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Aadhaar: A Platform for e-participation, inclusion,
empowerment and service delivery
Government of Jharkhand (India)
www.jharkhand.gov.in
Geneva, 24th July 2013
Agenda
• India and Context of Unique IDs
• Features of UIDs (Aadhaar) and its implementation
• Service Delivery Potential of Aadhaar
• A platform for e-participation, inclusion and service delivery
• Some areas of applications
India: Some facts
• Area : 1/3rd the size of US, 1.27 mn. Sq. kms
• Population: more than 1.2 billion, 30% urban, 70% rural, 6,00,000 villages
• Largest democracy in the World. Federal System. Grass-root democracy at village level
• 26 official languages, about 1000 dialects, diverse country- multi-religious, multi-cultural
• Internet users: about 150 million - 12% of population
• 900 million mobile connections, increasing @ 10 million per month
• Literacy rate in India is 74%
Context of UIDs in India
• Provision of a robust and reusable ID, especially to those who do not have one
• To clean up existing databases through Uniqueness : No duplicates or fakes
• Improve Targeting and Delivery of Services
• Reducing the cost of Services’ Delivery
Features of Aadhaar
• 12 digit random number 1234-5678-9012
• Minimal Information: Name, Age, Gender and Address
• Universal – all residents including children
• Uniqueness ensured through technology
• No guarantees to right, title or entitlements
• Ensures privacy: No data downloads
• Built on an open source stack
• Online Authentication : multiple factors – OTP, FP, Iris
Aadhaar : An Online Authenticable ID
• Aadhaar is a pure ID (with no eligibility attributes) issued by the Government to all residents
• Identity platform for leverage by multiple applications
• Inter-operability is not an after-thought
• Portable Online ID can be used for Authentication anytime, anywhere
• As it is token-less and online, no fake IDs
• Authentication on basis of ‘who you are(biometrics) or what you know (OTP )’
• Provides usage audit trail
Name Address Gender Date of birth
1 person1 number
How UIDs are made
Photo
Both
iris
10 finger-
prints
UIDAI will issue unique IDs …
Property of UIDAI - Highly confidential 8
UID = 1568 3647 4958 6218
UID Unique number Random number
Basic demographic data and
biometrics stored centrally
Central UID database
Standardized identity attributes
No duplicates(1:N check)
Flexibility to partners on Know
Your Resident (KYR)+
Name
Parents
Gender
DoB
PoB
Address
… and authenticate IDs online, real-time
9
UID = 1568 3647 4958 6218
Central UID database
1:1 check, no ID fraud
Only YES/NO response, no details – no invasion of privacy
Person can see self-details, no one else can
Authentication - ‘Are you
who you claim to be?’
Universal ID, valid all India
Interoperable platform for multiple
applications
Identity verifiable through mobile and
online
Anywhere authentication through demographics,
biometrics, or OTP
Only one number per person
6654 3212 9087
Can be linked to a bank a/c numbers,
mobile numbers, and other identifiers
Aadhaar : A flexible, national infrastructure
Implementation Status
• About 440 million enrolled
• UIDs @ 1 million per-day
• A large eco-system of Registrars, Enrolment Agencies, Operators, Device Manufacturers/Suppliers, Certification Agencies and Operators developed
• Direct Benefit Transfer scheme operational for various subsidy and Social safety programs
Enrolment Kit
1 2
3
4 5 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Item-wise description
Laptop with enrolment client
2nd monitor for live data verification by resident
Camera for photo capture
Iris scanner
Fingerprint slap scanner
Enrolment kit box
www.uidai.gov.in
Service Delivery Potential of Aadhaar Number
• Uniqueness and Existence ensures no fakes or duplicates
• Uniqueness ensures breaking of database silos
• As a sufficient KYC for multiple services : Bank accounts, Financial inclusions, Mobile Connections, Social Assistance Programs
• Identity platform for various domains
• Can work as a Universal Communication Address for a person
Service Delivery potential of Authentication
• All transactions start with proving your identity
• Aadhaar online authentication provides a common platform which can be used across all applications.
• Entitlements should reach the intended beneficiary – non-transferability can be ensured by authentication at the point of service delivery
• Many domains will be able to use as a proof of presence for the beneficiary
Aadhaar Authentication
• Authentication will enable Improvements in cost, efficiency and transparency in service delivery
– Tracking end to end service delivery process
– Move service delivery towards a demand driven, beneficiary led system
– Strengthen existing accountability/vigilance procedures
– Access to relevant MIS and empowerment of beneficiaries
E-Participation in India
• E-Participation remains confined to English speaking, IT Savvy middle and upper middle class
• Digital Exclusion is a serious problem –mobile is most important enabler
• Community driven approach for infra, programs, services
• Include, empower, deliver – some of the pre-requisites for e-participation
Supporting infrastructure/initiatives
• 900 million mobiles
• SMS gateways, e-payment gateways
• India.gov.in, State portals
• State Data Centres
• Common Service Centres
• State Wide-area networks
• Mobile Service Delivery Gateways
• Business Correspondent
E-Participation, Inclusion and Service Delivery Platform
• Unique ID to everyone and National Authentication Infrastructure provides a platform for e-participation, inclusion and service delivery. This platform is
– Scalable
– Online
– Inter-operable
– Light-weight at the last mile
– Transactional capabilities to every resident
– Provides traceability of transactions
– Financial Inclusion is a major application
– Enables portability in applications
Some initial Applications
• Banking and DBT
• Food Security implementation
• Electronic KYC
• Social Security Pensions, Scholarships and other benefit deliveries
• Enhancement of security of applications – ID impersonations can be eliminated
• E-Voting, opinions, surveys, attendance
Conclusion • Aadhaar is a project with the objectives of enabling
participation, inclusion, empowerment and access to people.
• Aadhaar has been designed as an online Service Delivery Platform to make these deliveries cost effective, more accountable, transparent and to reduce last-mile leakages. Authentication enables achievement of all these objectives
• We believe that it will fundamentally transform the way we interact with our people and deliver services to them.
• It is an open platform to application builders to build applications which are more participative, authenticable and cost-effective.