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A. WHAT IS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ?

Man’s activities which are related with money is called economic activities. But in

economics the definition is : when man directly or indirectly performed his activities with

a view to earn money then it is called economic activities.

According to Prof. Thaman ;

“Economic activities is the function of production, consumption, & exchange.”

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

PRODUCTION

Primary

secondary

tertiary

EXCHANGE CONSUMTION

Primary Secondary Tertiary

Agriculture

Hunting

Farming

Fishing

Forestry

Industries

Manufacturing Units

Hydro Electricity

All types

of services

Trade &

Commerce

Transport &

Communication

Source : Bangladesh Economic review (2008) , Economic Adviser’s Wing , Finance Division ,

Ministry of Finance & higher secondary economics

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B. MAJOR ECONOMIC SECTORS IN BANGLADESH

1. Agriculture

2. Fishing

3. Industry

4. Trade & commerce

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B.1 AGRICULTUE

The overall contribution of the broad agriculture sector , comprising mainly of agriculture

& fisheries is projected at 20.87 % of the total GDP at constant prices in FY 2007-08

against its contribution of 21.37 % in FY 2006-08. Here , agriculture & forestry is

estimated at 16.23 and fisheries is about at 4.64 % . According to BBS , the final

estimate for food grains production in FY 2007-08 was 311.21 lakh metric tons ( Aus

15.07 lmt , Aman 63.62 lmt , Boro 177.62 lmt & wheat 8.44 lmt )

Various reform measures have been taken by the government to development in

agricultural sector :

1. Fertilizers at the door stapes of the farmers .

2.Implimentation of the agricultural extension policy

3.Creating opportunities for investment in agriculture

4.The utilization & extension of the integrated technologies .4

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Map showing the growing areas of major agricultural products.

Map source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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B.2 Fishing

Bangladesh has lots of rivers, ponds, hoar, boar, costal area

which is very suitable for fishers. Bay of Bengal situated

southern part of Bangladesh is great sources of fish.

Fisheries act important role to fulfill requirements of

protein, earn foreign currency and remove rural poverty.

Depending on the sources Fisheries are two categories-

Inland Fisheries Marine Fisheries

Inland capture Marine industries

Inland culture Marine artisanal

In FY 2006-07 , the total production of fish was 23.29 lakh metric

tons . In FY 2007-08 the total production of fish is 24.41 lakh

metric tons . It is increased about 1.12 lakh metric tons higher than

the previous year . At constant price the contribution of fishery sub-

sector is 4.64 % to the total GDP of FY 2007-08.

Production in fishery Export of Fish & Fisheries Product :

Total fish production :

Internal – 78.57 %

Coastal -- 21.43 %

Inland fish production :

Shrimp culture -- 7 %

Flood plain – 31 %

Rivers -- 11 %

Bil -- 5 %

Sunder ban -- 4 %

Lake -- 1%

Pond -- 44 %

Baor -- 0 %

Fisheries sector has earning a huge

foreign exchange. Bangladesh export

frozen shrimp and other fish & fisheries

products to USA, UK, Japan , France ,

Hong Kong, Singapore , Saudi, Arab ,

Sudan & other developed countries . In

FY 2005-06 , 68829 metric tons of fish

and fisheries products were exported

from Bangladesh which earned Tk. 3030

crore .this Was increased to 73703

metric tons in FY 2006-07.

Source: Banglapeidea(2008) 7

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FISHING ZONE(BAY OF BENGAL)

Three major fishing grounds of Bay of Bengal:

(i) South Patches (6,200 sq km) lying between 20°50'N-21°40'N and 91°E-91°E;

(ii) Middle Ground (4,600 sq km) lying between 20°50'N-21°20'N and 90°E-91°E; and

(iii) Swatch of no Ground (3,800 sq km) lying between 21°N-21°40'N and 89°E-90°E.

Source: Banglapeidea(2008)

B.3 IndustryThe contribution of the industrial sector to Bangladesh economy is on

the increase . In FY 1880-81 , the contribution of broad industrial

sector to real GDP was 17.41 % which increase to 29.66 % in FY

2007-08 .

The greater industrial sector includes four sub-sectors :

a) mining & quarrying b) manufacturing

c) construction d) energy , gas & water supply

Source: Bangladesh Economic review (2008) , Economic Adviser’s Wing ,

Finance Division , Ministry of Finance , Page no – 22 , 23 , 97 9

sub-sector : Manufacturing

Among the sub-sectors of industry , the contribution of manufacturing sector is the

highest . According to provisional estimate , in FY 2007-08 the contribution of this sector

to GDP is 17.77 % which is 0.22 % higher than that of the previous year .

EPZ’S OF BANGLADESH

Uttara EPZ

Issardi EPZ

Adamjee EPZ

Mongols EPZ

Karnafuli EPZ

Chittagong EPZ

Comilla EPZ

Feni EPZ

Dhaka EPZ

Meghna EPZ

Source : Source: Bangladesh Economic review (2008) , Page no – 22 , 23 , 97 & WWW.google .com

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Present major industry of Bangladesh

Source : Banglapeidea (2008)

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B.4 TRADE AND COMMERCETrade is the voluntary exchange of goods, services, or both. Trade is alsocalled commerce. A mechanism that allows trade is called a market. Tradebetween two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade between more thantwo traders is called multilateral trade.

Commerce: The distribution activities of products is called commerce.

Way of trade and commerce

By sea transport

By air transport

By railway transport

By road transport

By river transport

Types of trade and commerce

Internal trade :Trade which is occurred in

the internal part of country is called

National trade

International trade: Trade which is

occurred between two or more countries

is called International trade.

SOURCE : Higher Secondary Commercial Geography

C. Basic Problems in Economy of Bangladesh

a) Poor per-capita income

b) Backwardness in Agriculture

c) Backwardness in Industries

d) Explosion in population

e) Lack of skilled Manpower

f) Lack of efficient Organizer

g) Scarcity of Capital

h) Unemployment problem

i) Undeveloped infra-structure

j) Scarcity of natural resource

k) Lack of proper use of resources

l) Vicious Circle

Vicious Circle

Poor income

Poor demand

Poor investment

poor job

Opportunity

Fig : Vicious Circle

Source: Secondary social science (1996)

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D. Contrivance to Remove Economic Problems

a) Modernization in agriculture

b) Industrialization

c) Deposition of capital

d) Proper use of natural resources

e) Construction of infra-structure

f) Controlling of over population

g) Creating job opportunity

h) Expanding job oriented education

i) Pragmatic planning

j) Poverty reduction strategy

k) Eradicating corruption.

Source: Secondary social science

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E. REFERENCE

Geography of Bangladesh

Haroun Er Rashid

Secondary Geography

Dr.Shamsul Alam

Higher Secondary Commercial Geography

Kazi Faruki

Higher secondary economics

Mustafizur Rahaman

Azker Bisshaw

Gholam Mustafa Kiron

Banglapedia 2008

Current Affair’s2008 (December)

Statistical Pocket Book(2005-2009)

Bangladesh Economic review (2008) ,Economic Adviser’s Wing , Finance Division , Ministry of Finance

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THANKS

TO

ALL

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