Aadil Amin KakNazima Mehdi

Aadil Ahmad LawayeFeroz Ahmad Lone

Department of LinguisticsUniversity of Kashmir

IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction

� Dictionary describes the meaning ofwords, often illustrating how they arepronounced and used in context.Modern dictionaries often includeModern dictionaries often includeinformation about spelling, etymology,usage, synonyms and grammar, andsome may include illustrations as well.

� There are different types of dictionaries viz: � Simple� Sense based� Synset based and so on,� Apart from being monolingual or

multilingual which can be used for WSD.multilingual which can be used for WSD.Here the main emphasis will be on sensebased dictionary as the present paperfocuses on developing a maximized sense-based English-Hindi-Kashmiri e-dictionary(concept based).

� A sense based dictionary includes all thepossible senses that a word can havedepending upon the function of aparticular word in a particular context.particular word in a particular context.

Scripts used for DictionaryScripts used for DictionaryScripts used for DictionaryScripts used for DictionaryScripts used for DictionaryScripts used for DictionaryScripts used for DictionaryScripts used for Dictionary

� The paper in question revolves aroundthe building of a trilingual English-Hindi-Kashmiri sense-based online dictionary.

� The dictionary incorporates three scriptsviz:

� The Roman script for English� The Roman script for English� The Devanagari script for Hindi� And the modified Persio-Arabic script for

Kashmiri.

Conceptual Diagram

DatabaseData Entry

Tool

Lexicographers

Website

Users

DatabaseData Entry

Tool

Lexicographers

Website

Users

Temporary

Database

Administrator

Temporary

Database

Administrator

Conceptual Diagram of e-Dictionary

Schema of the DatabaseSchema of the DatabaseSchema of the DatabaseSchema of the DatabaseSchema of the DatabaseSchema of the DatabaseSchema of the DatabaseSchema of the Database

Name Type

Dic_id Integer

Sense_id Integer

Head_Word String

Lex_cat StringLex_cat String

English_Example String

Meaning_Kashmiri String

Kashmiri_Example String

Hindi_Meaning String

Example_Hindi String

� Each entry of the dictionary has a‘Dic_id’ and ‘Sense_id’ as a Primary key.Each head word has different senseswhich are differentiated by thewhich are differentiated by the‘Sense_id’. For example, the word‘metal’ has two senses i.e. it can be anoun or an adjective, the representationof the same word is shown in thefollowing tables:

Dic_id 136

Sense_id 1

Head Word Metal

Lex_Cat Noun

English_Example Metals are good conductors of electricity.English_Example Metals are good conductors of electricity.

Kashmiri_Meaning دا��Kashmiri_Example ���� �ِ��ِ��� ��ٕدُ�� ُ�ہ لٗ◌ و ��ٕ���ن �۪� ہ�ہ و

��ام۔ �"�!Hindi_Meaning धातुHindi_Example लोहा एक ठोस धातु है

Dic_id 136

Sense_id 2

Lex_Cat ADJECTIVE

Sense Word Metallic

English_Example She owns a metallic grey car.

Kashmiri_Meaning Kashmiri_Meaningوٚ◌ ہ� داُ�&،دا�� وٚ◌ ہ� داُ�&،دا��Kashmiri_Example َ���ُ�,۔ دا�+& ُ*� ُ(�ل �)�' �ٕہHindi_Meaning धातु का

Hindi_Example सीम�ट ठोस होने पर धातु सा ठोस हो जाता है

Development of tool for entering Development of tool for entering Development of tool for entering Development of tool for entering

and modifying recordsand modifying recordsand modifying recordsand modifying recordsand modifying recordsand modifying recordsand modifying recordsand modifying records

To make the required modifications, a toolwas developed in Java.

� Adding new records.� Insertion of equivalent Kashmiri words.� Insertion of equivalent Kashmiri words.� Updating existing records.� Deleting invalid records.

WebsiteWebsiteWebsiteWebsiteWebsiteWebsiteWebsiteWebsite

� A website has been developed for users to get theaccess to e-dictionary. The website has beendeveloped by using PHP and JavaScript.

� The website developed so far has three languages inuse viz English, Hindi and Kashmiri. and the problemwas how to display and store the Kashmiri languageas there was no Kashmiri Unicode based fontdeveloped so far. And this issue was resolved bydeveloping a Unicode based font for Kashmiri. Anddeveloping a Unicode based font for Kashmiri. Andthen the issue was how to display Kashmiri languageon webpage because the font developed is notreleased yet. This issue was resolved by embeddingfont in the website so there is no need to downloadthe font to view the Kashmiri text.

� The E-K-H e-Dictionary developed is available online ww.kashmirizaban.com. Presently, the Dictionary contains approx. 12,000 entries. approx. 12,000 entries.

� For using the Dictionary, users are alsoprovided with the on screen Kashmirikey board for inputting Kashmiri. Screenshot of which is given belowshot of which is given below

� The trilingual E-K-H e-Dictionary isprovided with the option of adding newwords to it, to make it as rich aspossible.possible.

ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion

� The present paper discussed the overallmaking of an e-dictionary and someissues related to it but further work isrequired to extend this work. Once thisrequired to extend this work. Once thisset begins to grow in size, it should bepossible to apply it in the analysis of thesyntax/semantics interface.