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AASHTO Research Advisory CommitteeJuly 24, 2012
Accelerating solutions for highway safety, renewal, reliability, and capacity
Innovation in Lean Times
A Brief History of SHRP 2• Role of special-purpose research
programs: focused, large-scale program of limited duration
• Success of first SHRP: Superpave, winter maintenance
• SHRP 2 proposed 2001; NCHRP with matching funds from FHWA develop detailed research plans
• SAFETEA-LU authorized the program• $218 million, 9 years, ends 3/31/15
SHRP 2 Origin & Philosophy• Needs identified by State DOT and industry
leaders—driven by customer-oriented goals:– Make highways safer: revolutionary change– Fix highways: address epidemic of aging
infrastructure– Reduce congestion: increase physical and
operational capacity
• Success requires non-traditional approach:– Multiple disciplines– Collaboration with non-DOT stakeholders– Portfolio: from new knowledge to practical tools
to allow existing innovations to be more widely used
Four Focus Areas• Safety: fielding the largest-ever naturalistic
driving study to reduce crashes and save lives through understanding driver behavior
• Renewal: making rapid, innovative construction possible for “ordinary” projects
• Reliability: Providing management and technical tools to reduce congestion through operations
• Capacity: Systematizing collaborative decision making to achieve better, faster project decisions
Program Governance• 50+ committees; 500+ members• Oversight Committee
– Chair: Kirk Steudle, Michigan DOT– Majority of members from state DOTs
• 4 Technical Coordinating Committees:– 46% current and recent state DOT employees– 11% other transportation agencies– 17% consultants, contractors, suppliers, auto mfrs, etc.– 10% federal, police, fire, other non-transportation– 16% researchers– Plus FHWA, AASHTO, and other liaisons
• ETGs/TETGs– Transportation and non-transportation expertise
Status of Research Program:The Numbers
• 106 contracts to date, 37 complete, 10-12 new contracts by end of 2012
• Nearly all of the $218 million is committed
• More than 500 expert committee members
• More than 300 research contractors
• 49 reports published or in production/review
• 30+ web tools, databases, software apps
• 24+ pilots conducted with state DOTs
Safety: Strategic Rationale
• Driver behavior is key:– Primary factor in two-thirds of crashes– Contributing factor in more than 90% of crashes– Hardest to study; the thing we know the least about
• Opportunity: Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS):– Miniaturized sensor technologies & increased
computing capacity: can observe real-world driving– Method proven with 100 car study at VA Tech– Crash, pre-crash, near-crash, and “normal” driving data
• SHRP 2 scales up NDS for more robust results– 3000 drivers, 6 sites, all ages– Data to be available for other researchers for decades
Camera Image Samples
8Source: VTTI
Safety Highlights• Progress on data collection:
– 2,122 participants so far– 384,000 trips; 5 veh-yrs of data per day– 3,100 center-line miles of roadway data– Approval to collect cell phone records and
“supplemental” data
• First four analysis projects begun
• Interest in using data from outside of SHRP 2 (FHWA, NHTSA, auto mfrs, academics, IIHS, AAA FTS, etc.)
10
Initial Analysis Projects
• Rural 2-lane curves – Iowa State University– Ex. App : more cost-effective roadway measures to
prevent crashes
• Offset left-turn bays – MRI Global– Ex. App: cost-effective intersection design
• Driver inattention – SAFER, Chalmers Univ.– Ex. App: vehicle technology to track driver attention,
warn distracted drivers
• Crashes on congested freeways – U. of MN– Ex. App: effective methods to warn drivers of
downstream congestion
Renewal: Strategic Rationale• Facilities are aging, users depend on them:
– Renew infrastructure quickly– Have minimal impact on users– Produce long-lasting facilities
• We know how to do this—on special projects
• What keeps us from doing it consistently across the system?– Lack of standard methods, specs– Lack of reliable performance/usage information– Human/institutional challenges
• SHRP 2 seeks to overcome these obstacles
Renewal Highlights• Vermont Transportation Agency piloting ABC
tools in repair of bridges damaged in Tropical Storm Irene—building local expertise
• Illinois Tollway saving $350,000 using a modular pavement technology & guidelines from SHRP 2
• WSDOT used SHRP 2 interactive design guide to select rehab strategy for segment of I-5: saved 30% on agency costs, 50% on user costs
• DOT/RR Community of Interest to share/update model agreements & best practices (7 SDOTs, 4 Class I RRs, AASHTO, Rail America, FHWA, FRA, and Manitoba Infrastructure Transportation)
Capacity tackles recurring congestion
Reliability tackles nonrecurring congestion
Reliability & Capacity
Reliability Strategic Rationale• Non-recurring events account for more than
half of congestion– Impact of these events on users is reduced travel
time reliability (TTR)– TTR is valuable to users– TTR is a good tool to measure performance and
develop and target improvements
• What do we need to effectively use TTR?– Ways to measure and monitor TTR– Integration of TTR into modeling, planning,
programming, and design.– Ops-oriented business practices, training
Reliability Highlights • Multi-agency incident response training very
well-received; FHWA using SHRP 2 material in an effort to train 1 million responders
• Assessment tool and guide to becoming an operation-oriented agency has been incorporated into AASHTO SSOM web tool.
• Special session at AASHTO Board of Directors on benefits of operations and availability of resources for states
• Easy-to-use spreadsheet to assess effect of design on delay and TTR, including benefit/cost
Capacity Strategic Rationale
• Sometimes you just need more highway• Why don’t we get it when we need it?
– Multiple independent decision points that must collectively satisfy a range of goals: engineering, economic, environmental, community
– Decisions to be “lost” or revisited, which can cause opposition and delay
• Facilitate and expedite key decisions: get the right information to the right people at the right time, avoid re-do loops
Capacity Highlights
• 8 pilot tests of tools in real projects:– Web tool-guide for collaborative decision-making– Integrated approach to resource conservation,
impact mitigation, expedited project delivery
• Building foundation in freight area: – Demand modeling & data improvement strategic
plan– Workshop on potential uses of private supply
chain data– 2 modeling & data innovations symposia, awards
Research to Implementation
18
Research Development Implementation
Development requires close collaboration with users to ensure that innovations work in
real-world situations.