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Lesson 1 – An Introduction to the Spanish Language
Nombre _________________________ Fecha _____________________________________
The History of the Spanish Language From: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACQX5nMl2wQ Did you know that by 2050, 10% of the world’s population will speak Spanish and that the United States will be the largest Spanish-speaking country? How did this language become quite so…big? A wander through the history of Spanish reveals a tale of fallen empires and a Europe in flex, but our story begins with the simple introduction. Spanish, meet Latin. Latin, meet Spanish. Latin: Hello friend! How are you? Heus, amice! Quid agis? Spanish: Hello friend! Good, thanks! And you? ¡Hola amigo! ¡Bien, gracias! ¿Y tú? Latin: Good, thanks! Bene, gratis! See the similarities? Latin is the mother and the father of Spanish. When the Romans ruled Europe, Latin was the language of the Iberian Peninsula. The Roman Empire fell in the 5th century and different dialects of Latin evolved. These dialects became the Romance Languages (Spanish, Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, French, etc.), so named because they came from Rome. A glance through a dictionary shows Latin’s profound influence on Spanish. In the 8th century, the Moors invaded Spain and introduced Arabic. Around 4000 words in Spanish dictionaries come from Arabic, particularly in the fields of science, technology, agriculture and trade, including many place names. ‘Al’ is ‘the’ in Arabic, and most Spanish words beginning in ‘al-’ came from Arabic (algebra, Alcatraz, Alhambra). Little did Arnold Schwarzenegger’s ‘Terminator’ know that he was speaking Spanish and Arabic when he said “Hasta la vista, baby”. After 700 years of power struggles, King Alfonso X decreed that Castilian, a formal dialect of Spanish be used for all official documents, and…tadaa, Spanish was the official language of Spain. In 1492, the last Muslim stronghold of Granada fell, and Spain was united. Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic and the rest is historia. As Spanish mingled with the languages of Mexico, the Americas and the Caribbean, each language gave Castilian twists which still exist today. But the linguistic learning traffic wasn’t all one-way. Spanish borrowed from native languages, particularly the things that didn’t exist in their old world. From the Incan language: condor, quinoa, llama From the Nahuatl language: tomate, coyote, chocolate Today, Spanish is thriving. It’s the first language of 390 million people, and an official language in 21 countries. In the US, it is the most taught second language. It’s the language of Don Quijote, Gabriel García Márquez, Pablo Picasso, Pedro Álmodovar, and Shakira.
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Spanish is the official language in these countries:
España Colombia Uruguay
México Venezuela Cuba
Guatemala Ecuador República Dominicana
Honduras Perú Puerto Rico
El Salvador Bolivia Guinea Ecuatorial
Nicaragua Chile
Panamá Argentina
Costa Rica Paraguay
Some familiar Spanish words:
Taco Tortilla Guacamole Salsa Chihuahua
Iguana San Francisco Los Angeles Mosquito Piñata
Cognates – Words that are similar in spelling and meaning in Spanish and English.
Arrogante Especial Horrible Natural Popular Ideal
El actor El chocolate El error El honor La radio El doctor
Calcular Decidir Imaginar Utilizar Usar Organizar
False Friends – Words spelt similarly but have different meanings.
Embarazada Pregnant
Actual Current
Asistir Attend
La carpeta File/folder
El vaso Drinking glass
La ropa Clothing
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The Alphabet / El Alfabeto
The Accent / El Tilde
The Vowels / Las vocals
ce, ci // ca, co, cu
ge, gi // ga, go, gu
Always silent
Aspirated
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The Consonants / Las consonants
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Numbers 1 to 10 / Los Números de 1 a 10
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The Months of the Year / Los Meses del Año
The Days of the Week / Los Días de la Semana
lunes martes miércoles jueves viernes sábado domingo
The year / El Año
0 Cero
The months of the year are written in lowercase letters.
2014 = dos mil catorce
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Activity
a. Spell out your name in Spanish.
E.g.: Mark = eme-a-ere-ka
____________________ = _____________________________________
b. Now, try spelling these words in Spanish.
1. Té ____________________________________________
2. Agua ____________________________________________
3. Mesa ____________________________________________
4. Naranja ____________________________________________
5. Queso ____________________________________________
c. Say out your phone number (número de teléfono) in Spanish.
E.g.: 5629 7296 = cinco-seis-dos-nueve-siete-dos-nueve-seis
_____________________=____________________________________________________
d. Spell out your email address (correo electrónico) in Spanish using the guide below to help you.
@ arroba . punto - guión _ guión bajo
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
To spell a vowel that carries an accent, just say the vowel and add ‘con tilde’ behind. E.g.: á = a con tilde
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Basic Words / Palabras Básicas Sí : _______________________________________
No : _______________________________________
Gracias : _______________________________________
De nada : _______________________________________
Por favor : _______________________________________
Lo siento : _______________________________________
Greetings / Saludos
Hola : _______________________________________
Adiós : _______________________________________
Buenos días : _______________________________________
Buenas tardes : _______________________________________
Buenas noches : _______________________________________
Hasta luego : _______________________________________
Simple Phrases / Frases Sencillas
¿Cómo estás? / ¿Qué tal? : ______________________________________________________
Estoy bien, gracias. : ______________________________________________________
¿Y tú? : ______________________________________________________
Estoy bien también, gracias. : ______________________________________________________
¿Cómo te llamas? : ______________________________________________________
Me llamo … : ______________________________________________________
Yo soy … : ______________________________________________________
¿De dónde eres? : ______________________________________________________
Yo soy de … : ______________________________________________________
¿Cuántos años tienes? : ______________________________________________________
Yo tengo … años. : ______________________________________________________
