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A View From Above: A View From Above: The National Perspective on The National Perspective on
Becoming SmokefreeBecoming Smokefree
American Public Health Association ConferenceAmerican Public Health Association ConferenceNovember 8, 2006November 8, 2006
Cynthia Hallett, MPHCynthia Hallett, MPH
Executive DirectorExecutive Director
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MN
UTNV
CA
NMAZ
TX
CO
OK
KS
OR
WA
SD
WY
ID
NE
MTND
IL
KY
MS
LA
AR
MO
TN
GAAL
FL
NC
SC
VA
PAOH
IN
WV
IA
MIWI
NY
DCMD DE
NJ
VT
CT
MARI
NH
ME
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"NY
MD DE
NJ
CT
MARI
NH
State Law Type
100% Smokefree in Workplaces, Restaurants, and Bars 100% Smokefree in one or two of the above No 100% Smokefree State Law
Locality Type with a 100% Smokefree Law
" City
! County
100% Smokefree Laws at the State, County, and City LevelAmerican Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation
In effect as of October 6, 2006
AK
Status of Smokefree AirStatus of Smokefree Air
45.7% of the U.S. population protected by local 45.7% of the U.S. population protected by local or state law with smokefree provisionsor state law with smokefree provisions (as of 10/6/06)(as of 10/6/06)
– 519 communities and 18 states; in addition 13 519 communities and 18 states; in addition 13 countries have a smokefree regulation in effectcountries have a smokefree regulation in effect
Westin and Marriott hotel chains have gone Westin and Marriott hotel chains have gone smokefree in North Americasmokefree in North America
Many hospitals and government buildings are Many hospitals and government buildings are smokefreesmokefree
17 state and national organizations have adopted 17 state and national organizations have adopted policies or resolutions to hold meetings in policies or resolutions to hold meetings in smokefree municipalitiessmokefree municipalities
From Sections to SmokefreeFrom Sections to Smokefree
1980’s = Smokefree Sections1980’s = Smokefree Sections
1990’s = Smokefree Policies1990’s = Smokefree Policies– Separately enclosed, separately ventilated roomsSeparately enclosed, separately ventilated rooms
2000 = 100% Smokefree Indoor Environments2000 = 100% Smokefree Indoor Environments
These shifts toward stronger provisions were These shifts toward stronger provisions were supported by a combination of supported by a combination of public demandpublic demand and and the sciencethe science on the health effects of on the health effects of secondhand smoke.secondhand smoke.
MUNICIPALITIES with LOCAL 100% SMOKEFREE LAWSCumulative Number Effective* By Year 1990 - 2006
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
350
375
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
**
Year
Cu
mu
lati
ve
Nu
mb
er
Workplaces°
Restaurants‡
Bars
**As of October 6, 2006
Why Work on Smokefree Issues?Why Work on Smokefree Issues?
““There isThere is no risk-free level of exposureno risk-free level of exposure to to secondhand smoke.”secondhand smoke.”
U.S. Surgeon General Richard Carmona, June 2006U.S. Surgeon General Richard Carmona, June 2006
Secondhand smoke is a Secondhand smoke is a toxic air contaminanttoxic air contaminant, an , an air pollutant which may cause or contribute to an air pollutant which may cause or contribute to an increase in deaths or in serious illness, or which increase in deaths or in serious illness, or which may pose a present or potential hazard to human may pose a present or potential hazard to human health.health.
California Air Resources Board, January 2006California Air Resources Board, January 2006
Annual Deaths Due to Annual Deaths Due to Secondhand SmokeSecondhand Smoke
Other cancers
Lung cancer
Heart disease
Source: Wells,1998
37,000
13,000
3,000
What Policies Are Effective?What Policies Are Effective? “Smokefree workplace policies are the only
effective way to eliminate secondhand smoke exposure in the workplace. Separating smokers from nonsmokers, cleaning the air, and ventilating buildings cannot eliminate exposure.” Source: The Health Consequences of Involuntary
Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke, 2006
Any law that calls for a 100% smokefree provision is progress, even if one has to take an incremental approach toward comprehensive coverage (e.g., workplaces, then restaurants, bars, casinos, and beyond).
Ventilation is NOT a solutionVentilation is NOT a solutionASHRAE Board Policy ASHRAE Board Policy Statement affirms that Statement affirms that Ventilation cannot eliminate all the health risks caused by secondhand smoke exposure.
The 2006 Surgeon The 2006 Surgeon General’s Report General’s Report confirms and confirms and reiterates this reiterates this finding.finding.
From Local to StateFrom Local to State Successful trend has been to start at Successful trend has been to start at local local
levellevel, then progress to state law. , then progress to state law.
Benefits of local smokefree laws are:Benefits of local smokefree laws are:» Public EducationPublic Education» Community buy-inCommunity buy-in» Easier to enforceEasier to enforce» Buildup of community supportBuildup of community support» Power at the local levelPower at the local level
Leads to stronger states laws and power to Leads to stronger states laws and power to defeat tobacco industry interests in state defeat tobacco industry interests in state Capitols; this rule changes in preemption statesCapitols; this rule changes in preemption states
Why not a Federal Regulation?Why not a Federal Regulation?
Politically risky – The likelihood of getting a strong, Politically risky – The likelihood of getting a strong, 100% smokefree regulation is low given tobacco 100% smokefree regulation is low given tobacco interests and lobbyists in Capital.interests and lobbyists in Capital.
Federal rules would preempt future state and local Federal rules would preempt future state and local laws, and may supercede existing, strong smokefree laws, and may supercede existing, strong smokefree laws.laws.
Greatest successes have been at the local level, Greatest successes have been at the local level, historically. First state law was passed in CA in 1994 historically. First state law was passed in CA in 1994 after massive local action. Eight years later, DE and after massive local action. Eight years later, DE and NY passed laws in 2002 and 2003, respectively. NY passed laws in 2002 and 2003, respectively.
Industry Response to Industry Response to Smokefree SuccessesSmokefree Successes
Oppose all smokefree and related tobacco-Oppose all smokefree and related tobacco-prevention legislation by any means prevention legislation by any means necessarynecessary– Legal threats, public relations blitz, financial Legal threats, public relations blitz, financial
contributions to allied partiescontributions to allied parties
Current examplesCurrent examples– R.J. Reynolds is sponsoring opposing R.J. Reynolds is sponsoring opposing
“Smokefree” Initiatives in Ohio and Arizona “Smokefree” Initiatives in Ohio and Arizona – Philip Morris/Altria is contributing millions against Philip Morris/Altria is contributing millions against
California’s Tobacco Tax Initiative California’s Tobacco Tax Initiative – Ongoing attempts to pass Preemptive legislation Ongoing attempts to pass Preemptive legislation
in state legislaturesin state legislatures
MO
CO
AZ
HI
AK
CA
NV
NM
TX
OK
KS
WY
ID
UT
WA
OR
MT
IANE
ND
SD
MN
IN
KY
MS
LA
AR
TN
IL
GAAL
FL
VA
NC
SC
MD
PA
OH
WV
MI
WI NY
NJ
DE
CTMA
VT
RI
NH
ME
States with Preemption
Yes
Partial
No
States with Preemption of Smokefree Air LawsAmerican Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation
October 6, 2006
Movement Continues at Rapid PaceMovement Continues at Rapid Pace
Three Smokefree Ballot Initiatives in 2006: Three Smokefree Ballot Initiatives in 2006: Ohio, Arizona, and Nevada Ohio, Arizona, and Nevada
Hundreds of localities are considering or in the Hundreds of localities are considering or in the process of a smokefree campaignprocess of a smokefree campaign– Current leaders at local level are Mid-Western Current leaders at local level are Mid-Western
states: IL and IN current leaders with the most new states: IL and IN current leaders with the most new local laws so far in 2006 race for ANR’s local laws so far in 2006 race for ANR’s Smokefree Smokefree Air ChallengeAir Challenge award award
More states likely to consider and successfully More states likely to consider and successfully pass laws, particularly those with significant pass laws, particularly those with significant local coverage; Risk of Preemption is Highlocal coverage; Risk of Preemption is High
How can How can YOUYOU contribute to contribute to smokefree successes?smokefree successes?
Get involved! Get involved! – Is your community smokefree? Does it have a weak law that Is your community smokefree? Does it have a weak law that
needs strengthening?needs strengthening?– If not, is smokefree an issue yet? If not, is smokefree an issue yet? – Is there a coalition, and are YOU a member (Is there a coalition, and are YOU a member (e.g., citizen or e.g., citizen or
professional capacityprofessional capacity)?)?– Does your organization have a Does your organization have a Smokefree CitiesSmokefree Cities meeting meeting
policy? APHA, NCI, NIDA, CDC-OSH do! policy? APHA, NCI, NIDA, CDC-OSH do!
Speak Up!Speak Up! – Provide professional leadership on the issue in your Provide professional leadership on the issue in your
organization, with colleagues and friends, with media (re: organization, with colleagues and friends, with media (re: health effects and benefits of smokefree environments).health effects and benefits of smokefree environments).
Contact ANR/F Contact ANR/F for information on how to start or improve the for information on how to start or improve the smokefree effort in your area, model legislation, combat tobacco smokefree effort in your area, model legislation, combat tobacco industry interference, referrals to other partners and more.industry interference, referrals to other partners and more.
Tools for SuccessTools for Success
Thank youThank you
Cynthia Hallett, MPH
Executive Director
(510) 841-3045
www.no-smoke.org
www.protectlocalcontrol.org
