Today’s APOD

Read NASA website: solarsystem.nasa.gov

Hand in 2nd Homework TODAY (3rd due Friday)

IN-CLASS QUIZ THIS FRIDAY!!Solar Lab, Kirkwood, Rooftop this

weekThe Sun Today

A100 Solar SystemExploration

Events this week

Sept. 30 – Tuesday – Solar Lab2:30-3:30 PM, Kirkwood Obs

Oct. 1 – Wednesday - Kirkwood Obs8:30-10:30 PM

Oct. 2 – Thursday – Rooftop8:30 PM Swain West

WEATHER PERMITTING

2nd Homework

• The Solar System Collaboratory Home

• Kepler’s 1st & 2nd laws

Consumer Spending (2006-7)$20 billion at jewelry stores (US)$24 billion at liquor stores (US)$40 billion on weight loss (US)$23.5 billion on candy and gum (US)$31 billion on pet toys and supplies (US)$7 billion on video rentals (US)$18 billion on makeup (worldwide)$35 billion on bottled water (worldwide)

What does Space Exploration cost?

NASA budget for FY 2008: ~ $17 Billion

Science $5.3 billion *Exploration $4.0 billion (SS missions)Aeronautics $0.7 billionSpace Ops $6.2 billionEducation $0.15 billion

*All astronomy research and space telescopes (as well as space weather, Earth systems and lunar research) are in this part.

Beginnings of Space Exploration

• Robert Goddard• Werner von Braun• The Cold War• NASA - 1959

Sputnik & Laika the Space Dog, 1957

Explorer 1 - 1958

Exploring with Robotic MissionsRussian Luna 2 – Sept. 1959

crashes on the Moonthe first spacecraft to reach a

destination beyond Earth

Luna 3 – Oct. 1959lunar flybyfirst pictures of the

far side of the Moon

JFK 1961

MercuryGeminiSix Apollo landings

1969-1972

“I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth”

Societal Benefits of the Apollo Program

Humans can live on the Moon and MarsSustainable resources can be found

Hydrogen, oxygen, waterAdvances in TechnologyIdentification of space hazards and risksPotential new energy sources from space

How Does the Space

Program Benefit YOU?

Computer miniaturizationWeather forecastingCommunicationsNavigation (GPS)Global ecosystem & climate observations

& resource management

Mainframe IBM computer, early

1970’s

What did we learn from the

Moon?

Origin and Evolution of the MoonFoundation for Comparative PlanetologyRecord of History of Inner Solar System

Initial Guide to Early History of Earth and MarsConditions for the Initiation of Life

Lunar Resource PotentialFuture Lunar Scientific Potential

Early Robotic ExplorationSoviet

Luna - 1959 Luna 9, 1966 – first soft

lunar landing Venera 3 crashes on

Venus, 1966 Luna 16, 1970, returns

lunar samples Lunokhod 1 (1970)

explored the Moon for 322 Earth days

Mars 2 crashes on Mars, 1973

Venera 9 images from Venus in ‘75

U.S. Pioneer - 1960 Ranger – 1961, 1962 Mariner – 1962

Mars, Venus Pioneer 10 passes the

asteroid belt 1973 Pioneer 10 reaches Jupiter

in ‘73; on to Saturn Mariner 10 photographs

Mercury in ‘74 Viking on Mars, ‘76

(DON’T MEMORIZE NAMES AND DATES)

Mariner to MarsMariner 4, 6, 7 fly-bys

1965, 1969craters!

Mariner 9 orbiter1970, dust storm!Craters, Olympus

Mons, Valles Marineris

The 1980’s

Just 13 robotic explorers launched (all but two successful)

Voyager spacecraft to outer planets

Magellan to Venus in ‘89– Detailed radar map

In 1986 five spacecraft fly past Comet Halley: Japanese (2), Soviet (2), European

Image from European Giotto mission

The 1990’s – Transition to Modern Exploration

Early missions were feats of technology first images mapping limited scientific

measurements

Later missions were more focused, better defined science Galileo arrives at Jupiter 1996 - 2003 Sojourner/Pathfinder at Mars - 1997 Asteroids and Comets

Asteroid Ida and its moon Dactyl

Crewed vs. robotic exploration

Crewed exploration Robotic Exploration

Challenges Facing Earth:Predicting Natural DisastersProviding Ample Clean Water Mitigating Climate ChangePreserving FarmlandDisposing of WasteProducing Energy

Space programs and associated development can help with all of these

TO DO LIST:

Read NASA website (Oncourse)Hand in 2nd Homework TODAY (3rd on

Fri.)IN-CLASS QUIZ FRIDAY!!Activities TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, &

THURSDAY