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19 19 th th Century Century Timeline Timeline By Abby Bishop By Abby Bishop

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Page 1: Abby bishop timeline finished project

1919thth Century Century TimelineTimeline

By Abby BishopBy Abby Bishop

Page 2: Abby bishop timeline finished project

1850 18571854

Andrew Carnegie

At age 16, Carnegie had worked his way up to

become private secretary to the local superintendent

of the Pennsylvania Railroad. After relaying

messages that unsnarled a tangle of freight and

passenger trains, his boss gave him the opportunity to buy stock. He became one of the first industrial moguls

to make his own fortune.

Fredrick Law Olmsted

Landscape architects that was in charge of forming

urban parks. He helped draw up a

plan for “Greenward”, which in now Central Park

in NYC.

Bessemer Process

Developed by the British manufacturers. It developed injecting air into molten iron to

remove the carbon and other impurities. It

became widely used to produce steel.

http://tinyurl.com/c5pe2ve

http://tinyurl.com/bqpc3xq

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1862 1862

Exodusters

A group of people that took advantage of the Homestead Act. They

were African Americans who moved

from the post – reconstruction South to

Kansas.

Homestead Act

Congress passed this act. It offered 160

acres of land free to any citizen or

extended citizen who was head of the

household. From 1862 – 1900, up to

600,000 families took advantage of the

governments offer.

1859

Social Darwinism

This theory came from Charles Darwin's book called “On the Origin of

Species”. It was published in 1859. This book

explained the process of natural selection, it enabled

the best to survive. This book was used by many

other professors.http://tinyurl.com/27oume5http://tinyurl.com/c796ygk

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1864

Credit Mobilier

A French banking company. One of the most important financial institutions in the

world during the 19th century. It credited vast debts and

gave out loans. During the Great Depression a lot of the

loans were audited.

1862

Transcontinental Railroad

A 1,776 miles railroad line built across the

western half of the U.S.

1864

Sand Creek Massacre

General S.R Curtis (U.S Army Commander in the West) sent a telegram to militia colonel John

Chivington saying that he doesn’t want peace until the

Indians suffer more. Therefore, Chivington and troops traveled to the Sand Creek Reserve. On November 29th, over 150 people

were killed.http://tinyurl.com/d7uctbyhttp://tinyurl.com/bp2r3kf

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1867

George Westinghouse

American entrepreneur and engineer. He developed the

railway air brake. Also he was a pioneer of the electrical

industry. He believed in an alternating current while opposing Edison's direct

current.

1867

Greenbacks

A minor political party that believed in more

money supply, also they believed in both gold and silver. Another definition for greenbacks would be

a slang term given to U.S. currency.

1866

Buffalo Soldiers

Member of the U.S Tenth Calvary

Regiment of the U.S. Formed on

September 21st at Fort Leavenworth,

Kansas.

http://tinyurl.com/c8vwx6e

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1868

Tammany Hall

It was the most powerful Democratic political

machine. It was led by a man named Boss Tweed. He led a group of corrupt

politicians in defrauding the town. A total of 10 million

dollars went into their pockets.

1867

Grange

An association of farmers whose purpose was to

provide a social outlet and an educational forum for isolated

farm families

1867

Oliver Hudson Kelley

Started the patrons of

Husbandry. This was an

organization for farmers, it

became known as the grange. It was for isolated farm families. http://tinyurl.com/c6m352l

http://tinyurl.com/clfgepx

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1870

Poll Tax

An annual tax that had to be paid before

qualifying to vote. The tax mainly prohibited

blacks and white sharecroppers from

voting.

1870

John D. Rockefeller

American industrialist and philosophist. He was founder of the Standard oil company. It dominated over all of the oil companies of that time. His

money had a major impact on education and scientific

research. As the importance of kerosene and oil grew so

did his wealth. He soon became worth1 billion dollars and was the richest man in

America.

1869

Gilded Age

•Period following the civil war . This term was coined by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner in a book called “The Gilded Age”, a tale of today. The book satirized what they believed to be an era of serious social problems hidden by a thin layer of gold. http://tinyurl.com/7ugoufo

http://tinyurl.com/bmogcpp

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1876

Great Plains

•The grassland extending through the west – central portion of the U.S. . The federal government designated this entire area as an enormous reservation for the Native American people

1874

George A, Custer

•He announced the black hills had gold, this started a huge gold rush, which put a lot of uprising pressure on the Native Americans living in the area. He led a battle against the Sioux in 1876 called the Battle of Little Bighorn

1870

Jacob Riis

•Danish American social reformer, journalist, and social documentary photographer. The impoverished people were the biggest subjects of his photography and prolific writing. He also discovered the flash.

http://tinyurl.com/5hfsnqhttp://tinyurl.com/yqeslc

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1876

Little Bighorn

•Also called “Custer's Last Stand”, or “Battle of Greasy Grass”. It was between the Cheyenne, Lakota, Arapaho Indians, and Custer's 7th cavalry. The Battle was June 25th and 26th. Custer's men were outflanked and all 700 men and Custer himself were killed.

1876

Sitting Bull

•One of the major leaders of the Native American people called the Sioux. The government tried to force him to sign the treaty of fort Laramie. Though some of the other chiefs did sitting bull held his ground. He never signed the treaty.

1876

Telephone

•Created by Alexander G. Bell and Thomas Watson. It opened up tons of new jobs for women in office settings. Also the way of communicating would be forever changed.

http://tinyurl.com/nxq8f3http://tinyurl.com/bt9ulmd

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1876 1877 1877

Nez Perce

Original people of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington State. The tribe refused to

leave the Wallowa Valley and travel to a reserved space. They fled to Canada

1100 miles away. They were trapped 40 miles from Canada, and after a 5 day

fight, the remaining 431 Nez Perce were beaten. They surrendered on October 5th

at Bears Paw.

Chief Joseph

Chief of the Nez Perce (a Native

American tribe of the Wallowa

Valley in Northwest Oregon.

Thomas Alva Edison

He became a pioneer on the new industrial

frontier when he established the worlds

first research laboratory in Menio Park, New Jersey.

http://tinyurl.com/d2cwdgfhttp://tinyurl.com/d4e44l

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1880 1881 1883

Joseph Pulitzer

A Hungarian immigrant who had

bought the New York World. His paper emphasized “sin,

sex, and sensation.

Booker T. Washington

Prominent African American educator. He believed that

racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and

could prove their economic value to society. He headed the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial

Institute.

Thomas Alva Edison

Edison patented a system for

electricity distribution on January 27th.

http://tinyurl.com/d4e44lhttp://tinyurl.com/d6fn8nhttp://tinyurl.com/ceajmn3

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1884 1885 1866

Samuel Gompers

President of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which focused on negotiation between

representatives of labor & management, to reach written

agreements on wages, hours and working conditions. He led the Cigar

Makers International Union to join with other craft unions.

Mark Twain

(Samuel Longhorn Clemens). Novelist and humorist that inspired a

host of other young authors. Wrote The

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which

was published in the U.S in February of 1885.

Mugwumps

Republican political activists who bolted

from the U.S Republican party by

supporting Democratic

candidate Grover Cleveland in the

presidential election.

http://tinyurl.com/bvqs4gjhttp://tinyurl.com/crrjzp7

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1886 1887 1887

Interstate Commerce Commission

A regulatory agency created by the Interstate Commerce Act of

1887. Its purpose was to regulate railroads to ensure fair

rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and regulate other aspects of common

carriers.

Dawes Act

Law passed by Congress that was

aimed to “Americanize” the Native Americans. The act broke up the reservations land to

individual Native Americans.

Haymarket Affair

An aftermath of bombing that took place at a labor

demonstration on May 4th at Haymarket Square in

Chicago. It began as a rally in support of workers striking for 8 hour days. An unknown

person threw a dynamite bomb at police. 7 officers and 4 civilians were killed.

http://tinyurl.com/cvpf3nqhttp://tinyurl.com/4gkyyr

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1888 1890 1890

Sherman Antitrust Act

This act made it illegal to form a trust that

interfered with free trade between states or with

other countries. Eventually, the

government stopped trying to enforce the act.

Wounded Knee

On December 28th, the 7th Calvary rounded up 350 Sioux

and took them to a camp at Wounded Knee Creek in

South Dakota. The next day, the soldiers demanded that

the Native Americans give up all of their weapons. A shot

was fired, and within minutes, 300 Native Americans were

killed.

George Eastman

Developed a series of more convenient

alternatives to the heavy glass plates previously

used to develop pictures. He introduced his Kodak camera, which was the

first roll-film camera

http://tinyurl.com/bbd96t4http://tinyurl.com/cd84aae

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1892 1892 1894

Eugene v. Debs

Attempted to form an industrial Union including

skilled and unskilled laborers on the American Railway Union. The union

won a strike for higher wages. The ARU never

recovered after the failure of the strike.

Ida B. Wells

Born into slavery, then moved to Memphis to

become a teacher in the 1880s. She later became a newspaper editor. On

March 9th, 3 of her friends were lynched. Therefore,

she wrote about it in Crusade for Justice.

Omaha Platform

Party program adopted at the

formative convention of the

Populist Party held in Omaha, Nebraska.

http://tinyurl.com/ctfc4he

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1894 1895 1895

W.E.B Dubois

He became the first African American man to receive a

doctorate from Harvard. He later founded the Niagara movement,

which insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts

education in order to have well educated African American

leaders.

William Randolph Hearst

Purchased the New York Morning Journal. He already owned the

San Francisco Examiner, but he sought to outdo

Pulitzer by filling the journal with

exaggerated tales.

Pullman Strike

4,000 employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company began a

strike in response to recent reductions in wages. The Pullman workers joined the ARU, and Eugene Debs became the

leader of the strike.http://tinyurl.com/cjdvq5thttp://tinyurl.com/bodpa5f

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1896 1896 1896

Plessey vs. Ferguson

The Supreme Court ruled that the

separation of races in public

accommodations was legal and did not violate the 14th Amendment.

“Cross of Gold Speech”

Delivered by William Jennings Bryan at the Democratic National

Convention in Chicago on July 9th. It supported

Bimetallism. This speech helped him become

Democratic candidate nominee.

William Jennings Bryan

Nebraska Congressman that won the Democratic nomination. Although he

did win the southern vote, he lost the election.

He supported popular democracy, and was an

enemy of the gold standard. His nickname

was “The Great Commoner”.

http://tinyurl.com/cqm84gf

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1899 1901 1903

Orville & Willbur Wright

Bicycle manufacturing brothers from Dayton, Ohio. They

experimented with new engines powerful enough to keep

“heavier-than-air” crafts afloat. The first successful flight

occurred at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina on December 17th.

William Mckinley

Ohioan that served as the 25th president, He served from March 4th,

1897, until his assassination in

September 1901. He was a Republican, and a supporter of the gold

standard.

Vanderville

Theater that was characterized by

performances of song, dance, juggling, and

slipstick comedy. Edwin Milton Royle hailed the

theater as an “American invention that offered something to attract

everyone. http://tinyurl.com/d573kuphttp://tinyurl.com/cu3fa7q

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1910 1910

Angel Island

When arriving on the west coast, Asian immigrants gained admission

at the island. From 1910-1940, about 50,000 Chinese immigrants entered

the U.S through the island. Immigrants endured harsh

questioning and long detention in filthy buildings in order to find out if they would be admitted or rejected.

Ragtime

Ragtime was a blend of African American spirituals and European musical forms. It originated in the 1800s in the saloons of the South.

Scott Joplin’s compositions made him famous in the first decade of the

1900s. Ragtime led to jazz, rhythm & blues, and rock ‘n’ roll.

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