ABB LVP, Alan Roadway, 2011-5-15 Energy · PDF file17/05/2012 · Energy Metering ABB LVP, Alan Roadway, 2011-5-15. ... Energy Metering Meter Types ... Cewe-Control 2010-05-20 | Slide

2CMC480042© ABB AB, Cewe-Control2010-05-20 | Slide 1

Energy MeteringABB LVP, Alan Roadway, 2011-5-15

Agenda

Why use metering

Meter Types

Drivers: Standards and Legislation

Metering Applications

References

Communication Options

EQ meters

Energy Metering

Why use metering?

Identify energy thieves for increased energy efficiency

Track the energy cost in the energy flow and allocate the cost in that chain

Avoid disturbances in the energy distribution by monitoring the electrical parameters.

Why use metering?Sub-metering business case

© ABB Group May 17, 2012 | Slide 4


Measurement principle


Measurement Elements

1-element metering Single phase meters

2-element metering Three phase meters

3-element metering Three phase meters

1 x 230V

3 x 400V

3 x 400/230V

Energy Metering

Meter Types


Meter types

Sub-metering meters

Utility revenue billing meters

Utility interchange meters

Measures power flow between utility interconnection points

Measures energy consumption at the point of sale

Cost allocation

Energy efficiency

Optimizing installation


Meter Types Solid-state meters

Electro-mechanical meters

Various mountings Rack mounted meters

Specialty meters

Meter board mounted meters

Standard Utility meters

Advanced Utility meters (Smart Meters)

Front panel mounted meters

Low-cost meters

Multimeters and analyzers

DIN rail mounted meters Mainly for sub-metering

“Behind glass” meters

Utility meters US style

“Boxed” meters

Other non-standard types of meters

Meter TypesParameters

Accuracy Class

A (Cl 2) Accuracy 2%

B (Cl 1) Accuracy 1%

Direct Connected – Generally Cl 2

CTx Connected – Cl 1 or Cl 2

Energy Metering

Drivers: Standards and Legislation


IEC Standards

IEC IEC 62052-11 General requirements, tests and test conditions –

Part 11: Metering equipment

IEC 62052-21 General requirements, tests and test conditions – Part 21: Tariff and load control equipment

IEC 62053-21 Particular requirements – Part 21: Static meters for active energy (classes 1 and 2)

IEC 62053-23 Particular requirements – Part 23: Static meters for reactive energy (classes 2 and 3)

IEC 62054-21 Tariff and load control – Part 21: Particular requirements for time switches

IEC 62053-31 Particular requirements – Part 31: Pulse output devices for electromechanical and electronic meters (two wires only)

MID EN 50470-1 General requirements, tests and test conditions

Part 1: - Metering equipment (class indexes A, B and C)

EN 50470-3 Particular requirements Part 3: - Static meters for active energy (class indexes A, B and C)

MID – Measuring Instruments Directive

Background For around 15 years work has been going on within the

EU to have a common European standard for meter measurement. The purpose of which is to reduce trade barriers within Europe. During April 2003 the council working group finalized a proposal for a Measuring Instruments Directive.

OBJECTIVE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION PROPOSAL“The proposal aims to harmonize national legislation concerning instruments for legal measurement (e.g. water, gas and electricity meters, petrol pumps, taximeters, exhaust gas meters.).The legislation is of the New Approach type. It specifies essential requirements and leaves technical specifications to manufacturers and standards. It also allows the manufacturer a choice of conformity assessment procedures.”


There are several options for product certification in the MID Standard:

Type approval and initial verification to be verified by a Notified Body. The Notified Body issue a certificate for the product.

Individually test each product to ensure that they are in accordance with the type approval

Own accredited calibration laboratory

Each meter is labeled with the code SE1818, showing that it is calibrated and approved by this laboratory

Regular audits are performed to make sure that processes and tools performs as required

Test reports are stored on server. Available on request.

© ABB Group

MID – Measuring Instruments DirectiveConformity Assessment

Product group Conformity assessment

Design Production

Electricity meter

Water meter

Gas meter

Heat meter

Taximeter

Exhaust gas analysers

Type Approval examination by

NB (B)

“Own Verification , Quality of production process

“EN 29002” (D)

Verification by NB (F)

Total quality control + design examination by NB (H1)

For electricity meters there are three options for type approval and verification:B+D or B+F or H1

NB = Notified Body, ABB uses NMI

The ABB approach


In 2006 the European Parliament issued the MID approvals which meant that each member country has had to implement this directive into its legislation.

M 05 0122

CE-marking Year of approval Notified Body No.

Market Driver:L2 Building Regulations

Main Points:

L2 imposes stricter demands on the performance of lighting, space heating and hot water systems

L2 requires the building owner occupiers to be able to account for 90% of each energy source they use

Incoming meters must be installed in every building greater than 500 sq. metres with sub-meters in each seperately tenanted area above this size threshold

Energy used by plant items above certain power ratings must be individually metered

SIZE OF PLANT FOR WHICH METERING WOULD BE REASONABLE

Boiler installations or CHP plant-------------50KW

Chiller installations -----------------------------20KW

Electric humidifiers------------------------------10KW

MCCs supplying fans / pumps---------------10KW

Final electrical DBs -----------------------------50KW

Market Driver:Carbon Reduction Commitment

The Scheme:

The CRC Energy Efficiency Scheme (CRC) is a new regulatory incentive to improve energy efficiency in large public and private sector organisations. It is a mandatory scheme that aims to improve energy efficiency and reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted in the UK.

The Aim:

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 by at least 80% (baseline 1990).

Market Driver: Carbon Reduction Commitment

How:

Participating organisations will have to monitor their emissions and purchase allowances for each tonne of carbon dioxide they emit.

Monitor:

By a League Table showing the comparative performance of allparticipants.

How may companies are effected:

5,000 approx organisations to participate fully

20,000 approx organisations to participate in some way


Drivers shaping the demand for sub-metering

Apartment houses, industrial and commercial building often have one utility billing meter but many individuals or companies paying the bills

Type approved and verified meters are an advantage

Better knowledge on where and how the electricity is used enables better energy management

Climate concerns, rising energy cost and to some degree energy efficiency legislation are driving the demand for sub-meters

Better knowledge on consumption pattern allows optimal design of electric installation expansion

Important to integrate with Facility management systems

Fair allocation of energy cost

Reduction of electricity

consumption

Optimize electrification

upgrades

Energy Metering

Metering Applications


Metering


Meters are used in three main areas...

Generation Transmission substation

Primary distribution substation

Secondary distribution substation

Factory Comm. building Households

M MM

MM

Sub-metering meters

Meters in the electricity supply chain


M

M

MUtility interchange metersM

M

M

Measures power flow between utility interconnection points

Done through CT, VT

Requires high accuracy meters

Measures energy consumption at the point of sale

Basically same technology and similar products as interchange meters

Used for cost sharing and energy efficiency within industries and commercial buildings

Meter types

MM MM

Main application areas

Applications in Commercial Buildings

Applications in Industries

Object Metering


Sub-metering

© ABB Group

May 17, 2012 | Slide 26

Sub-metering in commercial buildings


Sub-metering meters


Commercial Buildings

Purpose is to share cost between different users in the building and to improve energy efficiency

Customers are often Real Estate developers or Facility Management companies

As a special case, customer can be a chain of shops that want to improve energy efficiency by benchmarking similar shops in different locations

© ABB Group

May 17, 2012 | Slide 28

Sub-metering in industry


Sub-metering meters


Industry

Purpose is to distribute cost between different departments and to improve energy efficiency.

Customers are often Industries or System integrators


Object Metering

Main purpose is to monitor individual objects to improve their energy efficiency

Can also in some cases be to allocate cost to specific product or service

Customers are often industries, Facility Management companies, data centers, etc


Typical Applications

Commercial buildings Shopping centers Airports/Train stations Business Hotels Exhibition halls Computer centers …

Industries Process industry Manufacturing industry Distribution centers …

Object metering HVAC PV Elevators/escalators Gensets E-mobility Caravans/Marinas Machines/Production cells

Joint residential sourcing Condominiums Housing associations …

Billing When traditional meters cannot be

fitted Together with other ABB equipment

Applications Cost allocation Energy efficiency Energy declarations Consumption monitoring

Energy Metering

Communication Options


Meter Data Collecting Systems

Common in Utilities

AMR (Automatic Meter Reading)

AMI (Advanced Meter Integration)

AMM (Advanced Meter Management)

Common in commercial and industrial applications

BMS (Building Management System)

FMS (Facility Management System)

EMS (Energy Management System)

Common standard communication protocols

M-Bus, DLMS, LonWorks, Modbus, Profibus, KNX, “1107”, Zigbee

Common communication media

M-Bus (TP), RS-485, Ethernet, RS-232, GPRS, CSD, Powerline (PLC)

Pulsed Output

Pulsed output:

The pulse frequency can either be fixed or software settable on the meter.

The pulses can be fed into a collector and subsequently used in a variety of systems depending upon the conversion implemented.

Pulse output

Energy Metering

References


Reference - Airport

“Suvarnabhumi International Airport”

International airport in Bangkok, Thailand, Terminal 1

2000 meters with built-in M-bus interface Cost distribution

Energy efficiency


Reference - Manufacturing Industry

Scania Södertälje

Heavy truck production plant in Södertälje, Sweden

225 meters

Covering both MV and LV installation.

Also used for internal sales of energy within the plant


Reference – Computer Center

Enaco is building a server hall where clients can place their web servers (computers) to secure them from fire and drop in voltage supply (UPS). Energy consumption for each server is measured and cost is distributed to the owner of each server.

Location: Sweden

Delivery: 119 pcs single phase meters


Reference - Photovoltaic in residential building

The energy produced by solar panels in private homes is measured. For every produced kWh the owner of the solar panel receives a “Green certificate”. These certificates are then sold as extra income.

Location: Belgium

Revenue- meter

Load

meters

Solar panel

Revenue- meter

Load

meters

Solar panel

ABBMeter


Typical application - Marinas


Typical application - Camping sites


Typical application – E-mobility

Introduction new meter range

EQ meters


EQ meters from ABB

Single phase Three phase

C11 A41, A42 A43, A44


EQ meters - key features

Type approved and verified (MID, IEC)

High accuracy

Class B (Cl. 1) is standard

Class C (Cl. 0.5) available for CTVT connected meters

High meter performance

Wide voltage range (from 57/100 up to 400/690 V)

Wide temperature range -40 °C - +70 °C

High measurement dynamics, low min current – high max current

Large pixel-oriented display

Several values can displayed simultaneously

Extensive functionality

Instrument values

Alarms

Built-in communication

EQ meters

Active energy

Class 1

Pulse output/alarm

Import/export of energy

Class 0.5

Tariffs

Fixed I/O

Resettable register

Reactive energy

Adv. clock functionsincl. load profiles

Harmonics (THD)

Configurable I/O

Basic clock functionsincl. tariff controlprevious valuesmax demand event log



EQ meters

Documents

ABB LVP, Alan Roadway, 2011-5-15 Energy · PDF file17/05/2012 · Energy Metering ABB LVP, Alan Roadway, 2011-5-15. ... Energy Metering Meter Types ... Cewe-Control 2010-05-20 | Slide