A86045’Accoun,ng’and’Financial’ Repor,ng’(2014 ...my.liuc.it/MatSup/2014/A86045/Session 3 Slides 2014 - 2015.pdf · Rao’analysis’–Recap’ Session2’ A’86045’Accoun,ng’and’Financial’

A86045 Accoun,ng and Financial Repor,ng (2014/2015)

Session 3 Financial Analysis Cont’d

Paul G. Smith B.A., F.C.A.

Course Objec,ves

A 86045 Accoun,ng and Financial Repor,ng 2

At the end of this course students will be able to: •  Read and perform a high level interpreta2on of the financial statements of companies applying interna9onal accoun9ng standards

•  Iden2fy and evaluate the impact on a companies accounts of alterna9ve accoun9ng methods

•  Carry out a high level assessment of the the economic-‐ financial posi9on of a company repor9ng under IAS/IFRS.

Course Overview


1. Financial repor,ng under IFRS 13. Accounts receivable

2. Financial analysis and ra,os 14. Inventories

3. Financial analysis and ra,os cont’d 15. Review

4. Review 16. Taxa,on (direct and indirect)

5. Revenues 17. Non-‐financial liabili,es

6. Costs and expenses 18. Review

7. Intangible assets 19. Review

8. Tangible assets 20. Cash Flow Statement

9. Impairment of assets/Review 21. Review

10. Financial leases 22. Group accounts

11. Review 23. Business combina,ons

12. Non-‐current financial assets/liabili,es 24. Review

Mid term test Final test

SESSION 3 OVERVIEW


Session 3 Overview

Mins

Session overview and objec,ves 5

Review of pre-‐work and session 2 recap 5

Ra,o analysis – Recap Session 2 45

Trend analysis – Using RA2 35

Common size analysis – Using RA1 35

Required reading and assignment for next session 5

Summary and valida,on, overview of session 4 5

135

5 A 86045 Accoun,ng and Financial Repor,ng

Objec,ves of Session 3


At the end of this session session students will be able to: •  Apply the basic techniques of financial analysis

•  Ra,o analysis •  Trend analysis •  Common size analysis

•  Perform a high level assessment of a company’s: •  Profitability •  Liquidity •  Efficiency •  Investment

SESSION 2 RECAP AND PRE-‐WORK


Session 2 summary

•  Financial analysis •  Ra,o analysis – profitability –  liquidity – Efficiency –  investment


Pre-‐work for Session 3

•  Using the Annual Report for your chosen company and the template you prepared aber session 1 complete Research Assignment Template RA2 and perform the following: – Prepare a three year trend analysis of the key income statement and two year balance sheet ra,os as per the template provided.

– Try and understand from the Annual Report the reasons for any significant fluctua,ons

N.B. This will be the basis for Session 3 A 86045 Accoun,ng and Financial

Repor,ng 9

RATIO ANALYSIS


Ra,o analysis •  Profitability

–  Gross margin –  Opera,ng margin –  Net profit margin –  Return on capital employed (ROCE) –  Return on equity (ROE)

•  Liquidity –  Current ra,o –  Quick ra,o (acid test)

•  Efficiency –  Asset turnover –  Inventory turnover /DOI –  Accounts receivable turnover/DSO –  Accounts payable turnover/DPO

•  Investment ra,os –  Earnings per share (EPS) –  Price earnings ra,o (P/E) –  Dividend cover –  Dividend yield –  Capital Gearing/Leverage –  Interest cover


Ra2os are useful to understand a company’s situa2on. However, they can be even more useful if we compare and confront them both over 2me and with other companies.

Ra,o analysis – Recap Session 2


Company Year ended

Income Statement € millions Statement of financial posiBon € millions Non-‐current assets

Net sales Goodwill Other revenues Intangible assets

Total Revenues 0 Property, plant & equipment Cost of sales Investments

Gross profit 0 Loans/advances to customers Opera,ng expenses Deferred taxes Research & development Other Selling, general and administra,ve expenses 0 Other income (expense) Current assets

Opera9ng profit 0 Inventories/LT contracts Finance income (expense) Trade receivables Share of result of JVs and associated companies Loans /advances to customers

Pre-‐tax income 0 Other current assets Income tax Short-‐term investments

Net profit con9nuing opera9ons 0 Cash Discon,nued opera,ons Assets held for disposal

Net profit 0 0

Total assets 0

Current liabiliBes Short-‐term borrowings Trade payables Consumer credit finance Income taxes Provisions Other current liabili,es Liabili,es held for disposal

0 Non-‐current liabiliBes Long-‐term borrowings Provisions Pensions and employee benefits Consumer credit finance Other

0 Shareholders' equity Total equity and liabili,es 0

Session 3 SM 1 Ra,o analysis Europe’s Top 50 Companies


For your chosen company, compare with your classifica,on of the input data and the calcula,ons of the ra,os. Bring any ques,ons to our next Review Session

TREND ANALYSIS


Trend analysis •  Profitability






Ask students, using their pre-‐work RA 2 Template to comment on the trends for each ra2o for the last two/three years and any rela2onships/trends that emerge.

2013 2012 2011

SM 2 Company summaries


RA2$Research$assignment$template$

A86045$Accounting$and$Financiakl$Reporting Paul$G.$Smith

Research$assignment$templateCompany$Siemens %$Change %$Change %$Change

On$PY 2013 On$PY 2012 2011 On$PY 2013 2012Income.Statement Statement.of.financial.position €$millions €$millions

€$millions €$millions €$millions Non5current.assetsNet$sales G2% 75,882 7% 77,395 72,526 Goodwill 5% 17,883 17,069Other$revenues #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Intangible$assets 10% 5,057 4,595

Total&revenues G2% 75,882 7% 77,395 72,526 Property,$plant$&$equipment G9% 9,815 10,763Cost$of$sales G1% (55,053) 10% (55,470) (50,619) Investments G32% 3,022 4,436

Gross&profit G5% 20,829 0% 21,925 21,907 Other$financial$assets 3% 15,117 14,666Operating$expenses Deferred$taxes G14% 3,234 3,748Research$&$development (4,291) (4,245) (3,903) Other$ 3% 871 846Selling,$general$and$administrative$expenses 2% (11,286) 9% (11,043) (10,146) G2% 54,999 56,123Depreciation,$ammortization$and$provisions #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Current.assetsOther$income$(expense) G52% 76 193% 158 54 Inventories/LongGterm$contracts G1% 15,560 15,679

Operating&profit G22% 5,328 G14% 6,795 7,912 Trade$receivables G2% 14,853 15,220Finance$income$(expense) G97% 5 G75% 174 705 Other$financial$assets 12% 3,250 2,901Share$of$result$of$associated$companies G253% 510 G328% (333) 146 Other$current$assets G1% 2,091 2,113

Pre4tax&profit G12% 5,843 G24% 6,636 8,763 ShortGterm$investments 15% 600 524Income$tax G18% (1,630) G7% (1,994) (2,137) Cash G16% 9,190 10,891

Net&profit&continuing&operations G9% 4,213 G30% 4,642 6,626 Assets$held$for$disposal G71% 1,393 4,799Discontinued$operations G155% 197 G50% (360) (727) G10% 46,937 52,127

Net&profit 3% 4,410 G27% 4,282 5,899Total$assets G6% 101,936 108,250

ProfitabilityGross$margin 27% 28% 30% Current.liabilitiesOperating$margin 7% 9% 11% ShortGterm$Borrowings G49% 1,944 3,826Net$profit$margin 6% 6% 8% Trade$payables G5% 7,599 8,036Return$on$equity 15% 14% Other$financial$liabilities 4% 1,515 1,460Return$on$Capital$employed$(ROCE) 11% 14% Income$taxes G2% 2,151 2,204

Provisions G6% 4,485 4,750Liquidity Other$current$liabilities G3% 19,701 20,302Current$ratio 1.2 1.2 Liabilities$held$for$disposal G77% 473 2,049Quick$ratio 0.8 0.9 G11% 37,868 42,627

Non5current.liabilitiesEfficiency.ratios LongGterm$Borrowings 10% 18,509 16,880Asset$Turnover 1.4 1.4 Provisions 0% 3,907 3,908Inventory$holding$period$(DOI) 103 103 Other$financial$liabilities 9% 1,184 1,083Inventory$turnover 3.5 3.5 Pensions$and$employee$benefits G5% 9,265 9,801Trade$receivables$collection$period$(DSO) 71.4 71.8 Other$ 2% 2,578 2,528Trade$payable$payment$period$(DPO) 50.4 52.9 35,443 34,200

Shareholders'$equity G9% 28,625 31,423Investment.ratios Total$equity$and$liabilities G6% 101,936 108,250Earnings$per$share$(EPS) 5.30 4.74 4.74Price$Earnings$ratio$(P/E) 16.8 16.4Dividend$cover 1.77 1.58 Number$of$shares$outstanding 0% 881,000,000 881,000,000Dividend$yield 3% 4% Share$price 15% 89.06 77.61Debt/Equity$ratio$(Gearing) 0.4 0.3 Market$capitalization 15% 78,462 68,374Interest$cover (1,065.6) (39.1) (11.2) Dividend$per$share 0% 3.00 3.00

OtherEffective$tax$rate 28% 30% 24%R&D$as$a$%$of$revenues 6% 5% 5%Intangibles$as$a$%$of$total$assets 23% 20%Intangibles$as$a$%$of$equity 80% 69%

NB..In.the.income.statement.insert.negaEve.numbers.with.a.minus.sign.

COMMON SIZE ANALYSIS


Common size analysis •  Profitability






Use Session 3 SM 2 Common Size Ra2o Analysis to review the latest year’s raBos for each of the companies selected by the students

Company 1 Company 2 Company 3

Session 3 SM 3 Common size analysis


Session'3'SM'2'Common'size'analysis

A86045'Accounting'and'Financial'Reporting Paul'G.'Smith

Siem

ens

Novartis

Vodafone

'

Telefonica

Shell

BP ENI

BG'Group

Total

LVMH

L'Oreal

Nestlé

Unilever

Inditex

H&M

Volksw

agen

BMW

BNP'Parib

as

HSBC

Rio'Tinto'

RatiosProfitabilityGross'Margin 27% 68% 31% 0% 22% 21% 28% 85% 29% 66% 71% 48% 41% 59% 59% 18% 18% 68% 83% 82%Operating'margin 7% 19% \4% 17% 6% 8% 8% 19% 10% 20% 16% 14% 15% 18% 17% 6% 6% 14% 28% 15%Net'profit'margin 11% 16% 2% 9% 4% 6% 4% 13% 5% 14% 13% 11% 11% 14% 13% 5% 7% 9% 25% 2%Return'on'capital'employed'(ROCE) 9% 7% 0% 4% 5% 8% 4% 3% 5% 7% 9% 9% 12% 17% 26% 3% 7% 0% 1% 1%Return'on'equity 15% 12% 1% 18% 9% 18% 8% 7% 12% 14% 13% 16% 36% 26% 38% 10% 27% 6% 9% 2%LiquidityCurrent'ratio 1.24 1.16 0.75 1.00 1.11 1.33 1.44 1.72 1.37 1.37 1.42 0.91 0.70 1.95 2.25 1.03 1.07 0.85 0.77 1.45Quick'ratio 0.83 0.88 0.73 0.97 0.79 0.93 1.19 1.61 1.01 0.64 1.09 0.66 0.47 1.47 1.29 0.79 0.80 0.85 0.77 1.08EfficiencyAsset'turnover 1.38 0.46 0.31 0.48 1.26 1.24 0.82 0.29 0.99 0.52 0.73 0.77 1.09 1.22 1.96 0.97 0.63 0.03 0.03 0.46Inventory'holding'period'(DOI) 103 135 5 31 36 37 101 48 312 119 64 49 90 116 65 58 0 0 222Inventory'turnover 3.54 7.97 98.77 57.93 15.04 12.97 13.37 22.90 10.71 3.39 10.64 10.99 12.65 9.97 7.70 6.88 6.72 8.92Trade'receivables'collection'(DSO) 60 52 64 51 43 32 76 109 30 23 43 40 30 15 7 21 74 0 0 28Trade'payables'payment'(DPO) 62 114 194 72 58 103 681 65 120 185 122 146 179 34 41 45 0 0 325Investment8ratiosEarning'per'share 5.3 3.76 0.87 1.01 2.60 123.87 1.42 64.8 3.73 6.87 5.13 3.14 1.71 3.81 10.36 18.63 8.10 3.69 0.84 198Price'earnings'ratio'P/E 16.80 18.94 214.48 11.72 27.41 17.46 12.68 0.20 11.94 19.30 24.89 20.57 37.40 29.06 26.83 10.96 10.52 15.35 13.08 0.28Dividend'cover 1.77 1.53 0.09 2.89 1.44 5.29 1.29 2.25 1.57 2.29 2.05 1.46 1.63 1.57 1.09 4.66 3.09 2.46 1.75 1.03Dividend'yield 3% 3% 5% 3% 3% 1% 6% 221% 5% 2% 2% 3% 2% 2% 3% 2% 3% 3% 4% 340%Debt/Equity'ratio'(Gearing) 0.65 0.15 0.40 1.86 0.20 0.31 0.31 0.53 0.33 0.15 0.00 0.16 0.51 0.00 0.00 1.46 0.78 0.00 0.00 0.46Interest'cover 1,170'' 13 1 1 19 19 13 33 31 28 93 21 12 169 64 3 16 0OtherEffective'tax'rate 28% 13% 79% 21% 51% 21% 64% 43% 56% 31% 26% 24% 26% 22% 24% 26% 33% 34% 21% 69%Intangibles'as'%'Total'Assets 23% 47% 37% 35% 1% 11% 3% 6% 8% 38% 29% 36% 46% 6% 3% 0% 18% 1% 1% 6%Intangibles'as'%'of'Equity 80% 79% 72% 153% 2% 26% 7% 12% 18% 77% 40% 68% 141% 9% 5% 0% 65% 14% 16% 13%R&D'as'%'of'Revenues 6% 17% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 4% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

N:B: Even though all these companies are of varying sizes and the underlying data is in the repor9ng currency of each of the companies i.e €, $, £, CHF, SEK, they can easily be compared using these ra9os

SUMMARY, VALIDATION AND PRE-‐WORK SESSION 4


Sessions 1-‐3 Summary

•  The 4 basic financial statements, presenta,on op,ons and basic underlying assump,ons

•  Linkages between the financial statements •  Basic bookkeeping •  Financial analysis, ra,o analysis, common size analysis and trend analysis

•  Importance of industry context and understanding


Session Valida,on

•  Name the 4 financial statements required by IFRS and the presenta,on op,ons available for each of these

•  What is meant by a company’s “Gearing” ra,o?

•  What is the defini,on of a current asset or current liability?

•  What is “DSO” and what is the op,mum DSO for a company?


Overview of Session 4

•  In Session 4 we will Review what we have done so far

•  Work through the examples that have been provided for your chosen company and come prepared with ques,ons for anything that you don’t understand.

•  We will use some addi,onal companies to understand some industry differences


Required Reading Recap

•  Reading – Melville

•  Chapter 3 – Presenta,on of Financial Statements •  Chapter 9 – Accoun,ng policies, accoun,ng es,mates and errors

•  Chapter 22 -‐ Ra,o Analysis

–  IFRS •  IAS 1Presenta,on of Financial Statements •  IASB Technical summaries IAS 8, IFRS 5, IFRS 8, IAS 10, IAS 20, IAS 21, IAS 24, IAS 33, IAS 34


Documents

A86045’Accoun,ng’and’Financial’ Repor,ng’(2014 ...my.liuc.it/MatSup/2014/A86045/Session 3 Slides 2014 - 2015.pdf · Rao’analysis’–Recap’ Session2’ A’86045’Accoun,ng’and’Financial’