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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/June - 2014

REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS

(Civil Engineering)

Time : 3 hours Max. Marks: 75

Answer any Five Questions

All Questions carry equal marks

*****

1 a) Explain the principle of remote sensing and its components. [7]

b) What is electromagnetic radiation? Define spectrum bands. [8]

2 a) Differenciate between active and passive remote sensing and example for

each one. [8]

b) List out the types of resolution and explain with some examples. [7]

3 a) Give comparison between manual digitization and onscreen digitization. [7]

b) Explain the procedure of supervised classification of images. [8]

4 a) Define GIS and explain elements of GIS. [7]

b) List out and briefly discuss map projection of all types. [8]

5 a) Elaborate on spatial data inputs in GIS. [7]

b) Explain the advantages of raster data over vector data in GIS. [8]

6 How do you conduct GIS modeling using overlaying operations? Explain

with an example. [15]

7 Explain how do you carryout surface water mapping and inventory using RS

& GIS. [15]

8 Write short notes on the applications of remote sensing & GIS in the

following studies

a) Flood inundation. [5]

b) Urban Applications. [5]

c) Drainage morphometry. [5]

Code No:R41014Set No. 1

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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/June - 2014REMOTE SENSING AND GIS APPLICATIONS

(Civil Engineering)




*****

1 a) Explain the elements involved in remote sensing. [7]

b) What is electromagnetic spectrum? Explain with a neat sketch. [8]

2 a) Differenciate between active remote sensing and the passive remote sensing. [8]

b) Give details of digital image data formats. [7]

3 a) Discuss image interpretation. [7]

b) Distinguish between visual interpretation and digital image processing. [8]

4 a) Explain the basic concepts of GIS. [7]

b) Which map projection is suitable for the regions in India? Justify your

statement.

[8]

5 a) Classify raster data structures and explain each one with neat sketches. [8]

b) Write the relative merits and demerits of vector and raster data structures. [7]

6 a) Discuss conditional expressions in GIS analysis. [7]

b) What is network analysis? Discuss. [8]

7 a) Give some important details of application of remote sensing in urban studies. [8]

b) What aspects of remote sensing are important in agriculture studies? Explain. [7]

8 Write short notes on the application of remote sensing & GIS in the following

studies.

a) Watershed management. [5]

b) Rainwater harvesting. [5]

c) Flood zone mapping. [5]

Code No:R41014Set No. 2R10

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(Civil Engineering)




*****

1 a) Explain electromagnetic radiation with a neat sketch. [7]

b) Explain reflection of EMR from surfaces. [8]

2 a) Give comparison between aerial photography and satellite remote sensing. [7]

b) What is digital image format? Explain all types and their relative advantages. [8]

3 a) Discuss the image interpretation elements and keys. [7]

b) What is digital image processing? Explain the salient processes. [8]

4 a) What are the fundamental operations of GIS? [8]

b) What is polyconic projection? Explain its significance in Indian context. [7]

5 a) What is topology? Explain. [7]

b) Classify data structure models and give their relative merits and demerits. [8]

6 a) Explain integrated analysis of spatial and attribute data with examples. [7]

b) Give some details of network analysis. [8]

7 a) How remote sensing is useful in land resources management? Explain any

one.

[7]

b) What is the advantage of remote sensing integrated with GIS? [8]


studies.

a) Drought Monitoring. [5]

b) Rainfall-Runoff modeling. [5]

c) Artificial groundwater recharge. [5]


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(Civil Engineering)




*****

1 a) Define remote sensing and explain its principle and process. [7]

b) Classify EMR reflection with neat sketches. [8]

2 a) Give a brief account on various types of remote sensing. [8]

b) Enumerate advantages of stereoscopy in remote sensing. [7]

3 a) What is digital image processing? Explain the salient processes. [8]

b) What is convergence of evidence? [7]

4 a) List out the various applications of GIS and briefly explain. [8]

b) Given the choice which one would you choose from UTM and Polyconic map

projections for your region? Elaborate on the reasons. [7]

5 a) Classify spatial data and explain topology. [8]

b) List out various advantages of raster data structure. [7]

6 a) What is network analysis? Explain. [7]

b) Give an overview of data manipulation and analysis. [8]

7 a) Discuss the land use / land cover mapping from remote sensing and its use in

hydrological studies.

[8]

b) Explain overlay using decision table in GIS. [7]


studies.

a) Artificial recharge. [5]

b) Reservoir storage estimation. [5]

c) Runoff estimation. [5]


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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/June - 2014POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL

(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)




*****

1 a) Explain production cost, incremental fuel cost. [8]

b) Describe in detail, with suitable examples, the methods of optimum scheduling

of generation of power from a thermal station. [7]

2 a) A power System consists of two, 125 MW units whose input cost data are

represented by the equations :

C1= 0.04 P12+ 22 P1+ 800 Rupees/hour

C2 = 0.045 P22+ 15 P2+ 1000 Rupees/hour

If the total received power PR= 200 MW. Determine the load sharing between

units for most economic operation. [8]

b) Derive the condition for the optimum scheduling of generation of units in a

steam power plant. [7]

3 A two plant system having a thermal station near the load center and a hydro

power station at remote location.The characteristics of both stations are

C1= (26 + 0.045 PGT)PGT Rs/hr

w2= (7 + 0.004 PGH) PGH m3/sec

and 2= Rs. 4 10-4/ m3

The transmission loss co-efficient, B22= 0.0025 MW-1

Determine the power generation at each station and the power received by the

load when = 65 Rs / MWhr. [15]

4 a) Using dynamic programming method, how do you find the most economical

combination of the units to meet a particular load demand. [10]b) Explain the need for unit commitment. [5]

5 a) With a neat block diagram explain the load frequency control for a single area

system. [8]

b) Two generators rated 300 MW and 500 MW are operating in parallel. The

droop characteristics are 4% and 6% respectively. Assuming that the

generators are operating at 50 Hz at no load, how a load of 800 MW would be

shared. What is the system frequency? Assume free governor action. [7]


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6 Two power systems A & B are inter connected by a tie line and have power

frequency constants KA and KB per Hz. An increase in load of 500 MW on

system A causes a power transfer of 300 MW from B to A. When the tie

line is opened the frequency of system A is 49 HZ and of system B 50 Hz.

Determine the values of KAand KB, derive the formulae used. [15]

7 a) Explain clearly about proportional plus integral load frequency control with a

block diagram. [8]

b) Explain the load frequency control and economic dispatch control problem. [7]

8 a) What is load compensation explain in detail. [8]b) Briefly explain some of the FACTS devices used in transmission system. [7]


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*****

1 a) Explain in detail about heat rate curve and cost curve [8]

b) Name the components of production cost and explain. [7]

2 a) The fuel cost for a two unit steam power plant are given by

C1= 0.1 P12+ 25 P1+ 1.6 Rupees/hour

C2 = 0.1 P22+ 32 P2+ 2.1 Rupees/hour

Where p's are in megawatt. If there is an error of 1% in the representation of

the input data, find the loss in operating economy for a load of 250 MW. [7]

b) Discuss and explain the loss formula coefficients. [8]

3 a) Explain about Hydro thermal co-ordination with necessary equations. [7]

b) Explain in detail about short term hydrothermal scheduling problem [8]

4 a) Explain the Dynamic programming method to solve Unit commitment problem

in power systems. [10]

b) Explain unit commitment problem [5]

5 a) Derive the model of a speed governing system and represent it by an equivalent

block diagram. [7]

b) A 100 MW Asynchronous generator operates on full load at a frequency of 50

Hz. The load is suddenly reduced to 50 MW. Due to time lag in the governor

system, the steam valve begins to close after 0.4 secs. Determine the change in

frequency that occurs in this time. Given H=6 KW-s/KVA of generator

capacity. [8]

6 a) What is meant by the tie line bias control. [5]

b) For two-area load frequency control with integral controller blocks, derive an

expression for steady values of change in frequency and tie line power for

simultaneously applied unit step load disturbance inputs in the two areas.

[10]


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7 a) Draw the block diagram of load frequency control and economic load dispatch.

Explain its combined operation. [7]

b) The two control areas of capacity 2000 and 800 MW are interconnected

through a tie-line. The parameters of each area based on its own capacity base

are R = 1 Hz/PU.MW and B = 0.02 PU.MW/Hz. If the control area 2

experiences an increment in load of 180MW,determine the static frequency

drop and the tie-line power.

[8]

8 a) Write the advantages and disadvantages of different types of compensating

equipment in a transmission system.

[7]

b) A 40 kW induction motor has power factor 0.85 and efficiency 0.9 at full load,

power factor 0.6 and efficiency 0.7 at half-load. At no-load, the current is 25%

of the full-load current and power factor 0.1. Capacitors are supplied to make

the line power factor 0.85 at half-load. With these capacitors in circuit, find the

line power factor at (i) full load, and (ii) no-load. [8]

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*****

1 a) Explain in detail about the different types of constraints considered in a power

system. [8]b) Explain the various factors to be considered in allocating generation to

different power stations for optimum operation. [7]

2 a) Give various uses of general loss formula and state the assumptions made for

calculating Bmncoefficients. [10]

b) Derive the condition for economic scheduling of generators in a plant. [5]

3 a) Solve analytically the short term hydro thermal scheduling. [8]

b) Develop the gradient method for short term hydro thermal scheduling

problem. [7]

4 a) What is meant by unit commitment problem? Discuss a method for solving the

same. [8]

b) Using dynamic programming method, how do you find the most economical

combination of the units to meet a particular load demand? [7]

5 a) Explain the steady state analysis of an isolated power system.

[8]

b) Draw the block diagram representation of steam turbine and obtain the

approximate linear model. [7]

6 a) Obtain the mathematical modeling of the line power in an interconnected

system and also draw its block diagram.

[8]

b) Explain the two-area with controlled case load frequency control problem. [7]


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7 a) Prove that steady state response is zero for isolated power system with

Proportional Integral control.

[7]

b) Explain with a neat diagram of a load frequency control of two area system for

a controlled case. [8]

8 a) Compare the different types of compensating equipment for transmission

systems. [7]

b) A 3-Phase, 50 Hz, 2500 V motor develops 650 HP, the p.f being 0.85 lagging

and the efficiency 0.85. A bank of capacitors is connected in delta across thesupply terminals and the p.f raised to 0.95 lagging. Each of the capacitance unit

in each delta leg is built of five similar 600 V capacitors. Calculate the

capacitance of each capacitor.

[8]

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*****

1 a) Explain how the incremental production cost of a thermal power station can be

determined. [7]

b) Explain the various factors to be considered in allocating generation to

different power stations for optimum operation. [8]

2 a) Obtain the condition for optimum operation of a power system with n plants

when losses considered. [8]

b) Derive the condition for economic scheduling of generators in a plant. [7]

3 A two-plant system having a steam plant near the load centre and a hydro plant

at a remote location. The load is 520MW for 15 hrs a day and 330 MW, for 9

hrs a day.

The characteristics of the units are

C1= 100 + 50 PGT+ 0.075

2

GT

P

Rs./hrw2= 0.7 PGH+ 0.00283

2

GHP m

3/sec

Loss co-efficient, B22= 0.002 MW-1

Find the generation schedule, daily water used by hydro plant

and daily operating cost of thermal plant for j=90 Rs./ m3-hr [15]

4 a) What do you mean by unit commitment problem and discuss various

constraints related to Unit Commitment Problem. [8]

b) Discuss in detail, the dynamic programming approach for the solution of Unit

Commitment Problem. [7]

5 Draw the schematic diagram showing the speed changer setting, Governor and

steam admission valve and indicate how steam input is regulated with the

change in load. Derive the Transfer Function of the above system. [15]


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6 a) Explain the necessity of maintaining the frequency constant. [5]

b) Two power stations A & B each have regulation (R) of 0.1 p u (on respective

capacity bases) and stiffness K of 1.0 p. u. The capacity of system A is 1500

MW and of B 1000 MW. The two systems are interconnected through a tie line

and are initially at 60 Hz. If there is 100 MW load change in system A,

calculate the change in the steady-state values of frequency and power transfer

P12(with and without the participation of governor control). [10]

7 a) What are the basic requirements needed for control strategy in Load FrequencyControl system. [8]

b) Explain with a neat diagram of a load frequency control of two area system for

an uncontrolled case. [7]

8 a) What are the merits and demerits of different types of compensation? [7]

b) A 50 kW induction motor has power factor 0.85 and efficiency 0.92 at full

load, power factor 0.65 and efficiency 0.75 at half-load. At no-load, the current

is 25% of the full-load current and power factor 0.1. Capacitors are supplied to

make the line power factor 0.8 at half-load. With these capacitors in circuit,

find the line power factor at (i) full load, and (ii) no-load. [8]

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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2014UNCONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESSES

( Mechanical Engineering)




*****1. a) Distinguish between non-traditional machining methods and traditional

methods in respect of MRR, surface finish, accuracy and cost.b) Discuss any eight advantages of Unconventional Processes.

[8][7]

2. a)What are the various parameters which affect the MRR in

USM? Discuss them briefly.b) With the help of neat sketch, explain the tool feed mechanism used in

ultrasonic machining.

[8]

[7]

3. Describe the AJM process with the help of neat sketch and list out the

advantages and limitations of AJM. [15]

4. a) Discuss the working principle of ECM process with the help of neat sketch.

b) List out the advantages, limitations and applications of ECM

[8]

[7]

5. a) Write the expression for metal removal rate in EDM and explain the

parameters involved in it.b) What are the various advantages of EDM when compared to ECM? Explain

[8][7]

6. a) Explain the advantages and limitations of LBM

b) Explain the principle of Laser and discuss the thermal features and analysis

of LBM

[7]

[8]

7. Discuss the process parameters which affect the quality of surface finish in the

following processes:a) Chemical Machiningb) Plasma arc machining [15]

8. Write working principle and uses of the following process:a) Magnetic abrasive finishing processb) Abrasive jet machining processc) Electro stream drillingd) Shaped tube electrolyte machining [15]


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*****1. a) Discuss the limitations of using nontraditional machining in the industries

when compared to traditional machining.b) Discuss any four characteristics of unconventional machining processes.

[8][7]

2. Draw the simple sketch of Ultrasonic Machine; label the important

components on it. Explain its working and applications in detail. [15]

3. Draw the simple sketch of Abrasive Water jet machine, label the important

parts and discuss the working process. Also write the various abrasiveparticles used in the process. [15]

4. a) What are the different types of electrolytes used in ECM? Explain theimportant characteristics of electrolytes used in ECM.

b) Explain the process of Electro Chemical Machining with simple

sketch.

[8]

[7]

5. a) What are the various process parameters that affect the surface finish inEDM? Explain them in detail.

b) Sketch and explain the Electrode feed control mechanism of EDM

[8]

[7]

6. Discuss the following:

a) Limitations of LBMb) Electron Beam Gunc) Process parameters in ECM [15]

7. Draw the neat sketch and discuss the working of Plasma arc machining and

also list out the advantages, limitations of the process. [15]

8. Write the important process parameters of the following process:a) Magnetic abrasive finishing processb) Abrasive jet machining processc) Electro stream drillingd) Shaped tube electrolyte machining [15]


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*****1. List out the different types of Unconventional Machining Processes. Explain

the important characteristics of any four such processes. [15]

2. a) What are the different types of tool holder used in USM? Discuss them

briefly.

b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Ultrasonic Method.

[8]

[7]

3. a) Explain the effect of various parameters which affect the on the surface

finish and rate of metal removal in abrasive water jet machining.b) Enumerate the differences between water jet machining and abrasive jet

machining.

[8]

[7]

4. a) What are the various parameters which affect the quality of machining using

ECM? Discuss them in detail.

b) Describe the principle and working of electro chemical deburring process.

[8]

[7]

5. Describe the process of EDM with the help of neat sketch and explain theadvantages and limitations of EDM. [15]

6. a) What is laser? Explain how it is used in manufacturing field?

b) What are the important parameters which affect the quality of machining on

LBM? Discuss.

[7]

[8]

7. a) What are the different etchants that are used in chemical machining?

Discuss the important characteristics.b) Explain the advantages and limitations of Chemical machining.

[8][7]

8. Explain the important characteristics of the following process:a) Magnetic abrasive finishing processb) Abrasive jet machining processc) Electro stream drillingd) Shaped tube electrolyte machining [15]


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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/June - 2014RADAR SYSTEMS

(Electronics and Communication Engineering)




*****

1 a) Write about the nature of radar and maximum unambiguous radar [8]

b) With a neat diagram explain about the radar operation [7]

2 a) Explain about the radar cross section of targets [8]

b) What are system range performance factors explain in detail [7]

3 a) What are measurement errors [5]

b) Discuss about the Multiple Frequency CW Radar [10]

4 a) Compare the various features of MTI Radar and Pulse Doppler radar [10]

b) Write about the limitations to MTI performance [5]

5 a) Explain about i) sequential lobing ii) conical scan [8]

b) Write about the comparision of trackers. [7]

6 a) What is the purpose of Instrument Landing System (ILS)? [5]

b) Explain the limitations of ILS and how the same have been overcome in the

MLS.

[10]

7 a) What is phase shifter [5]

b) Describe briefly the two different types of phased-array radar. State their

functions. [10]

8 Write short notes on the following:

(a) Loran

(b) Remote Sensing Radar [15]


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RADAR SYSTEMS





*****

1 a) Explain in brief the various system losses in the radar. [8]

b) Write about the Radar frequencies [7]

2 a) Derive the simplified version of radar range equation in terms of minimum

detectable signal to noise ratio(S/N)min. also explain why (S/N)min. is abetter measure of a radous detection performance than in minimum detectable

signal(Smin). [8]

b) What do you understand by the terms duty cycle and unambiguous range of a

radar? What is the technique employed for resolving range ambiguifier. [7]

3 a) Draw the block diagram of a pulsed RADAR and explain the significance of

designing IF amplifier as a matched filter. List the properties of a matched

filter for RADAR application. [8]

b) Explain the need for integration of RADAR pulses and define the following

terms:

(i) Integration Efficiency(IE).(ii)Integration Improvement Factor(IIF)

(iii)Integration Loss(IL) [7]

4 a) What are delay line cancellors? explain [7]

b) Discuss about the staggered PRF [8]

5 a) What are the basic differences between a search radar and a tracking radar? [5]

b) Discuss the various scanning techniques and tracking mechanisms. [10]

6 a) The MTI Radar is used by a traffic control police to measure the speed of cars.

If the doppler frequency shift measured from the moving car is 1.6 KHz ,calculate the speed of the car. [5]b) What do you understand by the term clutter? Enumerate the properties of Sea

and Land clutter. [10]

7 Write short notes on the following:

(a) Hyperbolic Navigation

(b) Four Point Tracking [15]

8 a) What is false alarm? [5]

b) Describe about the Automatic detection [10]


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*****

1 a) Write about the Radar frequencies. [8]

b) With a neat diagram explain about the radar operation. [7]

2 a) What is PRF? How to measure it? [7]

b) Explain about the range ambiguities? [8]

3 a) Draw and explain CW- IF Radar in detail. [10]

b) What is the drawback in simple CW Radar? How it is overcome in CW- IF

Radar? [5]

4 a) An MTI Radar is operating at 10 GHz with an PRF of 1000Hz.Calculate the

lowest three blend speed. [5]

b) Compare the various features of MTI Radar and Pulse Doppler radar [10]

5 a) Describe the type of operation of a line type radar modulator. [8]

b) What are the advantages of that type of modulator? What is its most

significant drawback? [7]

6 a) What are phased arrays? [5]

b) Describe about the architecture of phased arrays. [10]

7 a) What is a detection criterion? [5]

b) Explain about the Detector characteristics. [10]

8 a) What is false alarm? [5]

b) Describe about the false Alarm rate receiver. [10]


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*****

1 a) What is radar resolution? [8]

b) Explain in brief radar resolution cell. [7]

2 a) What is minimum detectable signal? [5]

b) Explain about (i) receiver noise (ii) SNR [10]

3 a) What do you understand by the term clutter? [5]

b) Explain the different types of clutter.

Enumerate the properties of Sea and Land clutter. [10]

4 a) Define MTI radarand explain its significance [7]

b) Discuss about Range gated Doppler filters [8]

5 a) With a suitable block diagram explain the working of a conical scan tracking

radar. [8]

b) Explain the various factors that need to be considered in determining the

optimum squint angle. [7]

6 a) What is Doppler frequency shift? [5]

b) Derive an expression for doppler frequency shift in terms of transmittedfrequency and radial component of target velocity vector. [10]

7 a) What are antenna parameters? [5]

b) Write about Reflector antennas [10]

8 a) What do you mean by RCS? [5]

b) Explain the RCS of following:

(i.) Sphere (ii) Rod (iii) Complex target [10]


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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/June 2014

MOBILE COMPUTING

(Common to Computer Science & Engineering and Information Technology)




*****1. a) Compare and contrast guided and unguided transmission.

b) Briefly describe the modulation methods and standards for voice oriented data

communication.

2. a) Explain the functioning of a cellular network. How the given sets of frequencies areused to increase the capacity of a network?

b) Describe the functioning of a smart card. Why is secured hardware and softwarerequired for a smartcard?

3. a) How data is handles in GPRS? Describe the limitations of GPRS.b) Give the architecture of the GSM. Explain various components of it.

4. a) Briefly explain about CDMA and WCDMA 3G communication standards.b) What are the transmission impairments that affect wireless signals? Explain.

5. a) Explain the operation of mobile IP. Why tunneling is used in mobile IP?b) What are the additional messages needed for optimized mobile IP protocol?

6. Explain the mobile agent architecture with appropriate diagram.7. a) What are wireless sensor networks? Explain the similarities in MANETS and wireless

sensor networks.b) Describe the properties of MANETS.

8. a) What is a simple WAP infrastructure? Outline the features of basic elements of WAPprofile.

b) Explain the problems of Hidden terminal and exposed terminal in wireless LAN


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Code No: M0223/R07 Set No. 1

IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/Jun 2014POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL

(Electrical & Electronics Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80

Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks

1. The incremental fuel cost of two plants are given as dF1dP1

= 0.1P1+ 20 anddF2

dP2= 0.12P2+ 16 Rs/MWhr. The loads on each plant 20 P 125. Determine

the economic division of the load between two units for a total demand of 150 MW.The losses are neglected the corresponding incremental fuel cost is? [16]

2. Derive the coordination equations for economic scheduling including the effect ofnetwork losses in a purely thermal system and explain the - iteration method ofsolving them with the help of flow chart. [16]

3. Derive Mathematical Formulation for Hydro thermal scheduling. [16]

4. Draw the block diagram of a power system showing the governor, turbine andsyn.generator, indicating their transfer functions. For a step disturbance of PD,obtain the response of increment in frequency, making suitable assumptions.

(a) Without proportional plus integral controller and

(b) With proportional plus integral control. [8+8]

5. A power system has load of 1250 MW at 50 Hz. If 50 MW load is tripped, find thesteady state frequency deviation when

(a) there is no speed control

(b) the system has a reserve of 200 MW spread over 500 MW of generation ca-pacity with 5 % regulation on this capacity.

All the generators are operating with valves wide open. Due to dead band only80 % of governors respond to load change. Assume load damping constant B=1.5.[16]

6. Draw the block diagram of load frequency control in two area control system andexplain. [16]

7. Derive the transfer function (F(s)/PD(s)) for proportional and integral controlof a single area system. [16]

8. A 3-phase single circuit, 220kV, line runs at no load. voltage at the receivingend of the line is 205kV. Find the sending end voltage, if the line has resistanceof 21.7ohms, reactance of 85.2ohms and the total suceptance of 5.32 10 - 4 mho.

The transmission line is to be represented by model. [16]

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1. (a) What is the need of optimal operation of power systems?

(b) The fuel costs for two plants are given by C1 = 0.15 P12+30P1+25, C2= 0.17

P22 +28P2+20 where C is in Rs/Hr and P is in MW. If both units operate at

all time and maximum and minimum load on each unit are 100 MW and 20MW respectively determine the economic operating schedule of the plant forloads of 40 MW, 120 MW. [12+4]


3. Explain the problem of scheduling hydro - thermal power plants and What are theconstraints in the problem? [16]




5. (a) What are the various specifications that are to be considered in load frequencycontrol?

(b) Explain briefly the control area concept and control area error. [8+8]

6. Two interconnected areas 1 and 2 have the capacity of 200MW and 500MW respec-tively. The incremental regulation and damping torque co-efficient for each areaon its own base are 0.2 pu and 0.08 pu respectively. Find the steady state changein system frequency from a nominal frequency of 50 Hz and the change in steadystate tie-line power following a 750MW change in load of area 1. [16]

7. What are the requirements of control strategy in integral control? Explain the roleplayed by the controller?s gain setting in the frequency control. [16]

8. Explain the reasons for variations of voltages in power systems and explain any onemethod to improve the voltage profile. [16]

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1. The fuel cost functions in Rs./hr. for three thermal plants are given byC1 = 400+8.4P1+0.006P1

2, 100 P1 600C2 = 650+6.78P2+0.004P2

2, 300 P3 650

Where P1

, P2

, are in MW. Neglecting line losses and including generator limits,determine the optimal generation scheduling where PD = 1550MW. [16]

2. (a) Assuming any relevant data and notation, derive the transmission loss formula.

(b) Discuss about the optimum generator allocation with out line losses. [16]

3. Determine the daily water used by hydro plant and daily operating cost of thermalplant with the load connected for total 24 hrs from the given data.The load connected, PD = 400MWGeneration of thermal plant, PGT = 200MWGeneration of hydro plant, PGH = 300MW. [16]

4. Discus in detail the following components of excitation system.

(a) Error Amplifier

(b) SCR Power Amplifier

(c) Main Exciter and

(d) Alternator. [4+4+4+4]

5. With a neat block diagram explain the steady state analysis of an isolated powersystem. [16]


7. Explain the proportional plus integral control for load frequency control of a singlearea system. [16]


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1. Incremental fuel costs in rupees per megawatt hour for two units are given bydF1

dP1= 0.2P1+ 40 and

dF2

dP2= 0.125P2+ 35

Determine the savings in fuel cost in Rs per hour for the economic distribution ofa total load of 500MW between the two units of the plants with the distribution ofsame load. [16]

2. (a) Explain with diagram the physical interpretation of co-ordination equation.

(b) Derive the condition for the optimum scheduling of generation of units in asteam power plant. [8+8]

3. Explain KIRCHMAYERs Method of hydro thermal scheduling. [16]

4. (a) Explain the necessity of maintaining a constant frequency in power systemoperation.

(b) Two generators rated 100 MW and 400 MW are operating in parallel. Thedroop characteristics of their governors are 2% and 4% respectively from noload to full load. Assuming that the generators are operating at 50 Hz atnoload, how would a load of 500 MW be shared between them? What will bethe system frequency at this load? Assume free governor operation. [6+10]

5. (a) What are the basic requirements of a load frequency control problem?

(b) A 500 MVA synchronous generator operates on full load at a frequency of 50Hz. The load is reduced to 400 MW. The stem valve begins to operate witha time lag of 0.5 seconds. Determine the change in frequency if H=5 kW-secper kVA. [8+8]

6. Two generating stations A and B have the capacities 500MWand 800MW respec-tively are inter-connected by a short line. The percentage speed regulations fromno-load to full load of the two stations are 2 and 3 respectively. Find the powergeneration at each station and power transfer through the line if the load on busof each station is 200MW. [16]

7. Explain how modern control theory can be applied to load frequency control prob-lem. [16]

8. (a) Explain about the losses that occur due to VAR flow in power systems.

(b) Explain how the generators act as VAR sources in a power network. [8+8]

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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/Jun 2014INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

( Common to Mechanical Engineering and Automobile Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80


1. By means of examples and neat sketches explain various types of errors encounteredin measurements. [16]

2. (a) Distinguish between RTD and thermisters.

(b) State the laws of thermocouples. How are the laws useful in construction ofthermocouple thermometers? [6+10]

3. (a) Explain how an elastic diaphragm gauge is used to measure pressure with thehelp of a relevant sketch.

(b) List the limitations of elastic diaphragm gauge.

(c) Discuss the merits and demerits of elastic sensing elements. [8+4+4]

4. What are the different direct methods available for the measurement of liquid level.Explain any two of them. [16]

5. Explain with neat sketches the working of Mechanical Tachometers. [16]

6. (a) What is gauge rosette? [2+6+8]

(b) An electric resistance strain gauge of 300 resistance and gauge factor 2 isbonded to a specimen of steel. Calculate the change in resistance of the gaugewhen a tensile stress of 75MN/m2 is applied on the specimen.

(c) Explain the two arm and four arm conditions used for strain measurement.

7. (a) Explain how Spring balances can be used for measurement of force. Describe

their working ,advantages and limitations.(b) Define the Psychometric terms:

(i) Relative humidity (ii) Dew point temperature(iii) Wet bulb temperature. [10+6]

8. (a) Sketch and explain position control using servo motor.

(b) Sketch and explain open loop and closed loop temperature control system withblock diagrams.

(c) Briefly explain about positive feedback and negative feed back. [6+6+4]

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1. (a) Distinguish between direct and indirect methods of measurements with suit-able examples.

(b) Explain how first order instruments respond to ramp input. [6+10]

2. (a) List electrical transducers for measurement of linear and angular displacement.(b) Explain by means of neat sketches how wire wound and carbon film poten-

tiometers can be used for measurement if linear and angular displacement.[4+12]

3. (a) Describe the construction, working and theory of a Bridgman gauge for mea-surement of high pressures.

(b) Briefly explain the principle employed in manometers used for the measure-ment of pressure. [10+6]


5. (a) Is it stroboscope satisfactory for low speed say 100 -200 rpm, measurements?If not why?

(b) Why vibrations has to be measured. How vibrations are measured?

(c) Describe the Working principle of Vibration reed tachometer. [4+6+6]

6. (a) If a strain gauge has a low gauge factor, what does it indicate.

(b) Name the various types of strain gauges for different applications.

(c) Distinguish between bonded and unbonded type of resistance strain gauge.[3+3+10]

7. (a) What are proving rings? Explain how they can be used for measurement offorce using a vibrating reed and a micrometer.

(b) Sketch and explain the constructional details and working of a dew pointmeter. [8+8]

8. (a) With suitable examples, bring out the advantages of closed loop system overopen loop system.

(b) Draw a block diagram of the closed loop system considered above. Also explain

why negative feed back is invariably preferred in such systems. [8+8]

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1. (a) Distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary calibrations.

(b) State and explain the desirable static and dynamic characteristics of measuringinstruments. [6+10]

2. (a) What are thermopiles? What are their advantages?

(b) Explain by means of neat sketches, the working of total radiation pyrometer.[6+10]

3. Describe with a neat sketch the principle of working of

(a) McLeod Gauge

(b) Ionization Gauge

and also their advantages and limitations [8+8]

4. (a) Explain how a wire mounted normal to probe axis, type hot wire anemome-ter is used in flow measurement. Enumerate the principle of operation and itslimitations.

(b) List out the important of calibration of flow measuring instruments. [12+4]

5. (a) Define shock and vibrations.

(b) How seismic instruments used for measuring acceleration? Explain in detail.

(c) What are the advantages of piezoelectric type accelerometer? [4+8+4]

6. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical strain gauges over

optical srtain gauges.(b) A 200 strain gauge is bonded to a steel bar which is subjected to a tensile

load. Cross sectional area of the bar is 0.9 104m2 and E= 200GN/m2.Ifload of 100 kN produces a change of 1.5 in the gauge resistance. Determinethe gauge factor of the gauge. [6+10]

7. (a) Explain briefly how a stroboscopic is used to measure torque.

(b) Explain the method of measuring force using a pneumatic load cell. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain with neat block diagram of closed loop positioned system.

(b) Describe with neat sketch the closed loop speed control system. [6+10]

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1. (a) Distinguish between the following:(i) Error & accuracy (ii) Imprecission & bias (iii) Zero drift andsensitivity drift

(b) Discuss the step and ramp input response to first order instruments. [6+10]

2. (a) List electrical transducers for measurement of linear and angular displacement.

(b) Explain by means of neat sketches how wire wound and carbon film poten-tiometers can be used for measurement if linear and angular displacement.

[4+12]

3. (a) Discuss the merits and demerits of the following pressure sensing elements

(i) Capsule (ii) Bourdon tube (iii) Bellows guage.

(b) Explain the working principle operation of pirani gauge and also its limitations

and merits. [6+10]4. (a) Explain the principle of operation of a Rotameter. What are its limitations?

(b) Discuss the types of flow meters. [8+8]

5. (a) Name different electrical non-contact type tachometers. Explain with neatdiagram, working of an inductive pick up tachometer.

(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of piezoelectric type accelerometer? [10+6]

6. (a) What do you understand by strain gauge rosettes and the need for them?

(b) Tree strain gauges in the form of a delta rosette were attached to a specimento finds strain. The readings of three gauges are 1=800, 2=400, 3=0. De-termine the principal strains, principal stresses and the location of principalplane. Assume E=680 102N/mm2 and =0.33. [6+10]

7. (a) What are Transmission dynamometers? Explain the constructional detail ofany One type of transmission dynamometer.

(b) With neat sketch explain the working principle of Proving ring. [8+8]

8. (a) What is the significance of block diagrams in control systems?

(b) Distinguish between Manual control system and Automatic control systems.

[8+8]

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NETWORK PROGRAMMING


Time : 3 hours Max. Marks:80



*****

1 a) Map layers in OSI with Internet protocol suit? [8]b) Write a short notes on UNIX standards. [8]

2 a) Write in detail about six byte manipulation functions that operate on byte

and memory. [8]

b) What is socket address structure? Write the socket address structure of IPv4

in detail. [8]

3 Define echo Server? Write a program for TCP echo client/server using

socket functions. [16]

4 Explain the scenario where I/O multiplexing is used in network applications?

Write any two I/o models. [16]

5 a) Does UDP support flow control? If so explain lack of flow control in UDP. [8]

b) Write a short notes on TCP,UDP, SCTP protocols. [8]

6 a) Write aboutgethostbyname function in detail? [8]

b) Write in detail about domain name system? [8]

7 Define IPC? Write the five steps involved in message Queues. [16]

8 Explain the following

a) Uname function

b) wait and waitpid

c) rlogin [16]

Code No:N0521Set No. 1

R07

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NETWORK PROGRAMMING





*****

1 a) Write an overview of Tcp/ip protocols in detail [8]

b) TCP connection establishment is a three way hand shake? Justify [8]

2 a) Discusses different socket functions that pass socket address structure from

process to the kernel and kernel to the process. [8]

b) Write short notes on any four address conversion functions. [8]

3 a) Define signal. Do every signal has a disposition? Discuss. [8]

b) Write a program for signal function that calls sigaction function. [8]

4 Draw and explain five I/O models available in UNIX in detail. [16]

5 a) Explain the summary of UDP client/server from clients perspective [8]

b) Explain the summary of UDP client/server from clients perspective [8]

6 Discuss the following

i). Resource Recordsii). Resolvers and name servers

iii). DNS alternatives [16]7 Explore different IPC techniques and write any two IPC techniques with

example programs [16]

8 Explain the following

a) fork() and Vfork()

b) pseudo-terminals

c) getsockopt [16]

Code No:N0521Set No. 2

R07

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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/June - 2014NETWORK PROGRAMMING





*****

1 a) Do TCP provide reliable service than UDP? Compare TCP and UDP ? [8]

b) Draw and explain TCP state transition diagram for connection establishmentand termination? [8]

2 Explain elementary TCP client/server socket functions with syntax and return

values in detail [16]

3 Define socket? Write a program for TCP client/server that takes a string from

client side and reverse the string at the server side and display the same at

client side. [16]

4 a) Explain the Data structure for TCP echo server (Revisted) with an example. [8]

b) Write in detail about poll function. [8]

5 Define echo server? Write a program for UDP echo client/server? [16]

6 a) Explain the following

i) gethostbyname

ii) gethostbyaddr [8]

b) Write a short note on other networking information? [8]

7 a) Write about File and record locking? [8]

b) Distinguish pipeand named pipe and write a program for any one of them? [8]

8 a) Write a short notes on rlogin [8]

b) Discuss RPC Transparency issues [8]

Code No:N0521Set No. 3R07

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NETWORK PROGRAMMING





*****

1 a) Explain in detail about OSI seven Layers? [8]

b) Discuss steps and buffers involved when an application writes to TCP and

UDP socket. [8]

2 a) How do UNIX creates a new process? Write about six exec functions? [8]

b) Define socket address structure? Write the socket address structure of IPV6 indetail. [8]

3 a) Explain the following system calls?

i) Listen() ii) bind() C iii) Connect() iv) socket() [8]

b) Write a short note on posix signal handling? [8]

4 a) Write any three I/O models in UNIX in detail [8]

b) Write a short note on TCP socket options and IPv6 socket options. [8]

5 a) Draw the elementary figure for UDP client/ server socket functions and write

the syntax for sendto () and recvfrom () functions. [8]

b) Write a short note on Lack of flow control with UDP? [8]

6 a) Discuss the following

i) Uname function ii) gethostbyname function [8]

b) Draw the typical arrangement of client, resolver and name server and explain

each. [8]

7 Write about the following

i) Pipes

ii) FIFOiii) File and record locking [16]

8 a) Write about terminal line disciplines [8]

b) Discuss about terminal modes and control terminals [8]


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1. The incremental fuel cost of two plants are given as dF1dP1

= 0.1P1+ 20 anddF2

dP2= 0.12P2+ 16 Rs/MWhr. The loads on each plant 20 P 125. Determine

the economic division of the load between two units for a total demand of 150 MW.The losses are neglected the corresponding incremental fuel cost is? [16]


3. Derive Mathematical Formulation for Hydro thermal scheduling. [16]




5. A power system has load of 1250 MW at 50 Hz. If 50 MW load is tripped, find thesteady state frequency deviation when

(a) there is no speed control

(b) the system has a reserve of 200 MW spread over 500 MW of generation ca-pacity with 5 % regulation on this capacity.

All the generators are operating with valves wide open. Due to dead band only80 % of governors respond to load change. Assume load damping constant B=1.5.[16]

6. Draw the block diagram of load frequency control in two area control system andexplain. [16]

7. Derive the transfer function (F(s)/PD(s)) for proportional and integral controlof a single area system. [16]

8. A 3-phase single circuit, 220kV, line runs at no load. voltage at the receivingend of the line is 205kV. Find the sending end voltage, if the line has resistanceof 21.7ohms, reactance of 85.2ohms and the total suceptance of 5.32 10 - 4 mho.

The transmission line is to be represented by model. [16]

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1. (a) What is the need of optimal operation of power systems?

(b) The fuel costs for two plants are given by C1 = 0.15 P12+30P1+25, C2= 0.17

P22 +28P2+20 where C is in Rs/Hr and P is in MW. If both units operate at

all time and maximum and minimum load on each unit are 100 MW and 20MW respectively determine the economic operating schedule of the plant forloads of 40 MW, 120 MW. [12+4]


3. Explain the problem of scheduling hydro - thermal power plants and What are theconstraints in the problem? [16]




5. (a) What are the various specifications that are to be considered in load frequencycontrol?

(b) Explain briefly the control area concept and control area error. [8+8]


7. What are the requirements of control strategy in integral control? Explain the roleplayed by the controller?s gain setting in the frequency control. [16]


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1. The fuel cost functions in Rs./hr. for three thermal plants are given byC1 = 400+8.4P1+0.006P1

2, 100 P1 600C2 = 650+6.78P2+0.004P2

2, 300 P3 650

Where P1

, P2

, are in MW. Neglecting line losses and including generator limits,determine the optimal generation scheduling where PD = 1550MW. [16]

2. (a) Assuming any relevant data and notation, derive the transmission loss formula.

(b) Discuss about the optimum generator allocation with out line losses. [16]

3. Determine the daily water used by hydro plant and daily operating cost of thermalplant with the load connected for total 24 hrs from the given data.The load connected, PD = 400MWGeneration of thermal plant, PGT = 200MWGeneration of hydro plant, PGH = 300MW. [16]

4. Discus in detail the following components of excitation system.

(a) Error Amplifier

(b) SCR Power Amplifier

(c) Main Exciter and

(d) Alternator. [4+4+4+4]

5. With a neat block diagram explain the steady state analysis of an isolated powersystem. [16]


7. Explain the proportional plus integral control for load frequency control of a singlearea system. [16]


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1. Incremental fuel costs in rupees per megawatt hour for two units are given bydF1

dP1= 0.2P1+ 40 and

dF2

dP2= 0.125P2+ 35

Determine the savings in fuel cost in Rs per hour for the economic distribution ofa total load of 500MW between the two units of the plants with the distribution ofsame load. [16]

2. (a) Explain with diagram the physical interpretation of co-ordination equation.

(b) Derive the condition for the optimum scheduling of generation of units in asteam power plant. [8+8]

3. Explain KIRCHMAYERs Method of hydro thermal scheduling. [16]

4. (a) Explain the necessity of maintaining a constant frequency in power systemoperation.

(b) Two generators rated 100 MW and 400 MW are operating in parallel. Thedroop characteristics of their governors are 2% and 4% respectively from noload to full load. Assuming that the generators are operating at 50 Hz atnoload, how would a load of 500 MW be shared between them? What will bethe system frequency at this load? Assume free governor operation. [6+10]

5. (a) What are the basic requirements of a load frequency control problem?

(b) A 500 MVA synchronous generator operates on full load at a frequency of 50Hz. The load is reduced to 400 MW. The stem valve begins to operate witha time lag of 0.5 seconds. Determine the change in frequency if H=5 kW-secper kVA. [8+8]

6. Two generating stations A and B have the capacities 500MWand 800MW respec-tively are inter-connected by a short line. The percentage speed regulations fromno-load to full load of the two stations are 2 and 3 respectively. Find the powergeneration at each station and power transfer through the line if the load on busof each station is 200MW. [16]

7. Explain how modern control theory can be applied to load frequency control prob-lem. [16]

8. (a) Explain about the losses that occur due to VAR flow in power systems.

(b) Explain how the generators act as VAR sources in a power network. [8+8]

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Code No: N0304/R05 Set No. 1




1. By means of examples and neat sketches explain various types of errors encounteredin measurements. [16]

2. (a) Distinguish between RTD and thermisters.

(b) State the laws of thermocouples. How are the laws useful in construction ofthermocouple thermometers? [6+10]

3. (a) Explain how an elastic diaphragm gauge is used to measure pressure with thehelp of a relevant sketch.

(b) List the limitations of elastic diaphragm gauge.

(c) Discuss the merits and demerits of elastic sensing elements. [8+4+4]


5. Explain with neat sketches the working of Mechanical Tachometers. [16]

6. (a) What is gauge rosette? [2+6+8]

(b) An electric resistance strain gauge of 300 resistance and gauge factor 2 isbonded to a specimen of steel. Calculate the change in resistance of the gaugewhen a tensile stress of 75MN/m2 is applied on the specimen.

(c) Explain the two arm and four arm conditions used for strain measurement.

7. (a) Explain how Spring balances can be used for measurement of force. Describe

their working ,advantages and limitations.(b) Define the Psychometric terms:

(i) Relative humidity (ii) Dew point temperature(iii) Wet bulb temperature. [10+6]

8. (a) Sketch and explain position control using servo motor.

(b) Sketch and explain open loop and closed loop temperature control system withblock diagrams.

(c) Briefly explain about positive feedback and negative feed back. [6+6+4]

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1. (a) Distinguish between direct and indirect methods of measurements with suit-able examples.

(b) Explain how first order instruments respond to ramp input. [6+10]

2. (a) List electrical transducers for measurement of linear and angular displacement.(b) Explain by means of neat sketches how wire wound and carbon film poten-

tiometers can be used for measurement if linear and angular displacement.[4+12]

3. (a) Describe the construction, working and theory of a Bridgman gauge for mea-surement of high pressures.

(b) Briefly explain the principle employed in manometers used for the measure-ment of pressure. [10+6]


5. (a) Is it stroboscope satisfactory for low speed say 100 -200 rpm, measurements?If not why?

(b) Why vibrations has to be measured. How vibrations are measured?

(c) Describe the Working principle of Vibration reed tachometer. [4+6+6]

6. (a) If a strain gauge has a low gauge factor, what does it indicate.

(b) Name the various types of strain gauges for different applications.

(c) Distinguish between bonded and unbonded type of resistance strain gauge.[3+3+10]

7. (a) What are proving rings? Explain how they can be used for measurement offorce using a vibrating reed and a micrometer.

(b) Sketch and explain the constructional details and working of a dew pointmeter. [8+8]

8. (a) With suitable examples, bring out the advantages of closed loop system overopen loop system.

(b) Draw a block diagram of the closed loop system considered above. Also explain

why negative feed back is invariably preferred in such systems. [8+8]

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1. (a) Distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary calibrations.

(b) State and explain the desirable static and dynamic characteristics of measuringinstruments. [6+10]

2. (a) What are thermopiles? What are their advantages?

(b) Explain by means of neat sketches, the working of total radiation pyrometer.[6+10]

3. Describe with a neat sketch the principle of working of

(a) McLeod Gauge

(b) Ionization Gauge

and also their advantages and limitations [8+8]

4. (a) Explain how a wire mounted normal to probe axis, type hot wire anemome-ter is used in flow measurement. Enumerate the principle of operation and itslimitations.

(b) List out the important of calibration of flow measuring instruments. [12+4]

5. (a) Define shock and vibrations.

(b) How seismic instruments used for measuring acceleration? Explain in detail.

(c) What are the advantages of piezoelectric type accelerometer? [4+8+4]

6. (a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of mechanical strain gauges over

optical srtain gauges.(b) A 200 strain gauge is bonded to a steel bar which is subjected to a tensile

load. Cross sectional area of the bar is 0.9 104m2 and E= 200GN/m2.Ifload of 100 kN produces a change of 1.5 in the gauge resistance. Determinethe gauge factor of the gauge. [6+10]

7. (a) Explain briefly how a stroboscopic is used to measure torque.

(b) Explain the method of measuring force using a pneumatic load cell. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain with neat block diagram of closed loop positioned system.

(b) Describe with neat sketch the closed loop speed control system. [6+10]

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*****

1 a) Obtain the simple form of radar range equation. Why it is not adequate to

describe the performance of practical radar? [8]

b) Calculate maximum range of radar which operates at 3 cm, with a peak power

of 600 Kw, if its antenna is m2and radar cross section area of target is 20 m 2. [8]

2 a) What do you understand by minimum detectable signal and maximum

range? [4]

b) Describe the prediction of range performance. [5]

c) Discuss pre and post detection integration of radar return pulses. [7]

3 a) Explain the radar system losses in detail. [10]

b) What is Doppler effect? An aircraft is moving with a velocity of 500 m/sec.

What is the Doppler frequency shift produces on a radar operating at 6 GHz. [6]

4 a) Draw the block diagram of FM-CW radar using side band super heterodyne

receiver and explain its operation. [10]

b) Discuss the sources of measurement errors of a radar altimeter. [6]

5 a) Explain the MTI radar with power amplifier transmitter in detail [8]

b) Explain the construction details of delay line cancellers. [8]

6 a) Draw the block diagram of range gated Doppler filters and explain. [12]b) Differentiate between MTI verses pulse Doppler radar. [4]

7 a) Explain in detail about sequential lobing. [8]

b) Discuss in detail target reflection characteristics and angular accuracy. [8]

8 a) What are different feeds used for paraboloids? Describe them briefly and

suggest the best feed giving reasons. [12]

b) Explain the significance of (f/D) ration in paraboloid antenna. [4]


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*****1 a) Describe the radar block diagram and operation. [8]

b) A ship board radar 0.9 sec pulse width, two small boats in the same direction are

separated in range 150 m. will radar detect the two boats as two targets. [2]

c) A pulse radar transmitter peak power of 1 MW. It has PRT equal to 1000 sec and

transmitted pulse width 1 sec. Calculate i) maximum unambiguous range

ii) Average power iii) duty cycle iv) Energy transmitted per second

v) Bandwidth [6]

2 a) Derive the radar equation by including noise figure and signal to noise ratio. [10]

b) What should be the pulse repetition frequency of a radar in order to achieve a

maximum unambiguous range. [2]

c) The bandwidth of an I.F. amplifier in a radar receiver in 1 MHz. If the threshold to

noise ratio is 12.8 dB. Determine the false alarm time. [4]

3 a) With a neat sketch, explain CW radar. [8]

b) Why CW radar cannot be used for range measurement? [3]

c) Discuss the various sources of errors that effect the performance of CW radar. [5]

4 a) How range and velocity measurements are made in FM-CW radar? Derive

expression for range with the help of frequency time diagram for triangular

modulation. [12]

b) An MTI radar operates at 8 GHz with a PRF of 3500 pps. Calculate the lowest

second blind speed of this radar? [4]

5 a) Describe in detail about MTI radar with power oscillator transmitter. [8]

b) What are the blind speeds in MTI radar? Derive an expression for blind speeds and

suggest, how they can be eliminated? [8]

6 a) Explain the principle of an amplitude comparison monopulse radar employing sum

and difference pattern principle. [12]

b) How range and angle tracking is done with a radar? [4]

7 Explain the matched filter receiver in detail. [16]

8 a) Illustrate the relationship between the aperture distribution and far field intensity

pattern of a rectangular aperture. Show that the intensity is of the form . [8]b) Explain about A-Scope and B-Scope [8]


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RADAR SYSTEMS


Time : 3 hours Max. Marks: 80Answer any Five Questions


*****

1 a) List the different radar frequencies and explain its applications. [8]

b) A pulse radar operating at 10 GHz has an antenna gain of 28 dB, and a

transmitter power of 2 KW (pulse power). It is designed to detect a target with a

cross section of 12 sq.m and minimum detectable signal is Pmin= - 90 dBm.

What is the maximum range of radar. [5]

c) A marine radar operating at 9 GHz has a maximum range of 50 Km with an

antenna gain of 4000. If the transmitter has a power of 250 KW and minimumdetectable signal of 10-11 W. Determine the cross section of the target, the radar

can sight. [3]

2 Explain the radar cross section of targets at different regions. Draw the graph

between cross section and diameter and indicate the significance. [16]

3 a) Draw the block diagram of CW Doppler radar with non-zero IF and explain. [8]

b) Discuss the applications of CW radar. [8]

4 a) Explain in detail about multiple frequency CW radar. [12]

b) An MTI radar operates at 10 GHz with a PRF of 800 pps. Calculate 3 blind

speeds of this radar. [4]

5 a) Discuss the delay line cancellers in detail. [8]

b) The phase difference between two radar signals is 45 . If the radar operates 10

GHz and the frequency difference between them is 450 Hz. Determine the other

frequency and range. [4]

c) Discuss the various factors that affect the improvement in signal to clutter ratio

of an MTI radar. [4]

6 a) Explain in detail about conical scan lobing. [12]b) What are the factors contributing to errors in an amplitude comparison system? [4]

7 a) Explain the cross correlation receiver with the help of neat block diagram. [5]

b) Define the noise figure. Obtain the noise figure if the networks are in cascade. [8]

c) Explain the measurement procedure of noise figure. [3]

8 a) Explain how beam steering is achieved in phased array antennas. [8]

b) Write the short notes on i) PPI- Scope ii) L-Scope [8]


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RADAR SYSTEMS





*****

1 a) Discuss the applications of radar in detail. [8]

b) A radar operates at 5 GHz with 2.5 MW power output. If the antenna diameter is

5 m, the receiver bandwidth is 1.6 MHz and has a 12 dB noise figure. What is the

maximum detection range for 1 m2 target. [5]

c) Define unambiguous range of radar. Draw the plot between unambiguous rangeand pulse repetition frequency. [3]

2 a) Explain the pulse repetition frequency and range ambiguities with neat diagram. [10]

b) The transmitted power of a radar is 100 W. The transmitting antenna gain is 15

dB. The plumbing loss from transmitter to the antenna is 5 dB. Find the power in

dBW specified at the terminals a receiving antenna of gain 20 dB located at a

distance of 10 Kms at a frequency of 10 GHz. [6]

3 a) Draw the diagram and explain IF Doppler filter bank its frequency response

characteristics in detail. [8]

b) Explain the measurement of Doppler distortion in detail using synchronous twophase motor. [8]

4 a) Draw the block diagram of an MTI radar which uses power amplifier and

explain. [12]

b) Differentiate between MTI and pulse radar operations. [4]

5 a) Explain staggered and, pulse repetition frequencies in detail. [8]

b) Draw the block diagram of non-coherent MTI radar and explain its operation. [8]

6 a) Differentiate between tracking mode and search mode. What is an acquisition

radar? Explain. [8]

b) Compare the various tracking methods. [6]

c) Mentioned the principle of track-while scan. [2]

7 a) Discuss the branch type and balanced type duplexers. [8]

b) Explain about radar receiver protectors. [8]

8 a) Discuss the phased array antenna in detail. [8]

b) Explain the frequency scan array in detail. [8]


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IV B.Tech I Semester Supplementary Examinations, May/Jun 2014SOFTWARE PROJECT MANAGEMENT

( Common to Computer Science & Engineering and InformationTechnology)

Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80Answer any FIVE Questions


1. Compare and contrast Large scale system to that of water fall Model? [16]

2. Describe the rigorous engineering activities that expose the architectural issues?[16]

3. Describe the artifact sequences across a typical life cycle? [16]

4. Describe the states that evolve through a project environment artifact. [16]

5. (a) What are typical minor milestones in the life-cycle of iteration? Explain peri-odic status assessments.

(b) Explain planning guidelines. [8+8]

6. (a) With the help of a neat diagram, explain the software team evolution over the

life cycle.

(b) What are the states of SCO? Explain with an example. [8+8]

7. (a) Define metric. Explain reliability metrics.

(b) Write the basic parameters of earned value system? [8+8]

8. (a) Explain continuous integration.

(b) Give the context of CCPDS-R. [8+8]

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1. What is adversarial stakeholder relationship? Explain. [16]

2. Summarize the characteristics of a successful object oriented project? [16]

3. Provide a default outline for a vision document. [16]

4. Object oriented modeling is the key in SDLC relate the nine diagrams to the viewsof iteration process. [16]

5. (a) Conventional work break down structures are prematurely structured aroundthe product design. Discuss.

(b) Explain life-cycle objectives milestone and life-cycle architecture milestone.[8+8]

6. (a) What are four important environment disciplines?

(b) Write the responsibilities of the following:

i. Software assessment team

ii. Software development team

iii. Software architecture team. [4+12]

7. (a) The software used to control a photocopier requires 32,000 lines of C and 4200lines of Smalltalk. Estimate the number of function points for the softwareinside the copier.

(b) What are CMM levels? Explain. [8+8]

8. Discuss about next-generation cost models. [16]

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1. Describe the improvements done to the basic waterfall process that would eliminatemost of the development risks? [16]

2. State the staffing principles in examining the staff of a software project given byBoehm? [16]

3. Describe the two stages of the life cycle to active economies of scale and higherreturns on investment. [16]

4. State & explain the seven top level software process workflows. [16]

5. (a) What does periodic status assessments provide?

(b) Write about life-cycle objectives milestone.

(c) Explain project-independent planning.(d) Conventional WBSs are project-specific and cross-product comparisons are

usually difficult or impossible. Explain. [4+4+4+4]

6. (a) Define meta process, macro process and micro process.

(b) Discuss about the activities of software management team.

(c) Explain CCB. [6+6+4]

7. (a) What are management indicators?

(b) What are quality indicators? [8+8]

8. (a) Discuss about culture shifts.

(b) Explain the incremental test process. [8+8]

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1. Describe the various objectives used for the measurement of software size? [16]

2. Summarize the characteristics of a successful object oriented project? [16]

3. Provide a default outline for a vision document. [16]

4. Describe the states that evolve through a project environment artifact. [16]

5. (a) Name three types of stakeholders.

(b) List the steps to identify the stakeholders.

(c) What are the guidelines for specifying project pay offs?

(d) List five types of software, a project typically needs. [4+4+4+4]

6. (a) What are the sources of change? Why should change be made in a controlledway?

(b) Define a configuration baseline. [10+6]

7. (a) What are the steps to leveraging measurements?

(b) Explain with example Software Project Control Panel. [8+8]

8. Discuss about Ada COCOMO. [16]

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