Aalborg Universitet

Land management and development

Enemark, Stig

Published in:European professional qualifications in geodetic surveying

Publication date:2006

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Link to publication from Aalborg University

Citation for published version (APA):Enemark, S. (2006). Land management and development. In V. Slaboch, & J-Y. Pirlot (Eds.), Europeanprofessional qualifications in geodetic surveying: proceedings (pp. 51-63). The Council of European GeodeticSurveyors (CLGE) + Research Institute of Geodesy, Topography and Cartography (VUGTK). VUGTK, No. 39,Vol.. 52 http://www.vugtk.cz/CLGE/seminar_brussels_2005/index.php

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Land Managementand Development

Prof. Stig EnemarkAalborg University, Denmark

CLGE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2005EUROPEAN PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS IN SURVEYING

BRUSSELS, 1-2 DECEMBER 2005

The Message

• The Land Management paradigm iscomplex and highly interdisciplinary.This paper attempts to build an overallunderstanding.

• Land and property must be viewed asan asset and a scarce naturalresource. Proper management of landand properties is vital to achievingsustainable development.

• There is a need for institutionaldevelopment to establish sustainablenational concepts in this area. Thisincludes the adoption of a holisticapproach to land management.

• This calls for increased internationalco-operation towards enhancededucational and professionalstandards.

You do not own land itself, but the right to use the land inconformity with community laws, practices and expectations

Responsibilities

Rights

Restrictions

Interests in land

Land is the most important and basic asset of any country

The Land Management Paradigm

Land Management is the processes by which the resources of land are put into good effect.

E-Government E-Citizenship

Hernando de Soto - 1993

The increasing role of property rights

”Civilised living in market economiesis not simply due to greater prosperitybut to the order that formalised property rights bring”

Importance of Land and Property

• Security,• Social stability,• Credit,• Improvements to land,• Productivity,• Liquidity,• Labour mobility,

• Land and propertyvalues,

• Land and propertytaxation,

• Public services,• Resource

Management, and• Social development

Source: Land Administration (Peter Dale and John McLaughlin)

(Land Tenure)(Land Tenure)

(Land Values)(Land Values)

Ministry for Finance

Legal professionMinistry for Justice

Banks and FinancialInstitutions

(Land Use)(Land Use)

Ministry for Planning,Development and

Environment

Ministry forAgriculture and

Forestry

Property Systems: Tenure, Value and Use

Cadastral Systems – the basic building block

Cadastral Systems is about identification of land parcels for the purpose ofsecuring land rights, assessing land values/taxation, and controlling the use of land.

Land Registration Systems around the World

Deeds System (French): A register of owners; the transaction is recorded – not the title.Title System (German, English, Torrens): A register of properties; the title is recorded and guarantied.

What is a good property system ?

• People in general can participate in the land market;widespread ownership; everybody can maketransactions and have access to registration

• The infrastructure supporting transactions must besimple, fast, cheap, reliable, and free of corruption.

• The system provides safety for housing and business,and for capital formation

Only 25-30 countries in the worldapply to these criteria.

Land Administration Systems

Land Administration Systems are concerned with the four land administrationfunctions of land tenure, land value, land-use and land development.

• Technology development- GPS, GIS, Internet

• Micro-economic reform- privatisation, decentralisation, downsizing, quality assurance

• Globalisation- from local to global - events in one part of the world impact on people in other parts of the world

• Sustainable development - developments that effectively incorporates economic, social and environmental concerns in decision-making- meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

The Global Drivers

The Spatial Information Infrastructure

The Public Information Server

The Map Service

The Web-Cadastre

The Planning Information Service

County Administration Web ServiceShowing the various land-use restrictions

The Municipal Web ServiceDifferent kind of maps, plans, and GIS analysis

Services toBusiness &

Citizens

Services toBusiness &

Citizens

Country ContextInstitutional Arrangements

Capacity BuildingEducation & Research

Country ContextInstitutional Arrangements

Capacity BuildingEducation & Research

FacilitatingSustainable Development

Economic, Social, Environmental, GovernanceEnhancing Quality of Life

FacilitatingSustainable Development

Economic, Social, Environmental, GovernanceEnhancing Quality of Life

Land PolicyFrameworkLand PolicyFramework

Spatially EnabledSpatially EnabledLand AdministrationLand Administration

Land Tenure, Land Value,Land Use, Land Development

A Land Management Vision

Capacity Development

In many countries, the national capacity to manageland rights, restrictions, and responsibilities is notwell developed in terms of mature institutions and thenecessary human resources and skills.

This calls for increased international co-operation toface the challenges of the future:

The educational, professional, and institutionalchallenge.

The Educational Challenge …

…The Educational Challenge

The profile of the educationalprogrammes should be composed ofthe areas of Measurement Scienceand Land Management supported bya strong paradigm of spatialinformation management.

The length of the surveying coursesmust reflect the need for establishingprofessional as well academic skillswithin this broad area.

A four-year course is assessed asthe minimum and a five year courseis recommended

.

Professional structures must reflect the new land management paradigm

National associations will have to develop structures that accommodate a modern interdisciplinary profile.

This includes adoption of ethical principles and model codes of professional conduct suitable for performing this modern role.

Public-private partnerships must be promoted to support sustainable development

The Professional Challenge …

Develop in-country self assessment procedures to identify institutional capacity needs

Promote adoption of comprehensive land policiesand a holistic approach to land management

Establish a clear split of duties and responsibilities between national and local government based on the principles of good governance

Promote the understanding of land management as a highly interdisciplinary paradigm

Promote the need for an interdisciplinary approach to surveying education

Establish strong professional bodies Promote the need for CPD activities

…The Institutional Challenge - recommendations

Final Remarks

• Land and property must be viewed as anasset and as a scarce natural resource.Proper management of land and properties isvital to achieving sustainable development.

• There is a need for institutional developmentto establish sustainable national concepts inthis area. This includes the adoption of aholistic approach to land management thatcombines the land administration functionswith the land policies and land informationinfrastructures.

• The debate should be aware of the globaltrends in this area, while still recognising thatthe design of such systems will always becountry unique. This calls for increasedinternational co-operation towards enhancededucational and professional standards.

Thanksfor yourattention