TUSFG

States =/= USFG

1. Negative Interpretation flawed- Federal law in the area of drone regulation has long been understood to pre-empt state lawSilversmith 13(Jol A. Silversmith is a member of the District of Columbia Bar, the Massachusetts Bar and the Maryland Bar. Mr. Silversmith serves as a Director and the Secretary of the Greater Washington Business Aviation Association and is a member of the National Business Aviation Association's Access Committee. In May 2013, he was a recipient of NBAA’s Silk Scarf Award, recognizing his contributions to the business aviation community. “You Can’t Regulate This: State Regulation of the Private Use of Unmanned Aircraft” http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/air_space_lawyer/2013_december/ASL_V26N3_WINTER13_Silversmith.authcheckdam.pdf)

The U.S. Constitution provides that federal laws are the “supreme law of the land.” In the context of aviation, the doctrine of field preemption—that state action is preempted because Congress intended to occupy the entire regulatory field—has been held by many courts to generally prohibit state regulation of aircraft safety and operations. Underlying this position is that the U.S. government by statute “has exclusive sovereignty of airspace of the United States . ”9 As the Supreme Court explained more than 40 years ago in an opinion invalidating a locally imposed curfew on aircraft noise, “a uniform and exclusive system of federal regulation” is required “if the congressional objectives underlying the

Federal Aviation Act are to be fulfilled.”10 Thus, in the context of aviation, federal preemption long has been understood to sweep with a wide broom.

2. Counter-interpretation: USFG is the three branchesUSFG, 15 "USA.gov is the U.S. government's official web portal" http://www.usa.gov/Agencies/federal.shtml

U.S. Federal Government - The three branches of U.S. government—legislative, judicial, and executive—carry out governmental power and functions.

3. Standards:

A. Field Contextual: Our definition is straight for the USFG.B. Common Person: Everyone considers the USFG three branches, and most everyone

understands that federal law pre-empts state lawC. Real World: any action is enforced by all three branches.

4. A2 Neg Standards- A. Limits : The affirmative only does federal actions by- passing the “Protecting Individuals From

Mass Aerial Surveillance Act of 2015'' We fairly limit the debate round. B. Bright Line : Our definition provides a clear distinction between federal and non-federal

action. All we do is pass a federal piece of legislationC. Framer’s Intent : The framers asked us to debate curtailing domestic surveillance. We do

exactly that.D. Education : We provide the same amount of topic education as any other affirmative this

year. We curtail domestic surveillance.E. Ground : We provide more ground. We increase the amount of “circumvention” arguments

they can run against us but don’t explode the ground into abstract or unreasonable ways. F. Fairness : Saying the USFG is all three branches is an entirely fair interpretation.

5. Voters:

A. Reasonability

B. Clash Checks Abuse CURTAIL

1. We meet- WKelli Sladick, Feb. 26, 2015, (Kelli Sladick, Journalist and writer, “To the Governor’s Desk: Virginia Bill Bans Warrantless Drone Surveillance”, tenthamendmentcenter.com http://blog.tenthamendmentcenter.com/2015/02/to-the-governors-desk-virginia-bill-bans-warrantless-drone-surveillance/, accessed date: 07/15/15) Salehitezangi Impact on the Federal Surveillance State Although SB1301 focuses exclusively on state and local drone use and does not apply

directly federal agencies, the legislation would throw a high hurdle in front of some federal programs. Much of the funding for drones at the state and local level comes from the federal government , in and of itself a constitutional violation. In return, federal agencies tap into the information gathered by state and local law enforcement through fusion centers and a federal program known as the information sharing environment. According to its website, the ISE “provides analysts, operators, and investigators with information needed to enhance national security. These analysts, operators, and investigators… have mission needs to collaborate and share information with each other and with private sector partners and our foreign allies.” In other words, ISE serves as a conduit for the sharing of information gathered without a warrant.

The federal government encourages and funds a network of drones at the state and local level across the U.S., thereby gaining access to a massive data pool on Americans without having to expend the resources to collect the information itsel f. By placing restrictions on drone use, state and local governments limit the data available that the feds can access. In a nutshell,

without state and local cooperation, the feds have a much more difficult time gathering information. This represents a

major blow to the surveillance state and a win for privacy.

1. Counter-Interp: “Curtail” means to reduce or limit Collins Dictionary 2015, http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/curtail

English: curtail If you curtail something, you reduce or limit it . VERBThere are plans to curtail the number of troops being sent to the region.

2. “Limit” means to prevent or stop something from being moreMerriam-Webster, 15 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/limitto stop or prevent an increase in (something) : to keep (something) from becoming greater to prevent (something) from

being larger, longer, more, etc. : to place a limit on the size or extent of (something) : to stop (someone) from having or doing more : to place a limit on (someone)

3. Prefer our Interpretation:

A. Dictionary Definitions: Dictionaries are written by lexicographers who study the meanings of words, we are the most accurate representation of the word.

B. Precision: By going further and defining “limit” we provide the most precise definition of what curtail means.

C. Common Person: The most common and accepted definition of curtail is to reduce or limit, its one that everyone knows.

4. Topicality isn’t a voter

A. Clash Checks Abuse

B. Reasonability

C. We are the core of the topic

DOMESTIC SURVEILLANCE

“Domestic Surveillance” Includes Drones By Evan Ackerman, Posted 19 Dec 2011 | 12:55 GMT, IEEE Spectrum, Could Domestic Surveillance Drones Spur Tougher Privacy Laws?, http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/military-robots/could-domestic-surveillance-drones-spur-tougher-privacy-laws, In a recent article in the Stanford Law Review, Ryan Calo discusses how domestic surveillance drones would fit into the current legal definitions of privacy (and violations thereof), and how these issues could inform the future of privacy policy. The nutshell? Surveillance robots have the potential to fundamentally degrade privacy to such an extent that they could serve as a catalyst for reform. Domestic surveillance robots aren't as much of an issue now as they could be, thanks mostly to the stick-in-the-muddedness of the FAA that keeps unmanned aircraft from doing anything exciting. But eventually, that's going to change, and there are already precedents (legal ones) for how domestic agencies might (read: will) start using robots. Basically, there seems to be essentially no legal restrictions which would prevent the police from having drones flying around all the time, watching people