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8/13/2019 ABAP Data Dictionary Exercises
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SAP R/3 Release 4.7Exercises: The ABAP Dictionary SAP Development ABAP Trainin
!amin "onventions
SAP has agreed to never create development objects whose names begin with a Y or a Z. SAPcustomers (thats you! must give all objects that theycreate names that dobegin with a Y or aZ. his prevents the possibility o" naming con"licts during an upgrade "rom one release o" SAPto another.
Also# in the "ollowing e$ercises you will see suggested object names. %ach suggested objectname will containXXor ZZ. o ensure that objects you create have di""erent names "rom objectsthat your classmates create# replace theXXor ZZ that you will see in the suggested objectnames with the last two digits o" your SAP &ogon '.)*hen you are in a situation# where a dictionary object o" your selected name already e$ists inthe system# then as+ the instructor i" you can delete the e$isting one# otherwise as+ him tosuggest a new name "or yours.,
'n short- egin all object names with a Y or a Z# and replace theXXor ZZwith the last two digitso" your SAP logon '.
Developer Access #eys vs. $%&ect Access #eys
he "irst time you try to create an object in SAP# the system will respond with a dialog bo$ thatsays# /You are not a registered developer.0 he dialog bo$ will prompt you "or a 123digitDeveloper Access #ey. he re4uest "or a developer access +ey will only appear once. A"teryou enter the +ey correctly# you will not be prompted "or it again.
5owever# i" you try to change an SAP3delivered object (or i" you "orget to name yourobjectbeginning with a Y or a Z# you will be prompted "or an $%&ect Access #ey. his is because
SAP registers and controls all customer changes to SAP3delivered objects. '" you see this dialogbo$ during this course# you have made a mista+e6 clic+ the cancel button in the dialog bo$.
't is easy to con"use a re4uest "or a developer access +ey with a re4uest "or an object access+ey. 7ne way to remember the di""erence is to remember the phrase# /You are not a registereddeveloper.0 '" the re4uest contains this phrase# it is as+ing "or a developer access +ey. '" it doesnot contain this phrase# it is as+ing "or an object access +ey.
"hapter ' Exercises
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he e$ercises "or this chapter will teach you how to create and manipulate the basic objects o"the AAP ictionary- tables# data elements# and domains. You will also enter data into one o"
your tables# and you will learn how to write a simple program that e$tracts data "rom an AAPictionary table.
'" you re4uire assistance at any point# please as+ an instructor. ry to do the solutions "or thee$ercises yoursel" and i" you "ind any di""iculty consult the hands on instructor. Also# solutionsare provided in this boo+# but only re"er to them as a last resort.
Exercise '.( "reate the )XXE*P ta%le.
his table will store basic in"ormation "or all employees. All employees will have one entry inthis table.
Step (: ;rom SAP 'nitial Screen 3< =o to ools 3< AAP *or+bench 3< evelopment 3< AAPictionary (tco+e: SE(( to go to the AAP ictionary 'nitial Screen.
Step ': >hoose atabase table and type YXX%8P in the space provided (replacingXXwithyour 13digit id. hen clic+ the >reate button.
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Note: he name o" the table in the AAP ictionary does not have to be the same as the nameo" the corresponding entity type in the data model. 5owever# in many cases# "or claritys sa+e# it
may be logical to ma+e them the same. 5ere# we are naming them the same.
Step 3: he table de"inition screen appears. egin by entering some o" the tables generalattributes- short te$t# elivery >lass# and whether or not table maintenance is allowed. %nter >"or the elivery >lass# and clic+ on the ab.8aint.Allowed "ield.
Question 1: *hat is the primary "unction o" the elivery >lass attribute? *hat does a value o"@> in this "ield indicate?
Hint: urning on the ab.8aint.Allowed attribute permits the tables data to be edited by S%:#S%::# ideally you should turn o"" ab.8aint.Allowed and create a able 8aintenance =enerator"or the table (See appendi$ to +now about able 8aintenance =enerator to maintain entries
through SAP able 8aintenance ransactions such as S8B2 and S8B:.
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"hoose Data%aseTa%le an+ type
),,E*P in thespace provi+e+.Then clic- the"reate %tton.
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(. Enter a short +escription orthe ta%le.'. Then0 enter 1"2 the Delivery"lass.3. inally0 selectDisplay/*aintenance Alloe+
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Step 4: De$t# enter the name o" the "irst "ield in the table. his will be the %mployee ' Dumber.>all this "ield %8PE'. Since this "ield is part o" the primary +ey o" this table (in "act# it is theonly"ield in the primary +ey o" this table# clic+ on the Fey attribute.
Hint: epending on your monitor and depending on the "ont you have selected in SAP# you maynot see very many "ields in the "ield de"inition area.
Hint: Dotice that names o" customer3created fieldsdo not have to begin with a Y or a Z. ;ieldsonly have meaning within the particular table "or which they are de"ined# and they are notindividual objects within the AAP ictionary. Dames o" customer3created tables# data elements#and domains# however# must begin with a Y or a Z. ables# data elements# and domains e$ist asindividual objects within the AAP ictionary.
Step 5: De$t# enter the data element "or this "ield. 'n this case# use a new data element calledYXX%8PE'. 7nce you have entered the data element name# double3clic+ on the name o" thedata element.
Step 6: ouble3clic+ing on the name o" the data element brings up the >reate ata %lement
dialog bo$. >lic+ the green chec+ mar+ to indicate that you wish to continue creating the dataelement.
Step 7: De$t# you see the data element de"inition tab. %nter a short te$t. his will appearbeside the name o" the "ield on the table de"inition screen. hen# enter YXX%8P' as thedomain name.
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Enter the irst iel+ name E*P89D.Then clic- on the #ey attri%te.
Enter the name o the +ataelement )XXE*P9D. Then+o%le;clic- on the name othe +ata element
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Step
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Step =: De$t# double3clic+ on the name o" the domainthat you entered in Step G. >lic+ thegreen chec+ mar+ in the >reate omain dialog bo$ that appears.
Step (>: %nter a short te$t# and a data type and length "or the domain. You may see the variousdata types available by hitting ;C in the ata type "ield. ;or this domain# use type >5AH andlength :2.
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Enter iel+s2la%els: short0me+im0 an+ lon0an+ a hea+er la%el
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Step ((: Dow you are ready to activate your domain. >lic+ the activation symbol on theapplication toolbar. You will be prompted to enter a pac+age and a change re4uest. A"ter thedomain is activated# you will see a message at the bottom o" the screen# and the status o" thedomain change to /Active0 and /Saved0.
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Enter a shorttext0 +ata type0an+ a iel+lenth
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Hint: AAP ictionary 7bjects must be activated be"ore they are visible to other objects in thesystem. A"ter you ma+e changes to a dictionary object# you must re3activate it. A commonmista+e is to revise an object and then "orget to re3activate it.
Step (': De$t# clic+ the green arrow to return to your data element. Dow that the domain hasbeen activated# you may activate the data element. >lic+ the activation symbol. %nter yourpac+age J change re4uest when prompted. You should see a message at the bottom o" thescreen saying that the data element was activated# and the status will change to /Active0 and/Saved0.
Step (3: >lic+ the green arrow to return to the table de"inition screen.
Hint: '" you are unable to complete your wor+ on a table in one sitting# save the table withoutactivating it (ma+e sure you are on the table de"inition screen. o return to the table later# go toyour pac+age. rill down through ictionary objects# and then ables# until you see the name o"your table. ouble3clic+ on the table name. his will bring you bac+ to the table de"inition screen.%nter change mode by clic+ing the isplayK3hange button on the toolbar. o add new "ields tothe table# clic+ the @Dew rows button. You may need to reduce the siLe o" your "ont in order "orthe "ield display to wor+ appropriately.
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Ater enterin aPac-ae ? a
chane re@est0the stats o the
+omain illchane.
"lic- the activationsym%ol
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Display ; "hane%tton
To a++ ne iel+s tothe ta%le clic- the1!e ros 1%tton.
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Step (4: >omplete the de"inition "or table YXX%8P by entering the "ollowing "ields# dataelements# and domains. You will create your own data elements "or each "ield. ;or some "ields#you will use pre3de"ined domains# and "or other "ields# you will create your own domains.
iel+ !ame Data Element Domain Type Centh&ASEDA8% YXX&DA8% >5AH19 pre3de"ined pre3de"ined;'HSEDA8% YXX;DA8% >5AH19 pre3de"ined pre3de"ined5&5EP&AD YXX5&5P&D YXX5&5P&D DN8> C
Note: he 5&5EP&AD "ield is to contain the ' o" the health plan the employee has selected.his "ield will eventually point to the YXX5%A&5 table.
Note: 'n reality# this table would contain more "ields than this. o save time# you are onlycreating these three "ields.
Step (5:>lic+ the activation symbol. %nter your Pac+age and >hange re4uest when prompted.
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Step (6: he 8aintain echnical Settings screen will appear. %nter @NS%H as the data classand @2 as the siLe category. Save the technical settings and clic+ the green arrow. You willreturn to the table de"inition screen# and the tables status will change to /Active0 and /Saved0.
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Secon+0 clic- the save icon.Then0 clic- the reen arro.
irst0 enter the +ataclass an+ sie cateory.
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SAP R/3 Release 4.7Exercises: The ABAP Dictionary SAP Development ABAP TraininQuestion 2: *hat does the data class control? *hat does a value o" @NS%H indicate?
Question 3: *hat does the siLe category control? 'n this case# what does a value o" @2represent?
Step (7: ;rom the table de"inition screen# clic+ the green arrow to return to the AAPictionary- 'nitial Screen.
Exercise '.' "reate A++itional Ta%les
>reate the YXX5%A&5# YXX57NH&Y# YXXSA&AH'%# and YXXPAHD%H tables. Nse the"ollowing "ields# data elements# and domains. he YOO57NH&Y# YOOSA&AH'%# andYOOPAHD%H tables will each have one entry "or every employee assigned to that particulartype o" earnings. %ach employee must belong to one and only one type o" earnings table. heYOO5%A&5 table has one entry "or each type o" health plan to which the employees could
belong.
9mportant !ote: As o SAP Release 4.6"0 yo may not have a ta%le an+ a +ata elementith the same name.
)XXEACT
iel+ !ame #ey
Data Element Domain Type Centh
P&ADE' O YXX5&5P&D YXX5&5P&D DN8> C%S>H YXX%S>H YXX%S>H >5AH I2
ADDEPH%8 YXXADDPH%8 YXXADDPH%8 %>
P&ADE' is the health plan '.%S>H is a description o" the health plan.
ADDEPH%8 is the annual premium "or belonging to this health plan.
)XX$FRC)
iel+ !ame #ey Data Element Domain Type Centh%8PE' O YXX%8P' YXX%8P' >5AH :257NHEHA% YXX57NHHA YXX57NHHA DN8> C
Even thoh type "FRR ol+ %e more appropriate or $FRC)8RAT0 the system illnot a+minister a chec- on the ixe+ vales that yo ill create in tre exercises. )oill learn ho to perorm necessary chec-s prorammatically in the next mo+le.%8PE' is the employee '.57NHEHA% is the hourly rate the employee is paid.
)XXSACAR9EDiel+ !ame #e
yData Element Domain Type Centh
%8PE' O YXX%8P' YXX%8P' >5AH :2SA&AHY YXXSA&AHY YXXSA&AHY %> I
%8PE' is the employee '.SA&AHY is the annual salary the employee is paid.
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)XXPART!ER
iel+ !ame #ey
Data Element Domain Type Centh
%8PE' O YXX%8P' YXX%8P' >5AH :2DN8ES5AH%S YXXDN8S5AH %>G pre3de"ined pre3de"ined
%8PE' is the employee '.DN8ES5AH%S is the number o" shares the partner owns.
Exercise '.3 Explicitly Cimit Gales or Domains
alid values "or domains can be restricted two ways- by e$plicitly listing (/hard3coding0 "i$edvalues in the domain itsel"# and by speci"ying a value table.
5ourly employees are always paid between Q9.22 and QB9.22 per hour. %$plicitly list thisrestriction in the domain "or the hourly rate.
Step (: ;rom SAP 'nitial Screen 3< =o to ools 3< AAP *or+bench 3< evelopment 3< AAPictionary (tcode- S%:: to go to the AAP ictionary 'nitial Screen.
Step ': >hoose omain and type YXX57NHHA in the space provided (replacingXXwith your13digit id.
Step 3: hen clic+ the >hange button.
Step 4: =o to the @alue range tab.
Step 5: %nter 9 as the lower limit and B9 as the upper limit. %nter a short te$t describing thelimit.
Step 6: >lic+ the Save icon to save your changes. hen clic+ the green arrow to return to theprimary domain de"inition screen.
Step 7: >lic+ the activation symbol to re3activate your domain.
Exercise '.4 Cimit a Domain2s Gales %y Fsin a Gale Ta%le
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SAP R/3 Release 4.7Exercises: The ABAP Dictionary SAP Development ABAP Traininhe only valid employee 's are the ones contains in the YXX%8P table. >hange theYXX%8P' domain so that the value table is listed as YXX%8P.
Step (: Proceed to the de"inition screen "or domain YXX%8P'. %nter change mode.
Step ': %nter YXX%8P as the value table in the space provided (about hal"way down thescreen.
Step 3: He3activate your domain.
Similarly# the only valid health plan 's are those that are listed in the YXX5%A&5 table.
Step 4: 8odi"y domain YXX5&5P&D so that the value table is YXX5%A&5. He3activate thedomain when you are "inished.
"hapter 3 Exercises
'n the previous e$ercises# you established the basic objects to be used "or a simpli"ied payrollprocessing system. 'n addition to establishing the tables# data elements# and domains# you alsoestablished value tables"or certain domains in order to ensure data integrity within the system.Dow you will ta+e this a step "urther by establishing appropriate "oreign +eys in the AAP
ictionary.
Exercise 3.( Esta%lish a orein #ey Relationship %eteen the )XXE*Pan+ the )XX$FRC) Ta%les
Step (:Proceed to the dictionary de"inition o" the YXX57NH&Y table. %nter change mode.
Step ': %stablish a "oreign +ey relationship to the YXX%8P table on the %8PE' "ield. e sureto speci"y the appropriate cardinality and "oreign +ey "ield type
Step 3: *hen you are "inished# re3activate the YXX57NH&Y table.
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Exercise 3.' Esta%lish orein #ey Relationships rom Ta%les)XXSACAR)0 )XXPART!ER0 an+ )XXE*P
Step (: %stablish the "ollowing "oreign +ey relationships-
rom: To:Ta%le iel+ Ta%le iel+
YXXSA&AH'% %8PE' YXX%8P %8PE'YXXPAHD%H %8PE' YXX%8P %8PE'YXX%8P 5&5EP&AD YXX5%A&5 P&ADE'
"hapter 4 Exercises
he purpose o" these e$ercises is to give you "amiliarity with manipulating e$isting tables# theirstructures# and their data.
Exercise 4.( Fse o the Ta%le "opy "apa%ility.
7"ten times you must create a table and there is already a similar table on the database. So whyreinvent the wheel? 'n the AAP *or+bench you can create a table then copy the elements o"another table into your new table. Additionally it is possible to copy complete tables and thenadd "ields.
Step (:;rom SAP 'nitial Screen 3< =o to ools 3< AAP *or+bench 3< evelopment 3< AAPictionary (tcode- S%:: to go to the AAP ictionary 'nitial Screen.
Step ': >hoose atabase table and type YXX%8P in the space provided (replacingXXwithyour 13digit id.
Step 3: >lic+ the >opy icon on the application toolbar. 'n the dialog bo$ that appears# enterYXX%8PE>P as the newtable name. hen clic+ the green chec+ mar+.
Step 4: %nter your pac+age and change re4uest when prompted.
Step 5: =o to S%:: again and open the newly created table YXX%8PE>P and activate it.
Question 1: o what pac+age does the SAP standard table FNDDH belongs?
Exercise 4.' "reatin 9n+exes
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Step (: 'n the employee table (YXX%8P# there is o"ten a need to access records by employeename. o improve the e""iciency o" this process# create a secondary inde$ on the last name and
"irst name "ields. (>reate one inde$ @DA8 that sort by last name# then by "irst name.
Exercise 4.3 A++in Data to )or Ta%le
;rom SAP 'nitial Screen go to Tools ;; ABAP Hor-%ench ;; $vervie ;; Data Broser(transaction S%: to add records to your health plan and employee tables.
Step (: >reate two "ictitious health plans. =ive them 's# names (descriptions# and annualpremiums.
Step ': >reate three "ictitious employees. 8a+e one a partner# one a salaried employee# andone an hourly employee. =ive each one o" them# appropriate pay in"ormation. (You will need to
access "our tables- YXX%8P# YXXPAHD%H# YXXSA&AH'%# and YXX57NH&Y.
Note: 't is also possible to add entries to a table by accessing the table through your pac+age.=o into the AAP ictionary- >hange ableRStructure ;ields screen and choose menu optionFtilities Ta%le contents "reate Entries.
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"hapter 5 Exercises
he e$ercises "or this chapter will "amiliariLe you with creating and using structures(tables o"type 'DA in SAP.
Exercise 5.( "reate an A++ress Strctre
Your employee table# YXX%8P# does not yet contain in"ormation about employees addresses.ecause address in"ormation is li+ely to be stored in several tables ("or e$ample# in customerand vendor tables as well as the employee table# you will create a structure to provide theappropriate "ield de"inition. hat structure can then be included into the employee table# as wellas into any other tables where it may be needed in the "uture.
Step (: >reate the structure YXXAH. ('n S%:: select radio button @ata ype and select@Structure in the popup that appears.
)XXADDR
iel+ !ame Data Element Domain Type CenthAH: YXXAH: >5AH92 Pre3de"ined Pre3de"inedAH1 YXXAH1 >5AH92 Pre3de"ined Pre3de"ined>'Y YXX>'Y >5AH92 Pre3de"ined Pre3de"inedH%='7D YXX%='7D >5AH:2 Pre3de"ined Pre3de"inedP7SE>7% YXXP7S> >5AH:9 Pre3de"ined Pre3de"ined>7NDHY &AD:E=P Pre3de"ined Pre3de"ined Pre3de"ined
AH: is the "irst line o" the address.AH1 is the second line o" the address.>'Y is the city.H%='7D is the province or state.P7SE>7% is the postal code.>7NDHY is the country.
Step ': Activate the structure
Step 3: 'nclude the structure YXXAH in the table YXX%8P. o not "orget to re3activatetable YXX%8P.
Exercise 5.' A++ Data to )XXE*P Fsin the Strctre
Step (: =o to transaction S%:.
Step ': %nter YXX%8P as the table name and clic+ the isplay push button on the toolbar.
Step 3: A selection screen appears. >lic+ the %$ecute push button on the toolbar (or hit ;Iwithoutentering any selection criteria.
Step 4: >hoose one o" your entries# and then clic+ the >hange push button on the toolbar.
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SAP R/3 Release 4.7Exercises: The ABAP Dictionary SAP Development ABAP TraininStep 5: Dotice that you now have additional "ields to enter the employees address. %nter anaddress# and then save your wor+.
"hapter 6 Exercises
he purpose o" these e$ercises is to give you e$perience using the AAP Hepository 'n"ormationSystem. his "acility can provide a great deal o" in"ormation on objects created and maintainedwithin SAP.
Exercise 6.( Researchin the Fniversity Data *o+el
SAP provides a sample data model called the Nniversity 8odel. >orresponding dictionaryobjects have also been created by SAP "or this data model.
Step (: >reate and print a list o" all tables in the university model. ables in this data model allhave names beginning with the letter N. heir delivery class is A.
Step ': >hoose one table "rom the result list "or Step :. ;or that table# "ind the list o" all "ields#domains# and data elements used in that table.
Exercise 6.' *iscellaneos Ieries
: Search "or all ta%lesbeginning with the string FDA.1 isplay "ield list "or ta%leFDA:.B isplay only FDA: iel+swith the string >ustomer in the short description.C isplay all iel+sin tables beginning with FDA# with >5AH data types# lengths less than 12#and >ustomer in the short description.
9 isplay all ta%les that uses the chec+ table NP%HS. isplay all search helpsthat begin with 8.G ;ind a DN8> +omaino" "ield length C# where the output length is di""erent than the "ieldlength.I ;ind all+ata elements that use domain DN8>C.
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Exercise 6.3 in+in Ta%les that are relate+ to $ne Another
Step (: 'n the customer master tables the country +ey is +ept in table FDA:. ;ind the tablewhere the country descriptionRname is +ept (e.g.# "or country +ey NS 33< Nnited States.
Note: his e$ercise is especially similar to the type o" research you may be re4uired to do on aproject.
Hints:: >oncentrate on the "oreign +ey relationship.1 Helated tables are o"ten named with the same base pre"i$ and a di""erent su""i$ (i.e.OOO# OOOA# OOO would all be related te$t tables.
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"hapter 7 Exercises
Exercise 7.( "hanin a Dictionary Strctre
Step (: Shorten the >ity "ield in your YXXAH structure. o do this# navigate to the YXX>'Ydata element. >hange the domain "rom >5AH92 to >5AH2.
Step ': He3activate the YXX>'Y data element. You may get a warning about the length o" theheader label. '" so# hit %nter to navigate past this warning.
Step 3: De$t you will see a warning that dependent tables may need to be converted. >lic+>ontinue.
Step 4: De$t you will see a log o" messages "rom the atabase Ntility. hese messages will tell
you that it was possible to success"ully alterRadjust the YXXAH structure and the YXX%8Ptable.
Exercise 7.' "hanin a Ta%le Type
Step (: >hange the type o" your table YXX%8PE>P "rom ransparent to Structure. You maydo this by selecting Extras -> Change table category"rom the menu in the table de"initionscreen (you must be in change mode. o not "orget to re3activate the object.
Exercise 7.3 *aintainin Gersions
>hoose one o" your transparent tables and maintain various versions o" the object. He"er to
>hapter I in your manual "or additional guidance. Hemember that only temporary versions o"active objects can be stored. here"ore# in order to have di""erent temporary versions# you willneed to : store a temporary version o" your active object# 1 change that active object andreactivate it# B then store another temporary version.
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"hapter < Exercises
Exercise hoose the type o" view care"ully. he re4uirement calls "or multiple tables to be included in theview. 8aintenance status is /H0 "or read3only. he tables you will need to use are NFNHS and
N;A>5.
Step ': Nsing the data that e$ists in the tables# test your view via one o" the "ollowing methods-
*etho+ (: Fse a simple ABAP proram.He"er to Appendi$ on view.
*etho+ ': Execte the Gie.
=o to S%:. =ive the name o" the view and clic+ on the table contents push button in theapplication toolbar.
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Exercise
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"hapter = Exercises
Exercise =.( "reatin Search elp
&ets assume your employee table is used in a transaction. 8ore than li+ely# you will need toenter the employee ' number rather than the employee name on a screen. You want to providethe user with the ability to search "or the appropriate employee ' based on the employee name.esign a search help to attach to the employee ' "ield.
Step (: >reate an elementary search help using the wor+bench. Dame your search helpYXXES%AH>5E5%&P. he selection method should be your employee table (YXX%8P.
Step ': 'ndicate the dialog type setting that will create a comple$ dialog where you can narrowyour search.
Step 3: Select the appropriate "ields so that your search help will return the employee ' basedon the speci"ied employee last or "irst name.
Step 4: &ist the %mployee ' and "ull name on this hit list.
Step 5: o not have %mployee ' appear on the comple$ dialog.
Step 6:Activate the search help.
Step 7:Attach the search help to your employee ' "ield in the YXX%8P table.
Step
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SAP R/3 Release 4.7Exercises: The ABAP Dictionary SAP Development ABAP Trainin
"hapter (> Exercises
Exercise (>.( "reate Data Element Docmentation
You will add documentation to your tables YXX%8P and YXX5%A&5. Pic+ a "ield "rom eachtable. (%.g. %8PE' "rom YOO%8P and P&ADE' "rom YXX5%A&5
Step (:8aintain the documentation "or the data elements. (%.g. YOO%8P' and YOO5&5P&D
Step ':8aintain supplemental documentation "or the data element. ;ollow instructions in>hapter :: o" your manual to create data element supplemental documentation.
Exercise (>.' "reate a Type Jrop
Step (: >reate a ype =roup YYXXin the AAP ictionary# which contains the "ields shownbelow. his type group will be used later in the e$ercises "or the programming portion o" thecourse.
ype =roup ;ield Dame ype &engthYYOO YYOOEPA>FG P G
YYOOEPA>FM P M (ecimals T 1
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