leader of the strike.http://tinyurl.com/cjdvq5thttp://tinyurl.com/bodpa5f
1896 1896 1896
Plessey vs. Ferguson
The Supreme Court ruled that the
separation of races in public
accommodations was legal and did not violate the 14th Amendment.
“Cross of Gold Speech”
Delivered by William Jennings Bryan at the Democratic National
Convention in Chicago on July 9th. It supported
Bimetallism. This speech helped him become
Democratic candidate nominee.
William Jennings Bryan
Nebraska Congressman that won the Democratic nomination. Although he
did win the southern vote, he lost the election.
He supported popular democracy, and was an
enemy of the gold standard. His nickname
was “The Great Commoner”.
http://tinyurl.com/cqm84gf
1899 1901 1903
Orville & Willbur Wright
Bicycle manufacturing brothers from Dayton, Ohio. They
experimented with new engines powerful enough to keep
“heavier-than-air” crafts afloat. The first successful flight
occurred at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17th.
William Mckinley
Ohioan that served as the 25th president, He served from March 4th,
1897, until his assassination in
September 1901. He was a Republican, and a supporter of the gold
standard.
Vanderville
Theater that was characterized by
performances of song, dance, juggling, and
slipstick comedy. Edwin Milton Royle hailed the
theater as an “American invention that offered something to attract
everyone. http://tinyurl.com/d573kuphttp://tinyurl.com/cu3fa7q
1910 1910
Angel Island
When arriving on the west coast, Asian immigrants gained admission
at the island. From 1910-1940, about 50,000 Chinese immigrants entered
the U.S through the island. Immigrants endured harsh
questioning and long detention in filthy buildings in order to find out if they would be admitted or rejected.
Ragtime
Ragtime was a blend of African American spirituals and European musical forms. It originated in the 1800s in the saloons of the South.
Scott Joplin’s compositions made him famous in the first decade of the
1900s. Ragtime led to jazz, rhythm & blues, and rock ‘n’ roll.
http://tinyurl.com/dya6qhuhttp://tinyurl.com/d4bv9le