A2 Section A Languages and Media Theories

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    MEDIA LANGUAGE

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    what is meant by media language?

    The way that meaning is made using the

    conventions of the particular medium and type

    of media product. A broader category allowing

    candidates to write about elements of semiotics,

    genre, narrative, design, structure, codes and

    conventions, time and space, aesthetics, spoken,

    written and visual language to name just a fewexamples.

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    Signifier and Signified

    What is being Signified in these images?

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    Hegemony Definition:

    The predominant influence, as of a

    state, region, or group, over anotheror others.

    Moore explores our local hegemonic structure somewhatinadvertently. Taking the Columbine shootings as his point ofdeparture and aiming to understand why Americans are so prone toshoot one another, he performs a chain of interviews that lead himfrom Colorado to Michigan to Canada to California and elsewhere. Bysimply letting the content of his previous interview point the way to his

    next, he does not answer his central question so much as simply createan impression of the ways in which society with its institutions andattitudes takes shape and perpetuates itself.

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUSpszWfu_w

    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUSpszWfu_whttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUSpszWfu_w
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    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dm7gLZ3nED0&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dm7gLZ3nED0&feature=related
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    ENCODING and DECODING: simply is what

    the audience reads/makes sense of; from

    the text/film.

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    A language, by definition, is a semiotic process throughwhich thought may be conveyed, but a language system (orlinguistic system) enables a response to that thought usingthe degrees and kinds of signs and signifiers produced bythe language. Film uses not only words, but also different

    kinds of shots, angles and speeds; therefore, while theaudience can react to a film's semantic intent, thataudience cannot address its concerns regarding the film inthe same language the film used to convey its argument.For that reason, Robert Stam, Robert Burgoyne, and Sandy

    Flitterman-Lewis advance Christian Metzs argument thatwhile the means by which film expresses itself to itsaudience constitutes a language, it cannot constitute alinguistic system. Metz argues that

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    Audience: The group of consumers for whom the media text was constructed as well as anyone else who is exposed to the text. Connotation: A description of value, meaning or ideology associated with a media text.

    Construct or Construction: As a verb, the process by which a media text is shaped and given meaning. This process is subject to a variety of decisions and is designed to keep the audienceinterested in the text.

    As a noun, a fictional or documentary text that appears to be "natural" or a "reflection of reality" but is, in fact, shaped and given meaning through the process already described.

    Critical: A reflective position on the meaning, biases or value messages of a text. Critical Viewing is the ability to use critical thinking skills to view, question, analyze and understandissues presented overtly and covertly in movies, videos, television and other visual media.

    Deconstruct: To take apart, analyze, or break down a media text into its component parts in order to understandhow and why it was created.

    Demographics: Recognizable characteristics of media consumers such as age, gender, education and income level.

    Denotation: A description of a media text indicating its common sense, obvious meaning.

    Docudrama: A filmed dramatization based on fact that combines documentary and fictional elements. In the production process, "based on" allows the creators of the text wide creativelatitude. At its best, a docudrama can be a skillful representation of a real person or event.

    Genre: A category of media texts characterized by a particular style, form or content.

    Ideology: How we as individuals understand the world in which we live. This understanding involves an interaction between our individual psychology and the social structures thatsurround us. Mediating between these are the individual processes of communication, as well as the technological processes of the mass media.

    Industry: The agencies and institutions involved with the production of media texts. The term is also used in a more narrow sense to describe the commercial production of media textsfor the purpose of making a profit.

    Jolts: Moments in a media text that are generated by a broad comedy, a violent act, movement within a frame, a loud noise, rapid editing, a profanity or a sexually explicitrepresentationall of which are calculated to engage an audience's excitement.

    Mass Media: Media Education The process by which individuals learn the technical production skills associated with creating media texts. Traditionally, it has not included the intellectualprocesses of critical consumption or deconstruction; however, modern interpretations often include these processes.

    Media Literacy: The process of understanding and using the mass media in an assertive and non-passive way. This includes an informed and critical understanding of the nature of themedia, the techniques used by them and the impact of these techniques.

    Medium: The singular form of "media." This term usually describes individual forms such as radio, television, film etc.

    Media: The plural form of "medium." This term has come to mean all the industrial forms of mass communication combined.

    Narrative: The telling of a plot or story. In a media text, narrative is the coherent sequencing of events across time and space.

    Negotiate: The process by which members of the audience individually or collectively interpret, deconstruct and find meaning within a media text.

    Oppositional: A critical position that is in opposition to the values and ideology intended by the creators of a media text.

    Production: The industrial process of creating media texts as well as the people who are engaged in this process.

    Production Values: Describes the quality of a media productionwhich is generally proportional to the money and technology expended on it.

    Psychographics: A more sophisticated form of demographics that includes information about the psychological and sociological characteristics of media consumers, such as attitudes,values, emotional responses and ideological beliefs.

    Representation:The process by which a constructed media text stands for, symbolizes, describes or represents people, places, events or ideas that are real and have an existence outsidethe text.

    Technology: The machinery, tools and materials required to produce a media text. In media literacy terms, technology greatly impacts upon the construction and connotation of a text.

    Text: The individual results of media production: a movie, a TV episode, a book, an issue of a magazine or newspaper, an advertisement, an album, a CD, etc.