Abbreviations (ancient and modern) as found in the various reference collections relevant to the 2014 Prosopographical exercise [and the availability of texts in MUL]

Fuller keys to the abbreviations for ancient writers and their texts may be found at the beginning of the Oxford Classical Dictionary, C. Lewis & C. Short's Latin Dictionary, H.G. Liddell & Scott's Oxford Greek Lexicon or The Oxford Latin Dictionary - all of which are held in the Library's reference section. Abbreviations for many standard modern works will be found at the beginning of Broughton's Magistrates of the Roman Republic Vol. 1, pp. xvi-xix.

The abbreviations given here are those likely to be encountered while working on the AHIS110 project. Any item registered as available in Loeb translation should be in Reserve.

For those of you going on in Ancient History Studies, a fuller (cumulative) list of Abbreviations will also be placed on this site. We provide it for your future use.

AE ‘L’Année Epigraphique (The Epigraphical Year), a French journal registering all publications in epigraphy. You do not need to look this up.

Acta triumph. See below: Act.Tr.Acta tr. As below.Act. Tr. Fasti triumphales (the list of triumphs preserved on stone and other

copies - can be found in CIL 12 [not available in trans. but they can be found in the Unit Book of Readings—only, unfortunately, to 121 BC.)

They are not available in translationWe provide for you here the entry for 111 BC:

M . Caecilius . Q . F . Q .. N Met[ellus for the Y]ear DCXLII (i.e. the Year 642 AUC), Consul, (on account of victories in) Sardinia, on the Ides of Quintilis (i.e. July 15th, 111 BC)[C . Caeci]lius . Q . F . Q . N . [Metellus Caprar(ius)] in the Yearr DCXLII (i.e. the Year 642 AUC), Proconsul, (on account of victories in) Thrace, , on the Ides of Quintilis (i.e. July 15th, 111 BC)

We provide below, for your pleasure, a transcript (cum line drawing of this part of the stone).

ad ann. “(with regard) to the year”

Antiate Fasti See Fast. Ant.

App. AppianAfrican Wars Libyke ("The Punic Wars") [available in Loeb trans.]B.C. bellum civile (Civil Wars) [available in Loeb and Penguin

trans., and on the Perseus site]BCiv. bellum civile (Civil Wars) [available in Loeb and Penguin trans.

and on the Perseus site]bell.civ. bellum civile (Civil Wars) [available in Loeb and Penguin trans.

and on the Perseus site]Hisp. Hispaniae ("The Spanish War") [available in Loeb trans.]Ib. Iberica ("The Spanish War") [available in Loeb trans.]Pun. Libyke ("The Punic Wars") [available in Loeb trans.]

Cassiod. CassiodorusThe references that you will find in MRR will be to his Chronica, which contain consular lists - they can be found in CIL 12 [not available in trans.] — but a translation is offered below[Cassiodorus’ Variae trans. by S.J.B.Barnish is now available as part of the series "Translated Texts for Historians', vol. 12 (Liverpool University Press, 1992)]

For the year 115 BC, Cassiodorus offers:

M. Metellus et M. Scaurus (‘M. Metellus and M. Scaurus’)

Chr. 354 See Chron. 354 (see below)Chron. 354 The fasti of Furius Dionysius Philocalus; it lists the consuls for

each year.- can be found in CIL 12 [not available in trans., but see the translation provided below]

For the year 115 BC, it reads:

Scauro et Megello"[This being the year of] Scaurus and Megellus [sic] "

Chronogr. = Chron. 354Chronogr. Idat. See Fast. Hyd. (the fasti Hydatiani below)Chr. Pasc. The Chronicon Paschale 284-628 AD is now available as part

of the series "Translated Texts for Historians', vol. 7 (Liverpool University Press, 1992)] — but, note, that translation does not cover the years with which we are concerned.

For the year 115, it reads:

Skauvrou kai; MetevllouScaurou kai Metellou("[the year of] of Claudius and Metellus")

Chron. Pasc. See Chr. Pasc.

Cic. CiceroBrut. Brutus (a treatise on oratorical abilities) [available in Loeb

trans.]de finib. bon. et mal.

de finibus bonorum et malorum (“About the Ends of Good and Evil”)[available in Loeb trans. and online (see immediately below)]

Fin. de finibus bonorum et malorum (“About the Ends of Good and Evil”)N.B. Check also our Guide to sources online.

Phil. "The Philippics" (Cicero's speeches against M. Antony)[available in Loeb and, partly, in Penguin trans.]

p. red. ad Quir.post reditum ad Quirites (“After his Return to the People”)[available in Loeb trans.]

p. red. in sen. post reditum in senatu (“After his Return in the Senate”)[available in Loeb trans.]

post red. ad Quir.post reditum ad Quirites (“After his Return to the People”)[available in Loeb trans.]

post red. in sen.post reditum in senatu (“After his Return in the Senate”)[available in Loeb trans.]

prov. cons. “Concerning the Consular Provinces” [available in Loeb trans. (it can be found in the ‘Loeb’ Cicero volume XIII)]

Tusc. Tusculanarum Disputationum ("Tusculan Disputations")[a philosophical treatise in the form of a dialogue set in his villa at Tusculum] [available in Loeb trans.]

Tuscul. Tusculanarum Disputationum ("Tusculan Disputations")[a philosophical treatise in the form of a dialogue set in his villa at Tusculum] [available in Loeb trans.]

CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum ("Compendium of Latin Inscriptions") [not available in trans.]

CIL 12 CIL, volume 1, second edition

CIL X 7857, 2 See imediately below.

CIL 10.7852, lines 7–8These are references to a particular bronze plaque found in Sardinia. It refers to our man, M. Metellus. Very Exciting! Go to the instructions for finding inscriptions online to retrieve this one. We shall provide you with a translation later on. For the moment, rest content with finding Metellus’ name.

CIL VI.8.3 40941 = Inscript. Ital. XIII.3. 21One of our students from 2010, Lisa Cooper, brought to our attention this fragment of an inscription found in the Forum of Augustus, a forum which was adorned with statues of illustrious Romans of the past [each accompanied by a short elogium].

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

© Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum – BBAW

All that remains of the text is:...]besset consul[........................]nsul quartus pr[............

which has been restored to read:a]besset consul[ares filios reliquit tres (?)]cum co]nsul quartus pr[oxime futurus esset (?)

which would mean (if we trust the reconstruction):

... he departed (sc. died), leaving three consular sons, with a fourth (son)almost about to be consul

This would then be a reference to Q. Metellus Macedonicus (cos. 143), and one of those consular sons would be M. Metellus. If M. Metellus was seeking to live up to the exploits of his father, this is one of the criteria against which he might have measured himself.

Another thing we might ask would be: Did M. Metellus score a statue in the Forum of Augustus? According to the surviving evidence, he did not.

Crawford, RCC M.H. Crawford, Roman Republican Coinage (Cambridge 1974)— available in MUL

D Degrassi (see below)Degrassi A. Degrassi Inscriptiones Italiae (Rome, 1947)

[not available in Eng. trans. — but see directly below]Degrassi 84f., 561 This reference which you might have found in MRR, is a

reference to the fasti triumphales. See Above, under Act. Tr.

Eckhel You may have come across this reference in Smith’s Dictionary. It is a reference to Joseph Eckhel, Doctrina numorum veterum in 8 volumes (Vindobonae [Vienna], 1792–1798), an old set of volumes on ancient coinage. You do not need to consult this. (We have referred you to other more recent numismatic sources.) (But here’s an image of him, anyway!)

Joseph Hilarius Eckhel (1737–1798) [Source: Wikipedia]

ed. editor

EDCS-ID Epigraphik Datenbank Clauss-Slaby, Identification Number. See the Guide to finding inscriptions also supplied in the Essay Instructions.

e.g. exempli gratia ("by way of example")et al. at alii/alia ("and other people"/"and other things")etc. et cetera ("and the rest"). See also ktl.

Eutrop. EutropiusBrev. Breviarium ab urbe condita

(An Abbreviated History of Rome from its foundation)[available in an Eng. trans. by H.W. Bird andpublished by Liverpool University Press, 1993]. It is available in the Library (in Reserve).N.B. Check also our Guide to sources online.

f. filius (son), e.g. C.f. (Caii filius = son of Gaius)

f. "and following page" (e.g. p.75f. = pp. 75-76)or "and following section" (e.g. Cic. Lael. 45f.)

fasti triumphales See Act. Tr. (Acta triumphales)

Fast. Ant., Degrassi See below.

Fast. Ant. Fasti Antiates (fasti [i.e. consul lists on stone] from Antium)They are found published in CIL or Inscriptiones Italiae.

You will have come across a reference to Fast. Ant., Degrassi 162f.

The relevant fragment (for the year 115 BC ) reads:

[M. Aemi]li ScaurusM. Ca[ecili Metel.]

[L.] Caecili. Q.f.n. Mete.Cn D[omiti Ahen.] lustrum fecerunt

which can be restored as:

M. Aemilius Scaurus and M. Caecilius Metellus (were the consuls); L. Caecilius, son and grandson of Quintus, and Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus, as censors, performed the lustration, having completed the census.

Fast. Cap. Fasti Capitolini (lists of the consuls preservedon stone) - they can be found in CIL 12 or Inscriptiones Italiae. (edited by A. Degrassi)[not available in trans., but not, in any case, relevant to this exercise, because, unfortunately, there is a lacuna (a gap in the surviving stone) for this period.

Fast. Hyd. The so-called fasti Hydatiani provide consular lists - they can be found in CIL 12 [not available in trans. — but see the translation provided directly below]. This (fasti Hydatiani) is the title given to the list by the earlier editor, Theodore Mommsen. More correctly the title should be Consularia Constantinopolitana; the work is distinct from the Chronicle of Hydatius—and is printed separately in the latest edition (R.W. Burgess [ed./trans.], Two Contemporary Accounts of the Final Years of the Roman Empire [Oxford, 1993]).

For the year 115 BC, the ‘fasti Hydati’ / Cons. Const. give:Scauro et Metello

meaningScaurus and Metellus, being the consuls

Fest. Sex. Pompeius Festus, a scholar of the late 2nd century AD. He wrote an epitome of Verrius Flaccus' de significatu verborum ("On the meaning of words").

If you found a reference to Festus, s.v. Caeculus (in Crawford’s RRC), this should, more conventionally be given as Festus, p. 38L (see below)

p.xxxL The work is usually referred to by the page numberof the 1913 edition by W. (Wallace) M. Lindsay.Sometimes the references are to the edition of Mueller[not available in Eng.trans.— but see below]

p.38L “Caeculus founded Praeneste. From him, some thought that the Caecilii were descended, a noble family amongst the Romans. Others said that they were named after the Trojan Caecas, a companion of Aeneas.”

This is not strictly an item about M. Metellus, but it is an interesting item about his family that you might want to use in the essay later on.

ff. and following pages (e.g. p. 75ff.)or "and following sections" (e.g. Cic. Lael. 45ff.)

ktl. (ktl) kai ta loipa (ancient Greek for "etc. / et cetera")

Mommsen Münzwesens Theodor Mommsen, Geschichte des Römischen Münzwesens (History of Roman Coinage) (Berlin 1860). It was often cited by reference to the 1866 French translation by Louis de Blacas d’Aulps (hence “Trad. Blac.”). This work has been overtaken by more recent numismatic studies.

Mommsen Herm. II 106 = Th. Mommsen, ‘Decree of the Proconsul of Sardinia, L. Helvius Agrippa’, Hermes 2 (1867), 102ff. (It is in German, and you need not worry about it.)

MRR T.R.S. Broughton's Magistrates of the Roman RepublicMünzer F. Münzer

APF Römische Adelsparteien und Adelsfamilien (Stuttgart,1920). [This has now been translated into English by an Australian, Terese Ridley (Melbourne). It is entitled Roman Aristocratic Parties and Families (Baltimore and London, 1999).]

n. nepos (grandson), e.g. P.f. (Publi filius = son of Publius) P.n. (Publi nepos = grandson of Publius)

Nr German abbreviation for ‘Number’.

Obseq. Julius Obsequens Prodigiorum Liber ("Book of Prodigies")[available in Loeb trans.; Livy Loeb vol. XIV, pp. 238-319]

Obsequ. As above.OCD The Oxford Classical Dictionary

Ovid The poet P. Ovidius NasoFasti The Fasti (a poetical treatment of the Roman Calendar)

[available in multiple English translations]

Plin. Pliny the ElderHN "The Natural History" [available in Loeb trans.]

nat. "The Natural History" [available in Loeb trans.]

NH "The Natural History" [available in Loeb trans.]N.B. There is only one ‘Loeb’ Pliny in Reserve (and it is often hard to find). We have also placed in Reserve, an English translation by Mary Beagon. We also offer you a guide, below, to finding Pliny online.

Plut. PlutarchApophth. Caec.

Apophthegemata Caecilii("The Sayings of Metellus")

— found in Plutarch's Moralia, Loeb volume 3)— It is the same as Moralia 202A

Apophth. MetelliApophthegemata Metelli

("The Sayings of Metellus")— found in Plutarch's Moralia, Loeb volume 3)— It is the same as Moralia 202A

Apophth. Scip. Min.Apophthegemata Scipionis Minoris("The Sayings of Scipio Aemilianus"

— found in Plutarch's Moralia, Loeb volume 3)CG. Life of Caius Gracchus [available in Loeb, Penguin and in your Oxford

World’s Classics edition]C. Gracch. See above: CG.fort. Rom. “On the Fortune of the Romans”

[available in Loeb trans.; Plutarch's Moralia vol. 4]fort. Rom. 4 = Mor. 318B.N.B. Check also our Guide to sources online (for Plut. fort.Rom.).

Mar. Life of Marius [available in Loeb trans., Penguin and in your Oxford World’s Classics edition]

Mor. Moralia ("Moral Essays") [available in Loeb trans.; 15 vols]TG Life of Tiberius Gracchus [available in Loeb, Penguin and your Oxford

World’s Classics edition]

Plut. Ti. Gracch. See above: TGTib. Gracch. See above: TG

Ruf. Fest. (Rufus) Festus, a writer of a historical compendium in the fourth century AD.

Brev. Festus wrote a Breviarium ab urbe condita (‘A Brief History of Rome from its Foundation’).See our guide to online translations below.There is also a good commentary on this work by J.W. Eadie, The Breviarium of Festus. A Critical Edition with Historiacal Commentary (The University of London Press, The Athlone press, 1967). He discusses the relevant passage of Festus on pp. 102–103. This commentary is in Reserve. (Eadie wonders why Festus bothered to register Metellus’ triumph. Is Eadie to hard on Metellus?)

Schol Ver. A scholiast of Verona who wrote a commentary on Vergil’s Aeneid. You might have found a reference to this work in Crawford’s RRC. It is not available in English, and it is not strictly relevant to M. Metellus, but see below under Vergil and under Servius.

Servius Maurus Servius Honoratus. He wrote a commentary on the works of Vergil.You may have found a reference in Crawford’s RRC to his commentary of Verg. Aen. 7.678This is not strictly an item about M. Metellus, but it is an interesting item about his family’s descent from the god Vulcan that you might want to use in the essay later on.

“Caeculus was so called on account of his small eyes which he obtained from his frequent exposure to fumes. This man, after having gathered together a multitude and having for a time engaged in highway robbery and pillage, founded the state of Praeneste in the mountains. And when he had, on a day of games, invited the neighbouring population, he began to exhort them, together with those who lived there, to regard him with the glory befitting a son of Vulcan. When they did not believe him, he invoked Vulcan to confirm his filiation, the whole multitude was ringed by flames. Shaken by this episode, all those who have lived there have, from that time, believed him to be the son of Vulcan.”

sic “thus”, “in such a fashion” (this indicates that a word is spelled, or a phrase is expressed, in this way within a source, even though this is an apparent anomaly or a mistake)

s.v. sub voce ("under the heading")

V. Max. See immediately below.Val.Max. Valerius Maximus. He wrote a book entitle On Memorable

Deeds and Sayings. [available in Loeb trans.]N.B. Check also our Guide to sources online.

Vell. Velleius Paterculus [available in Loeb trans.]V.P. Velleius Paterculus [available in Loeb trans.]Vell.Pat. Velleius Paterculus [available in Loeb trans.]

N.B. Check also our Guide to sources online.

Vergil P. Vergilius Maro, Roman poetAen. Vergil’s epic poem, the Aeneid

You may have found a reference to Vergil in Crawford’s RRC. This is not strictly an item about M. Metellus, but it is an interesting item about his family’s descent from the god Vulcan that you might want to use in the essay later on.

vgl. An abbreviation of the German vergleiche, and means "compare" or "look up also". In the RE, it will often turn up in the formula 'vgl. Bd.', meaning "see also volume [such-and such]." There is no compelling reason for you to do this (in this particular exercise), unless you want to wade through a lot of German, usually about some other individual.Where you find such an invitation to look up a reference to Wilms Jahrb.f. Phil., let it go through to the keeper.

vgl. besonders "see also as well"vgl. noch “see besides”, “see as well”vol. volumeWende De Caec.Met. M. Wende, De Caeciliis Metellis (Diss. Bonn, 1875)

— a nineteenth-century German dissertation in Latin [not available in trans.]

z.B. German abbreviation for zum Beispiel (= e.g. [for example]).