DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 386 698CS 012 256

AUTHOR Pollock, John S.TITLE Early Literacy Reading Program 1994-95. Final

Evaluation Report. Elementary and Secondary EducationAct--Chapter 1/Disadvantaged Pupil Program Fund.

INSTITUTION Columbus Public Schools, OH. Dept. of ProgramEvaluation.

PUB DATE 95NOTE 51p.: For 1992-93 report, see ED 375 376.PUP TYPE Reports Evaluative/Feasibility (142)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS *Beginning Reading; *Early Intervention; Elementary

School Students; Grade 1; Grade 2; *High RiskStudents; *Instructional Effectivenes,7; Outcome BasedEducation; Parent Participation; Primary Education;Program Effectiveness; *Reading Instruction; *ReadingPrograms; Reading Research; Urban Education; WritingInstruction

IDENTIFIERS Columbus Public Schools OH; Education ConsolidationImprovement Act Chapter 1; *Emergent Literacy

ABSTRACT

A study evaluated the Early Literacy program thatserved 2,332 underachieving pupils in grades 1 (1,842) and 2 (490) inthe Columbus, Ohio, public schools. These students appeared unlikelyto learn to read successfully without additional reading instruction.The program featured small group instruction each day for 40-45minutes on reading and writing activities. A major part of theevaluation effort was accomplished through the administration of theMetropolitan Achievement Tests. Results indicated that: (1) 77.37. ofa treatment group of 1,521 pupils displayed over time each of 3strategic processing behaviors (constructing meaning, monitoringreading, and integrating sources of information; (2) of,the 1,479treatment group pupils with available retention data, 1,376 (93%)were promoted; (3) 755 (65.1%) grade 1 pupils read 5 or more books atlevel 8 or above and 208 (86.37.) grade 2 pupils independently read atleast 10 books; (4) 204 (77.6%) pupils of 263 grade 2 students hadnormal curve equivalent (NCE) gains of 2.0 or more in Total Reading,with discontinued pupils having an average gain cf 8.34 NCEs and notdiscontinued pupils showing greater improvement than did notdiscontinued pupils; and (5) 2,014 different parents or guardianswere involved in the program, and 4,249 contacts were made by theseindividuals. Findings suggest continuation of the program withconsideration given to 6 areas of concern. (Contains 15 figures ofdata.) (RS)

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from the original document. *

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aS o

/),

Cto

Ele

men

tary

and

Sec

onda

ryE

duca

tion

Act

- C

hapt

er 1

/D

isad

vant

aged

Pup

ilP

rogr

am F

und

FIN

AL

EV

ALU

AT

ION

RE

PO

RT

1994

-95

EA

RLY

LIT

ER

AC

YR

EA

DIN

GP

RO

GR

AM

PE

RM

ISS

ION

TO

RE

PR

OID

uCE

TH

ISM

A1E

RIA

L H

AS

BE

EN

6R

AN

TE

D B

Y

-1T

1b.)

TO

TH

E E

DU

CA

T.O

NA

L :-

4F5O

UR

CE

SIN

FO

RM

AnI

oN F

NE

R E

Rc:

Writ

ten

by:

John

S. P

ollo

ck,

Pro

fess

iona

l Spe

cial

ist

Und

er th

e S

uper

visi

on o

f:

E. J

ane

Will

iam

s, P

h.D

.

Dat

aA

naly

sis

by:

Kat

hy M

orga

n,P

rofe

ssio

nal S

peci

alis

t

Und

er th

e S

uper

visi

on o

f:

iiich

ard

A. A

mor

ose,

Ph.

D

Col

umbu

s (O

hio)

Pub

lic S

choo

lsD

epar

tmen

t of P

rogr

am E

valu

atio

nG

ary

Tho

mps

on, P

h.D

., D

irect

or

U 3

. DE

PA

RT

ME

NT

OF

ED

UC

AT

.ON

OP

K. o

t Edu

cata

ynal

RO

Sel

l,Ch

and

Impr

ovem

ent

ED

UC

AT

ION

AL

RE

SO

UR

CE

S IN

FO

RM

AT

ION

CE

NT

ER

(E

RIC

)

tlyft.

.:mdo

cum

ent h

as b

een

repr

oduc

ed a

sre

ceiv

ed Ir

on+

the

pois

on O

r or

gani

zatio

nO

ngin

atin

g 11

0 M

inor

cha

nges

hav

e P

een

mad

* to

Impr

ove

repr

oduc

tion

Qua

lity

Poi

nts

of v

w o

r O

prni

ons

stat

ed in

this

doc

u-m

ent d

o no

t nec

essa

rily

repr

esen

t Oliv

etO

ET

II po

sdan

or

polic

y

rho

Col

umbu

s C

ity S

choo

l (M

stric

tdo

es n

ot d

iscr

imln

ata

baca

uss

ofre

c., c

olor

, nat

iona

l orig

in, r

allg

lon,

sax

or h

andi

cap

with

war

dto

adm

issi

on, a

ccos

ts, t

raat

man

t or

ampl

oym

ant.

Thi

s po

licy

isep

plka

bla

in a

ll di

stric

t pro

gram

s an

dec

tiviti

as.

BE

ST

CO

PY

AV

AIL

AB

LE

Ele

men

tary

and

Sec

onda

ry E

duca

tion

Act

Cha

pter

1/

Dis

adva

ntag

ed P

upil

Pro

gram

Fun

d

FIN

AL

EV

ALU

AT

ION

RE

PO

RT

EA

RLY

LIT

ER

AC

Y R

EA

DIN

G P

RO

GR

AM

1994

-95

Exe

cutiv

e S

umm

ary

Pro

gram

Des

crip

tion:

The

Ear

ly L

itera

cy p

rogr

am s

erve

d 23

32 p

upils

in g

rade

s 1

(184

2)an

d 2

(490

). F

undi

ng fo

r th

e pr

ogra

m w

as p

rovi

ded

thro

ugh

a co

mbi

natio

n

of s

ourc

es: E

lem

enta

ry a

nd S

econ

dary

Edu

catio

n (E

SE

A)

-C

hapt

er 1

, Dis

adva

ntag

ed P

upil

Pro

gram

Fun

d (D

PP

F),

and

Col

umbu

s P

ublic

Sch

ools

' gen

eral

fund

mon

ies.

The

pur

pose

of t

he E

arly

Lite

racy

pro

gram

was

to p

rovi

de e

arly

inte

rven

tion

toun

dera

chie

ving

firs

t- a

nd s

econ

d-gr

ade

pupi

ls w

ho a

ppea

red

unlik

ely

to le

arn

to r

ead

succ

essf

ully

with

out a

dditi

onal

rea

ding

inst

ruct

ion.

The

pro

gram

feat

ured

sm

all g

roup

inst

ruct

ion

for

first

- or

sec

ond-

grad

e pu

pils

for

40-4

5 m

inut

es d

aily

.

Dur

ing

1994

-95,

76

teac

hers

(35

.2 F

TE

s -

Ful

l Tim

e E

quiv

alen

ts)

serv

edpu

pils

in 5

6 sc

hool

s.

Tim

e In

terv

al: F

or e

valu

atio

n pu

rpos

es, t

he p

rogr

am s

tart

ed o

n S

epte

mbe

r 22

, 199

4.F

or e

valu

atio

n ba

sed

on s

tand

ardi

zed

test

dat

a (n

eede

d fo

r fe

dera

l and

sta

te

guid

elin

es),

the

time

inte

rval

end

ed M

arch

31,

199

5. T

his

prov

ided

a m

axim

um o

f 120

day

s of

inst

ruct

ion

for

grad

e 2.

An

addi

tiona

l 19

days

(th

roug

h M

ay 5

, 199

5)

wer

e in

clud

ed in

the

time

inte

rval

for

eval

uatin

g D

esire

dO

utco

mes

not

bas

ed o

n st

anda

rdiz

ed te

st d

ata.

Eac

h D

esire

d O

utco

me

had

a pu

pil a

ttend

ance

crit

erio

nof

atte

ndin

g 50

per

cent

of s

ched

uled

pro

gram

day

s fo

r in

clus

ion

in th

e ev

alua

tion

sam

ple

or tr

eatm

ent g

roup

.

Act

iviti

es: T

he E

arly

Lite

racy

pro

gram

teac

her

and

each

gro

up o

f pup

ils w

orke

d to

geth

er e

ach

day

on r

eadi

ng a

nd w

ritin

g ac

tiviti

es. T

he le

sson

s in

clud

ed r

eadi

ng to

the

pupi

ls, g

uide

d re

adin

g of

cha

rts

and

stor

ies,

sha

red

read

ing/

writ

ing

activ

ities

,in

depe

nden

t rea

ding

/writ

ing

activ

ities

, and

act

iviti

es d

esig

ned

to h

elp

pupi

ls a

ttend

mor

e cl

osel

y to

prin

t. T

he le

sson

s w

ere

tailo

red

tobu

ild o

n w

hat t

he p

upils

alre

ady

knew

whi

le s

tren

gthe

ning

a s

elf i

mpr

ovem

ent s

yste

mw

hich

wou

ld le

ad to

cont

inue

d gr

owth

.

Des

ired

Out

com

es; T

hree

des

ired

outc

omes

wer

e es

tabl

ishe

d fo

r th

e E

arly

Lite

racy

pro

gram

.F

irst,

at le

ast 5

0 pe

rcen

t of t

he p

upils

who

atte

nded

the

prog

ram

at

leas

t 50

perc

ent o

f the

trea

tmen

t per

iod

or w

ho w

ere

disc

ontin

ued

wou

ld d

ispl

ay o

ver

time

thre

e st

rate

gic

proc

essi

ng b

ehav

iors

- c

onst

ruct

s m

eani

ng, m

onito

rs

read

ing,

and

inte

grat

es s

ourc

es o

f inf

orm

atio

n. S

econ

d, a

t lea

st 7

5 pe

rcen

t of t

he p

upils

who

atte

nded

the

prog

ram

at l

east

50

perc

ent o

f the

trea

tman

t per

iod

or w

ho

wer

e di

scon

tinue

d w

ould

be

prom

oted

to th

e ne

xtgr

ade

leve

l. T

hird

, at l

east

50

perc

ent o

f the

gra

de 1

pup

ils w

ho a

ttend

ed th

e pr

ogra

m a

t lea

st 5

0 pe

rcen

tof

the

trea

tmen

t per

iod

or w

ho w

ere

disc

ontin

ued

wou

ld r

ead

at le

ast f

ive

book

s at

text

rea

ding

leve

l 8 o

r ab

ove;

and

at l

east

50

perc

ent o

f the

gra

de 2

pup

ils w

ho a

ttend

ed

the

prog

ram

at l

east

50

perc

ent o

f the

trea

tmen

t per

iod

and

who

wer

e no

t dis

cont

inue

dw

ould

inde

pend

ently

rea

d at

leas

t 10

book

s.

Eva

luat

ion

Des

ign:

In a

dditi

on to

the

thre

e de

sire

d ou

tcom

es, f

eder

al g

uide

lines

als

o re

quire

d th

at a

ggre

gate

test

data

be

repo

rted

for

pupi

ls in

gra

des

2 an

d ab

ove

for

indi

vidu

al b

uild

ings

for

Tot

al R

eadi

ng a

nd R

eadi

ng C

ompr

ehen

sion

(ag

greg

ate

for

build

ing

mus

tbe

gre

ater

than

or

equa

l to

2.0

NC

Es)

. Alth

ough

not

par

t of t

heev

alua

tion

desi

gn, p

aren

t inv

olve

men

t inf

orm

atio

n w

as a

lso

colle

cted

by

prog

ram

teac

hers

.

A m

ajor

par

t of t

he e

valu

atio

n ef

fort

was

to b

e ac

com

plis

hed

thro

ugh

the

adm

inis

trat

ion

of th

e M

etro

polit

an A

chie

vem

ent T

ests

, (M

AT

7, 1

992)

. Adm

inis

tere

d on

asp

ring-

sprin

g te

st c

ycle

, the

test

ser

ies

serv

ed a

s th

e pr

etes

t and

pos

ttest

for

grad

e 2

pupi

ls. T

he s

prin

gad

min

istr

atio

n to

gra

de 1

pup

ils s

erve

d as

the

pret

est f

orgr

ade

2. A

naly

ses

of th

e st

anda

rdiz

ed te

st d

ata

incl

uded

ave

rage

NC

E s

core

s an

d pr

etes

t-po

stte

stN

CE

gai

ns fo

r gr

ade

2. A

noth

er m

ajor

par

t of t

he e

valu

atio

nef

fort

was

to b

e ac

com

plis

hed

thro

ugh

the

colle

ctio

n of

dat

a, u

sing

loca

lly c

onst

ruct

ed in

stru

men

ts, o

npu

pil r

eadi

ng p

roce

ssin

g be

havi

ors

and

pupi

l ind

epen

dent

PA

P51

9TN

RP

EL9

59-

6-95

3:3

3 P

M4

read

ing.

Loca

lly c

onst

ruct

ed in

stru

men

ts w

ere

also

use

d to

col

lect

enr

ollm

ent/a

ttend

ance

and

par

ent i

nvol

vem

ent d

ata.

Dis

tric

t com

pute

r fil

es w

ere

used

for

rete

ntio

n da

ta.

Maj

or E

ndin

gs: T

he in

form

atio

n co

llect

ed a

t the

end

of t

he y

ear

(on

Pup

il D

ata

She

ets)

indi

cate

d th

e pr

ogra

m s

erve

d 23

32 p

upils

for

an a

vera

ge o

f3.

8 ho

urs

ofin

stru

ctio

n pe

r w

eek.

The

ave

rage

dai

ly m

embe

rshi

p in

tae

prog

ram

was

138

8.9

pupi

ls. T

he a

vera

ge d

ays

of e

nrol

lmen

t (da

ys s

ched

uled

) pe

r pu

pil w

as 8

2.8

days

and

the

aver

age

days

of a

ttend

ance

(da

ys s

erve

d) p

er p

upil

was

72.

3 da

ys.

The

233

2 pu

pils

ser

ved

wer

e cl

assi

fied

as e

ither

dis

cont

inue

d (4

79),

not

dis

cont

inue

d bu

t atte

nded

the

prog

ram

50

perc

ent o

f the

trea

tmen

t per

iod

(104

2), o

r ot

her

pupi

ls s

erve

d (8

11).

By

grad

e le

vel,

359

grad

e 1

pupi

ls w

ere

disc

ontin

ued

and

120

grad

e 2

pupi

ls w

ere

disc

ontin

ued.

Des

ired

Out

com

e 1

stat

ed th

at a

t lea

st 5

0 pe

rcen

t of t

he p

upils

in th

e tr

eatm

ent g

roup

(th

ose

who

met

the

atte

ndan

ce c

riter

ion

or w

ere

disc

ontin

ued

and

wer

eE

nglis

h-sp

eaki

ng)

wou

ld d

ispl

ay e

vide

nce

of e

ach

stra

tegi

c pr

oces

sing

beh

avio

r at

leas

t onc

e du

ring

the

trea

tmen

t per

iod

whe

n re

adin

g ap

prop

riate

inst

ruct

iona

l tex

tto

the

satis

fact

ion

of th

e pr

ogra

m te

ache

r. T

his

outc

ome

was

ach

ieve

d. O

f the

152

1 pu

pils

(11

60 g

rade

1 a

nd 3

61 g

rade

2)

in th

e tr

eatm

ent

grou

p, 1

176

pupi

ls(7

7.3%

) m

et th

e cr

iterio

n, in

clud

ing

869

(74.

9%)

grad

e 1

pupi

ls a

nd 3

07 (

85.0

%)

grad

e 2

pupi

ls.

Des

ired

Out

com

e 2

stat

ed th

at a

t lea

st 7

5 pe

rcen

t of p

upils

mee

ting

the

trea

tmen

t gro

up a

ttend

ance

crit

erio

n w

ould

be

prom

oted

to th

e ne

xt g

rade

leve

l.T

his

desi

red

outc

ome

was

met

at b

oth

grad

es 1

and

2.

Of t

he 1

521

trea

tmen

t gro

up p

upils

, ret

entio

n da

ta w

as a

vaila

ble

for

1479

pup

ils. O

f the

112

7 gr

ade

1 pu

pils

in th

istr

eatm

ent g

roup

, 92.

8% (

1046

pup

ils)

wer

e pr

omot

ed to

gra

de 2

and

of t

he 3

52 g

rade

2 p

upils

in th

is tr

eatm

ent g

roup

, 93.

8% (

330

pupi

ls)

wer

epr

omot

ed to

gra

de 3

.C

ombi

ning

the

two

grad

es, 9

3.0%

(13

76 p

upils

) of

the

1479

trea

tmen

t gro

up p

upils

wer

e pr

omot

ed to

the

next

gra

de le

vel.

Des

ired

Out

com

e 3

stat

ed th

at a

t lea

st 5

0 pe

rcen

t of g

rade

1 tr

eatm

ent g

roup

pup

ils w

ould

rea

d at

leas

t fiv

e bo

oks

at o

r ab

ove

text

read

ing

leve

l 8 a

s ce

rtifi

ed b

y th

epr

ogra

m te

ache

r an

d th

at a

t lea

st 5

0 pe

rcen

t of g

rade

2 tr

eatm

ent g

roup

pup

ils, w

ho w

ere

not d

isco

ntin

ued,

wou

ld in

depe

nden

tly r

ead

a m

inim

um o

f ten

book

sse

lect

ed b

y th

e pr

ogra

m te

ache

r. T

his

desi

red

outc

ome

was

met

at b

oth

grad

e le

vels

. Of t

he 1

160

grad

e 1

pupi

ls in

the

trea

tmen

t gro

up, 7

55(6

5.1%

) re

ad a

t lea

st 5

book

s at

text

rea

ding

leve

l 8 o

r ab

ove

and

of th

e 24

1 gr

ade

2 pu

pils

in th

e tr

eatm

ent g

roup

, 208

(86

.3%

) re

ad a

min

imum

of

10 b

ooks

. Com

bine

d, 6

8.7%

(96

3 pu

pils

)of

the

1401

trea

tmen

t gro

up p

upils

rea

d th

e ap

prop

riate

num

ber

of b

ooks

.

NC

E s

core

s fo

r T

otal

Rea

ding

for

the

263

grad

e 2

eval

uatio

n sa

mpl

e pu

pils

(88

dis

cont

inue

d an

d 17

5 no

t dis

cont

inue

d) in

dica

ted

that

204

pup

ils (

77.6

%)

had

anN

CE

gai

n of

2.0

or

mor

e. D

isco

ntin

ued

pupi

ls s

how

ed g

reat

er im

prov

emen

t tha

n di

d no

t dis

cont

inue

d pu

pils

, with

80.

7% (

71)

gain

ing

mor

e th

an 2

.0 N

CE

s, c

ompa

red

to 7

6.0%

(13

3) fo

r no

t dis

cont

inue

d pu

pils

. NC

E s

core

s fo

r R

eadi

ng C

ompr

ehen

sion

for

the

277

grad

e 2

eval

uatio

n sa

mpl

e pu

pils

(88

dis

cont

inue

d an

d 18

9 no

tdi

scon

tinue

d) s

how

ed th

at 2

26 p

upils

(81

.6%

) ha

d an

NC

E g

ain

of 2

.0 o

r m

ore.

Dis

cont

inue

d pu

pils

sho

wed

gre

ater

impr

ovem

ent t

han

did

not d

isco

ntin

ued

pupi

ls,

with

83.

0% (

73)

gain

ing

mor

e th

an 2

.0 N

CE

s, c

ompa

red

to 8

1.0%

(15

3) fo

r no

t dis

cont

inue

d pu

pils

.

Sta

ndar

dize

d te

stin

g al

so in

dica

ted

that

the

aver

age

Nor

mal

Cur

ve E

quiv

alen

t (N

CE

) ch

ange

in T

otal

Rea

ding

for

grad

e 2

pupi

ls (

263)

was

10.

39 N

CE

s, w

ithdi

scon

tinue

d pu

pils

(88

) ha

ving

an

aver

age

gain

of 1

1.60

NC

Es

and

not d

isco

ntin

ued

pupi

ls (

175)

hav

ing

an a

vera

ge g

ain

of 9

.79

NC

Es.

In R

eadi

ngC

ompr

ehen

sion

, gra

de 2

pup

ils (

277)

had

an

aver

age

NC

E g

ain

of 1

5.97

NC

Es,

with

dis

cont

inue

d pu

pils

(88

) ga

inin

g 19

.87

NC

Es

and

not d

isco

ntin

ued

pupi

ls (

189)

havi

ng a

gai

n of

14.

15 N

CE

s.

Par

ent i

nvol

vem

ent i

nfor

mat

ion

show

ed th

at 2

014

diffe

rent

par

ents

or

guar

dian

s w

ere

invo

lved

in th

e pr

ogra

m a

nd th

at 4

249

cont

acts

wer

e m

ade

by th

ese

indi

vidu

als.

The

152

1 tr

eatm

ent g

roup

pup

ils (

65.2

% o

f all

pupi

ls s

erve

d) r

epre

sent

ed 7

5.1%

(15

12)

of th

e to

tal n

umbe

r of

diff

eren

t par

ents

or

guar

dian

s in

volv

ed in

the

prog

ram

and

77.

9% (

3311

) of

the

tota

l con

tact

s m

ade.

P:N

P51

9 \F

NR

PE

L95

9-6-

95 3

:33

PM

Rec

omm

enda

tions

The

follo

win

g re

com

men

datio

ns a

re m

ade

to s

tren

gthe

n th

e19

95-9

6 T

itle

I Ear

ly L

itera

cy p

rogr

am:

1.In

gra

de 2

, the

text

book

s th

at te

ache

rs u

se w

ith p

upils

need

to b

e le

vele

d fo

r di

fficu

lty. L

evel

ing

of te

xtbo

oks

wou

ld p

rovi

de te

ache

rs w

ith a

gui

delin

e th

at

they

cou

ld u

se w

hen

cons

ider

ing

the

disc

ontin

uanc

e of

serv

ice

to a

pup

il. L

evel

ing

of te

xtbo

oks

wou

ld in

sure

that

a c

onsi

sten

t sta

ndar

d w

as b

eing

use

d

with

all

pupi

ls.

2.T

he p

roce

ss b

y w

hich

pup

ils a

re d

isco

ntin

ued

from

the

prog

ram

need

s to

be

re-e

xam

ined

. Pup

ils a

re to

be

disc

ontin

ued

from

the

rrog

ram

whe

n th

ey

reac

h th

e av

erag

e re

adin

g ab

ility

of t

heir

clas

sroo

m.

Ofte

n tim

es p

rogr

am te

ache

rs k

eep

pupi

ls in

the

prog

ram

too

long

afte

r th

ey h

ave

reac

hed

the

aver

age

leve

l of a

bilit

y fo

r th

eir

clas

sroo

m.

If pu

pils

are

kep

t too

long

in th

e pr

ogra

m, o

ther

pup

ils m

aybe

den

ied

serv

ice.

3.A

s in

crea

sed

pare

nt in

volv

emen

t is

rega

rded

as

one

ofth

e in

dica

tors

of e

ffect

ive

scho

ols,

eve

ry e

ffort

mus

t be

unde

rtak

en to

pro

mot

e pa

rent

al in

volv

emen

t

in th

e pr

ogra

m, e

spec

ially

in th

e ar

eas

of p

lann

ing,

ope

ratio

n,an

d ev

alua

tion.

4.T

he w

hole

lang

uage

inst

ruct

iona

l str

ateg

ies

and

tech

niqu

es u

sed

by p

rogr

am te

ache

rs n

eed

to b

e sh

ared

with

and

enh

ance

dby

the

regu

lar

clas

sroo

m

teac

her.

The

inst

ruct

ion

prov

ided

by

the

prog

ram

teac

her

and

byth

e re

gula

r cl

assr

oom

teac

her

mus

t com

plem

ent e

ach

othe

r.T

he a

cade

mic

ach

ieve

men

t

of p

upils

will

suf

fer

if th

ey r

ecei

ve m

ixed

mes

sage

s in

thei

rrea

ding

and

writ

ing

inst

ruct

ion.

Opp

ortu

nitie

s m

ust b

e m

ade

avai

labl

e fo

r pr

ogra

m te

ache

rs a

nd

regu

lar

clas

sroo

m te

ache

rs to

dev

elop

a c

onsi

sten

t who

le la

ngua

geba

sed

appr

oach

to in

ttruc

tion.

5.A

n on

-goi

ng p

roce

ss o

f site

vis

itatio

ns b

y th

e pr

ogra

mev

alua

tor

need

s to

be

cont

inue

d. T

hese

vis

its p

rovi

dein

valu

able

info

rmat

ion

for

the

prog

ram

eval

uato

r in

the

area

s of

con

tent

and

inst

ruct

ion

and

prov

ide

prog

ram

teac

hers

the

oppo

rtun

ity to

cla

rify

ques

tions

they

may

hav

e ab

out

eval

uatio

n

requ

irem

ents

and

rec

ord

keep

ing.

The

se v

isita

tions

als

o he

lp b

uild

a r

appo

rtbe

twee

n th

e pr

ogra

m te

ache

r an

d pr

ogra

m e

valu

ator

.

6.In

serv

ice

mee

tings

sho

uld

be c

ontin

ued

to p

rovi

de p

rogr

am te

ache

rsth

e op

port

unity

to e

nhan

ce th

eir

inst

ruct

iona

l int

erve

ntio

n sk

ills,

tosh

are

inst

ruct

iona

l

idea

s w

ith o

ne a

noth

er, a

nd to

cla

rify

any

conc

erns

or

mis

conc

eptio

nsth

ey m

ay h

ave

abou

t the

tota

l Ear

ly L

itera

cy p

rogr

am.

PA

P51

9\F

NR

PE

L95

9-79

5 9.

02 A

M

9

.....

:

.:14.

41:4

3410

;494

4,;P

$1,1

1

...

FIG

UR

E 1

Gra

de o

ne p

upils

wer

e se

rved

in 5

5 sc

hool

s an

d gr

ade

two

pupi

ls in

20

scho

ols.

elgr

dlvl

10

BE

ST C

OPY

AV

AIL

AB

L:

ii

2,50

0

NU

MB

ER

OF

PU

PIL

S

2,00

0 -

1,50

0 -

1,00

0 -

500 0

GR

AD

E 1

GR

AD

E 2

TO

TA

LS

FE

MA

LES

III80

121

61,

017

% F

EM

ALE

S43

.544

.143

.6

MA

LES

al1,

041

274

1,31

5

% M

ALE

S56

.555

.956

.4

TO

TA

LSri

1,84

249

02,

332

el94

95gn

fr12

FIG

UR

E 2

13

.............................................

100

PER

CE

NT

OF

PUPIL

S

80-

60

40-

GR

AD

E1

GR

AD

E2

TO

TA

LS

FE

MA

LES

801216

1,017

%F

EM

ALE

SE

43.544.1

43.6

MA

LES

1,041274

1,315

%M

ALE

S56.5

55.956.4

TO

TA

LS1,842

4902,332

14el9495gnpr

FIGU

RE

316

NU

MB

ER

OF

PU

PIL

S2,

500

2,00

0

1,50

0

1,00

0

500 0

BLA

CK

1,04

525

51,

300

% B

LAC

K56

.752

55.7

NO

NB

LAC

K 0

797

235

1,03

2

% N

ON

BLA

CK

43.3

4844

3

TO

TA

LSri

1,84

249

02,

332

It;F

IGU

RE

4N

onbl

ack

incl

udes

Asi

an, H

ispa

nic,

Nat

ive

Am

eric

an a

nd W

hite

pup

ils.

elra

cefr

PE

RC

EN

T O

F P

UP

ILS

GR

AD

E 1

GR

AD

E 2

TO

TA

LS

BLA

CK

% B

LAC

KE

l1,

045

56.7

255

52

1,30

055

.7

NO

NB

LAC

K79

723

51,

032

% N

ON

BLA

CK

43.3

48.4

4.3

TO

TA

LS1,

842

490

2,33

2

FIG

UR

E 5

Non

blac

k in

clud

es A

sian

, His

pani

c, N

ativ

eA

mer

ican

and

Whi

te p

upils

.el

race

pr

19

PER

CE

NT

OF

PUPI

LS

GR

AD

E 1

GR

AD

E 2

TO

TA

LS

FR

EE

% F

RE

Eri

1,54

984

.1

415

84.7

1,96

484

.2

RE

DU

CE

D68

3199

% R

ED

UC

ED

R3.

76.

34.

3

PA

YIN

G22

544

269

% P

AY

ING

n12

.29

11.5

TO

TA

LS1,

842

490

2,33

2

ellu

ncpr

22FI

GU

RE

723

......

....

::: .

V

4

a

IR

Is . S

. S

`, .

'

4 4 .1111V al

V ta

100

PE

RC

EN

T O

F P

UP

ILS

80 -

. ....

60 -

40 -

-

GR

AD

E 1

GR

AD

E 2

TO

TA

L

DIS

CO

NT

INU

ED

359

120

479

% D

ISC

ON

TIN

UE

DE

19.5

24.5

20.5

NO

T D

ISC

(50%

AT

D)

801

241

1,04

2

% N

OT

DIS

C(5

0% A

TD

)43

.549

.244

.7

OT

HE

RS

682

129

811

% O

TH

ER

S37

26.3

34.8

TO

TA

L1,

842

490

2,33

2

26el

disc

pr

FIG

UR

E 9

27

Ele

men

tary

and

Sec

onda

ry E

duca

tion

Act

- C

hapt

er 1

/D

isad

vant

aged

Pup

il P

rogr

am F

und

Fin

al E

valu

atio

n R

epor

t19

94-9

5

Ear

ly L

itera

cy R

eadi

ng P

rogr

am

Des

ired

Out

com

e 1

Res

ults

Des

ired

Out

com

e 1:

At l

east

50

perc

ent o

f the

pup

ils w

ho a

ttend

ed th

e pr

ogra

m a

t lea

st 5

0 pe

rcen

t of t

hetr

eatm

ent p

erio

d or

wer

e di

scon

tinue

d w

ill d

ispl

ay e

vide

nce

of e

ach

stra

tegi

c pr

oces

sing

beh

avio

r at

leas

t onc

edu

ring

the

trea

tmen

t per

iod

whe

n re

adin

g ap

prop

riate

inst

ruct

iona

l tex

t to

the

satis

fact

ion

of th

e C

hapt

er 1

teac

her.

The

follo

win

g ch

art (

Fig

ure

10)

pres

ents

the

anal

ysis

of t

he n

umbe

r an

d pe

rcen

t of p

upils

in th

e tr

eatm

ent g

roup

who

met

the

perf

orm

ance

crit

erio

n fo

r D

esire

d O

utco

me

1. T

he c

hart

indi

cate

s th

e gr

ade,

num

ber

of p

upils

in th

etr

eatm

ent g

roup

, num

ber

of p

upils

mee

ting

the

perf

orm

ance

crit

erio

n, a

nd th

e pe

rcen

t of p

upils

mee

ting

the

perf

orm

ance

crit

erio

n.

Sum

mar

y st

atem

ents

for

pupi

ls s

erve

d in

the

Ear

ly L

itera

cy p

rogr

am:

>O

f the

233

2 pu

pils

ser

ved,

152

1 (6

5.2%

) m

et a

crit

erio

n to

be

incl

uded

in th

e tr

eatm

ent g

roup

.>

Of t

he 1

160

grad

e 1

trea

tmen

t gro

up p

upils

, 869

(74

.9%

) m

et th

e pe

rfor

man

ce c

riter

ion

for

Des

ired

Out

com

e1

>O

f the

361

gra

de 2

trea

tmen

t gro

up p

upils

, 307

(85

.0%

) m

et th

e pe

rfor

man

ce c

riter

ion

for

Des

ired

Out

com

e 1.

>O

f the

152

1 to

tal t

reat

men

t gro

up p

upils

, 117

6 (7

7.3%

) m

et th

e pe

rfor

man

ce c

riter

ia fo

r D

esire

d O

utco

me

1in

dica

ting

the

desi

red

outc

ome

was

ach

ieve

d.

PA

P51

91F

NR

PE

1.95

9-7-

95 9

:02

AM

Gra

deG

rade

2T

OT

AL

No.

in T

reat

men

t D01

1,16

036

11,

521

No.

Mee

ting

DO

111

869

307

1,17

6

% M

eetin

g D

O1

1111

74.9

%85

.0%

77.3

%

FIG

UR

E 1

0O

f the

233

2 to

tal p

upils

ser

ved,

152

1 (6

5.2%

) m

et a

crit

erio

n of

be

incl

uded

inth

e tr

eatm

ent g

roup

.el

deso

t1lo

u31

Ele

men

tary

and

Sec

onda

ryE

duca

tion

Act

- C

hapt

er 1

/D

isad

vant

aged

Pup

il P

rogr

am F

und

Fin

al E

valu

atio

n R

epor

t19

94-9

5

Ear

ly L

itera

cyR

eadi

ng P

rogr

am

Des

ired

Out

com

e2

Res

ults

Des

ired

Out

com

e 2:

At l

east

75

perc

ent o

f the

pup

ilsw

ho a

ttend

ed th

e pr

ogra

m a

t lea

st50

per

cent

of t

he

trea

tmen

t per

iod

or w

ere

disc

ontin

ued

will

dem

onst

rate

satis

fact

ory

prog

ress

in th

e re

gula

rcl

assr

oom

as

dem

onst

rate

d by

pro

mot

ion

to th

e ne

xtgr

ade

leve

l.

The

follo

win

g ch

art (

Fig

ure

11)

pres

ents

the

anal

ysis

of t

he n

umbe

r an

d pe

rcen

tof

pup

ils in

the

trea

tmen

t gro

up

who

met

the

perf

orm

ance

crit

erio

nfo

r D

esire

d O

utco

me

2. T

he c

hart

indi

cate

s th

e gr

ade,

num

ber

of p

upils

in th

e

trea

tmen

t gro

up, n

umbe

r of

pupi

ls m

eetin

g th

e pe

rfor

man

cecr

iterio

n, a

nd th

e pe

rcen

t of p

upils

mee

ting

the

perf

orm

ance

crit

erio

n.

Sum

mar

y st

atem

ents

for

pupi

ls s

erve

din

the

Ear

ly L

itera

cy p

rogr

am:

>O

f the

233

2 pu

pils

ser

ved,

147

9(6

3.4%

) m

et a

crit

erio

n to

be

incl

uded

inth

e tr

eatm

ent g

roup

.

>O

f the

112

7 gr

ade

1 tr

eatm

ent g

roup

pupi

ls, 1

046

(92.

8%)

met

the

perf

orm

ance

crite

rion

for

Des

ired

Out

com

e

2.

>O

f the

352

gra

de 2

trea

tmen

t gro

uppu

pils

, 330

(93

.8%

) m

et th

e pe

rfor

man

cecr

iterio

n fo

r D

esire

d O

utco

me

2.

>O

f the

147

9 to

tal t

reat

men

t gro

uppu

pils

, 137

6 (9

3.0%

) m

et th

epe

rfor

man

ce c

riter

ia fo

r D

esire

d O

utco

me

2

indi

catin

g th

e de

sire

d ou

tcom

e w

asac

hiev

ed.

PA

P51

9TN

RP

EL9

59-

7-95

9:0

4 A

M32

33

1,60

0

1,40

0

1,20

0

.a1

,000

CL

800

600

400

200 0

^...

...

Gra

de 1

... ...

Gra

de 2

TO

TA

L

No.

in T

reat

men

t D02

1,12

735

21,

479

No.

Mee

ting

D02

El

1,04

633

01,

376

% M

eetin

g 00

2n

92.8

%93

.8%

93.0

%

100.

0%

80.0

%

60.0

%

40.0

%

20.0

%

0.0%

FIG

UR

E 1

1O

f the

233

2 to

tal p

upils

ser

ved,

147

9 (6

3.4%

) m

et a

crite

rion

to b

e in

clud

ed in

the

trea

tmen

t gro

up.

elde

sot2

343b

Ele

men

tary

and

Sec

onda

ry E

duca

tion

Act

- C

hapt

er 1

/D

isad

vant

aged

Pup

il P

rogr

am F

und

Fin

al E

valu

atio

n R

epor

t19

94-9

5

Ear

ly L

itera

cy R

eadi

ng P

rogr

am

Des

ired

Out

com

e 3

Res

ults

Des

ired

Out

com

e 3:

Of t

he g

rade

1 p

upils

who

wer

e di

scon

tinue

d or

atte

nded

the

prog

ram

at l

east

50

perc

ent o

fth

e tr

eatm

ent p

erio

d at

leas

t 50

perc

ent o

t the

pup

ils w

ill r

ead

at le

ast f

ive

book

sat

text

rea

ding

leve

l 8 o

r ab

ove

asce

rtifi

ed b

y th

e C

hapt

er 1

teac

her.

At l

east

50

perc

ent o

f the

pup

ils in

gra

de 2

who

atte

nded

the

prog

ram

at l

east

50 p

erce

nt o

f the

trea

tmen

t per

iod

and

wer

e no

t dis

cont

inue

d w

ill in

depe

nden

tly r

ead

thro

ugho

utth

e tr

eatm

ent

perio

d a

min

imum

of t

en b

ooks

as

cert

ified

by

the

Cha

pter

1 te

ache

r.

The

follo

win

g ch

art (

Fig

ure

12)

pres

ents

the

anal

ysis

of t

he n

umbe

r an

d pe

rcen

t of p

upils

inth

e tr

eatm

ent g

roup

who

met

the

perf

orm

ance

crit

erio

n fo

r D

esire

d O

utco

me

3. T

he c

hart

indi

cate

s th

egr

ade,

num

ber

of p

upils

in th

etr

eatm

ent g

roup

, num

ber

of p

upils

mee

ting

the

perf

orm

ance

crit

erio

n, a

nd th

e pe

rcen

t of p

upils

mee

ting

the

perf

orm

ance

crit

erio

n.

Sum

mar

y st

atem

ents

for

pupi

ls s

erve

d in

the

Ear

ly L

itera

cy p

rogr

am:

>O

f the

233

2 pu

pils

ser

ved,

140

1 (6

0.1%

) m

et a

crit

erio

n to

be

incl

ud3d

in th

etr

eatm

ent g

roup

.>

Of t

he 1

160

grad

e 1

trea

tmen

t gro

up p

upils

, 755

(65

.1%

) m

et th

e pe

rfor

man

cecr

iterio

n fo

r D

esire

d O

utco

me

3.>

Of t

he 2

41 g

rade

2 tr

eatm

ent g

roup

pup

ils, 2

08 (

86.3

%)

met

the

perf

orm

ance

crit

erio

nfo

r D

esire

d O

utco

me

3.>

Of t

he 1

401

tota

l tre

atm

ent g

roup

pup

ils, 9

63 (

68.7

%)

met

the

perf

orm

ance

crit

eria

for

Des

ired

Out

com

e 3

indi

catin

g th

e de

sire

d ou

tcom

e w

as a

chie

ved.

PA

P51

9\F

NR

PE

L95

9-79

5 9:

04 A

M

36

..

V

1,60

0

1,40

0

1,20

0

1,00

0a.

800

600

44

100.

0%

400

200 0

No.

in T

reat

men

t D03

1,16

024

11,

401

No.

Mee

ting

DO

3fl

755

208

963

% M

eetin

g D

O 3

la65

.1%

86.3

%68

.7%

FIG

UR

E 1

2O

f the

233

2 pu

pils

ser

ved,

140

1 (6

0.1%

) m

et a

crite

rion

to b

e in

clud

ed in

the

trea

tmen

t gro

up.

elde

sot3

39

Ele

men

tary

and

Sec

onda

ry E

duca

tion

Act

- C

hapt

er 1

/D

isad

vant

aged

Pup

il P

rogr

am F

und

Fin

al E

valu

atio

n R

epor

t19

94-9

5

Ear

ly L

itera

cy R

eadi

ng P

rogr

am

Sta

ndar

dize

d T

est R

esul

ts

Fed

eral

and

Sta

te g

uide

lines

req

uire

that

agg

rega

te te

st d

ata

be r

epor

ted

for

grad

es 2

and

abo

ve fo

r in

divi

dual

build

ings

for

Tot

al R

eadi

ng a

nd R

eadi

ng C

ompr

ehen

sion

.In

ord

er to

be

incl

uded

in th

e ev

alua

tion

sam

ple

for

stan

dard

ized

test

res

ults

a g

rade

2 p

upil

had

to a

ttend

at l

east

50%

of t

he tr

eatm

ent p

erio

d an

d ha

ve b

oth

apr

etes

t (sp

ring

1994

) an

d a

post

test

(sp

ring

1995

).F

or g

rade

1, p

rete

stin

g di

d no

t occ

ur b

ut p

ostte

stin

g di

d.T

here

fore

, no

Tot

al R

eadi

ng o

r R

eadi

ng C

ompr

ehen

sion

pre

test

-pos

ttest

cha

nge

scor

es c

ould

be

dete

rmin

ed fo

rgr

ade

1 pu

pils

. The

min

imum

acc

epta

ble

aggr

egat

e sc

ores

at t

he b

uild

ing

leve

l, as

req

uire

d by

Fed

eral

and

Sta

tegu

idel

ines

, are

as

follo

ws:

> A

min

imum

agg

rega

te a

vera

ge g

ain

at th

e bu

ildin

g le

vel o

f 2.0

NC

Es

in B

asic

Ski

lls (

Tot

al R

eadi

ng).

> A

min

imum

agg

rega

te a

vera

ge g

ain

at th

e bu

ildin

g le

vel o

f 2.0

NC

Es

in A

dvan

ced

Ski

lls (

Rea

ding

Com

preh

ensi

on).

The

follo

win

g ch

arts

(F

igur

es 1

3 an

d 14

) pr

esen

t sta

ndar

dize

d te

st r

esul

ts fo

r gr

ade

2 pu

pils

ser

ved

by th

e E

arly

Lite

racy

pro

gram

.

>In

Bas

ic S

kills

(T

otal

Rea

ding

), 7

7.6%

(20

4) o

f the

263

eva

luat

ion

sam

ple

pupi

ls h

ad a

n N

CE

gai

n of

2.0

or

mor

e.

P13

519

TN

RP

EL.

959-

7-95

9:0

8 A

M

>In

Bas

ic S

kills

(Tot

al R

eadi

ng),

dis

cont

inue

d pu

pils

(88

) sh

owed

grea

ter

impr

ovem

ent t

han

did

not

disc

ontin

ued

pupi

ls (

175)

, with

80.

7% (

71)

gain

ing

mor

e th

an 2

.0 N

CE

s, c

ompa

red

to 7

6.0%

(13

3) fo

r no

tdi

scon

tinue

d pu

pils

.>

In A

dvan

ced

Ski

lls (

Rea

ding

Com

preh

ensi

on),

81.

6% (

226)

of t

he27

7 ev

alua

tion

sam

ple

pupi

ls h

ad a

n N

CE

gain

of 2

.0 o

r m

ore.

>In

Adv

ance

d S

kills

(R

eadi

ng C

ompr

ehen

sion

), d

isco

ntin

ued

pupi

ls(8

8) s

how

ed g

reat

er im

prov

emen

t tha

n di

dno

t dis

cont

inue

d pu

pils

(18

9), w

ith 8

3.0%

(73

) ga

inin

gm

ore

than

2.0

NC

Es,

com

pare

d to

81.

0% (

153)

for

not d

isco

ntin

ued

pupi

ls.

In B

asic

Ski

lls (

Tot

al R

eadi

ng),

the

aver

age

gain

for

the

263

eval

uatio

nsa

mpl

e pu

pils

was

10.

39 N

CE

s.In

Bas

ic S

kills

(T

otal

Rea

ding

), d

isco

ntin

ued

pupi

ls (

88)

had

an a

vera

ge g

ain

of 1

1.60

NC

Es

and

not

disc

ontin

ued

pupi

ls (

175)

had

an

aver

age

gain

of 9

.79

NC

Es.

>In

Adv

ance

d S

kills

(R

eadi

ng C

ompr

ehen

sion

), th

eav

erag

e ga

in fo

r th

e 27

7 ev

alua

tion

sam

ple

pupi

lsw

as15

.97

NC

Es.

>In

Adv

ance

d S

kills

(R

eadi

ng C

ompr

ehen

sion

), d

isco

ntin

ued

pupi

ls (

88)

had

an a

vera

ge g

ain

of 1

9.87

NC

Es

and

not d

isco

ntin

ued

pupi

ls (

189)

had

an a

vera

ge g

ain

of 1

4.15

NC

Es.

PA

P51

9WN

RP

EL9

59-

795

9:07

AM

42

Tre

atm

ent N

umbe

rE

No.

Mee

ting

>=

2 G

ain

n% >

=2

NC

E G

ain

Tes

t0.

0%

Tot

al R

eadi

ng A

ll

Tot

al R

eadi

ng D

isc

Tot

al R

eadi

ng N

ot D

isc

Rea

ding

Com

p A

ll

Rea

ding

Com

p D

isc

Rea

ding

Com

p N

ot D

isc

20.0

%...

% M

akin

g >

=2

NC

E G

ain

40.0

%60

.0%

80.0

%10

0.0%

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100

150

No.

of P

upils

200

250

300

FIG

UR

E 1

3A

ll (A

ll E

valu

atio

n S

ampl

e P

upils

); D

isc

(Dis

cont

inue

d P

upils

in E

valu

atio

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ampl

e);

Not

Dis

c (N

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isco

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Pup

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Eva

luat

ion

Sam

ple)

.

4445

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al R

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ng A

ll

Tot

al R

eadi

ng D

isc

Tot

al R

eadi

ng N

ot D

isc

Rea

ding

Com

p A

ll

Rea

ding

Com

p D

isc

Rea

ding

Com

p N

ot D

isc

VA

WE

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1020

3040

Nor

mal

Cur

ve E

quiv

alen

t Sco

res

(NC

Es)

50

FIG

UR

E 1

4A

ll (A

ll E

valu

atio

n S

ampl

e P

upils

); D

isc

(Dis

cont

inue

dP

upils

in E

valu

atio

n S

ampl

e); N

ot D

isc

(Not

Dis

cont

inue

d P

upils

in E

valu

atio

n S

ampl

e).

'-/4

7

Ele

men

tary

and

Sec

onda

ry E

duca

tion

Act

-C

hapt

er 1

/D

isad

vant

aged

Pup

il P

rogr

am F

und

Fin

al E

valu

atio

n R

epor

t19

94-9

5

Ear

ly L

itera

cy R

eadi

ng P

rogr

am

Par

ent I

nvol

vem

ent I

nfor

mat

ion

Rec

ords

of p

aren

t con

tact

s an

d ac

tiviti

es w

ere

mai

ntai

ned

bypr

ogra

m te

ache

rs. T

he fo

llow

ing

char

t (F

igur

e 15

)pr

esen

ts p

aren

t inv

olve

men

t inf

orm

atio

n fo

r al

l pup

ils s

erve

d by

the

Ear

ly L

itera

cy p

rogr

am.

> A

tota

l of 2

014

diffe

rent

indi

vidu

als

(par

ents

, gua

rdia

ns)

wer

e in

volv

ed w

ith th

e E

arly

Lite

racy

pro

gram

.>

Indi

vidu

als

invo

lved

in c

onfe

renc

es (

1847

) ac

coun

ted

for

the

grea

test

num

ber

ofpe

rson

s in

volv

ed w

ith th

epr

ogra

m.

> T

he s

mal

lest

num

ber

of in

divi

dual

s w

ere

invo

lved

with

pla

nnin

g (3

5) a

nd h

ome

visi

ts (

62).

> A

tota

l of 4

249

cont

acts

wer

e m

ade

with

the

2014

indi

vidu

als

invo

lved

with

the

Ear

ly L

itera

cypr

ogra

m.

>C

onta

cts

invo

lvin

g in

divi

dual

con

fere

nces

(32

81)

acco

unte

d fo

r th

e gr

eate

st n

umbe

r of

cont

acts

with

the

prog

ram

.>

The

sm

alle

st n

umbe

r of

con

tact

s w

ith th

e pr

ogra

m in

clud

ed p

lann

ing

(40)

and

hom

e vi

sits

(73

).

4849

PA

P51

9\F

NR

PE

L95

9-74

5 9:

07 A

M

NU

MB

ER

OF

PAR

EN

TS

(tho

usan

ds)

PLA

NN

ING

GR

OU

P M

EE

TIN

GIN

DIV

IDU

AL

CO

NF

ER

EN

CE

CLA

SS

RO

OM

VIS

ITH

OM

E V

ISIT

TO

TA

L

I ND

IVI D

UA

LS R

3538

81,

847

325

622,

014

1C

ON

TA

CT

Srl

4043

63,

281

419

734,

249

FIG

UR

E 1

5T

otal

indi

vidu

als

is n

ot a

dditi

ve a

cros

sal

l act

iviti

es a

s ea

ch in

divi

dual

may

be

invo

lved

in m

ore

than

one

act

ivity

.

5 0

%.1

1