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A ~~vid Fulton 8~~~~;

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`frr pttr~lias~ }tour uevn ~~t~y of ibis ue arty ~f'~tyt~r ~~ Pranris ~r ~touiled~e"scoll~ciit~it ~~i IhUttst~it~9s o1'~:13~c~ks ~]c~sb go tc~ ~F•~v~+~.~i3citrkstur~:.~zaittlf:~c~.t~k.

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~c~ 2t}jrl Al~u I~rit~l»~YI aid Jc~li~i Wuulli~rd

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p. cett. ~il (E?~y4h~l~s~*}+ tnr du tE;tzrz~csne zcrics)Incltadcs bil~[i~~ra~~6ic:~1 r~~~~titces.

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is e-i~tit}~ .~r~c~ ~;c~riet:~tut~lise tl~c ~vc~e~ cif ~Jy~~t ky~, L3t~tt~~c, 13,~txdt~r~a ~r~t~L~tti~G ai~cl Weii~;e~r.

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This bc~cak i~ b~scii u~cjt5 t}Ye~i-ics ~vl~ich hc~l~i, ~s ~i ee~ntr.~i ~re.i~riSE, clr;~t

"Sc~~ia1 co~~sC~•~a~eivi~~t~ l~k~s as a ee~~t~~zil ~t=ee~~~t that ~.~~ot~~1c~~~ is cr~,~~~d

~v l~.iri~~rs i~t thc: cc iite~t cat, F~l~c~ ~~s ~i ~-~.S~ilt cif ~c~c ~tl i€~t~~r<tctic~il" ~vai~

Harm~ltz~~ ~()f~~. 3{~).Tlii: succt~~k q~iok~ f'rU~t~ u~t~l H~tri3tel~n is ~c~u4tlly otic

~f'a ~r~~zt ~ixs~r~~~ t}~at c«l~lc~ I~a~~e be~►~ i~s~ci t~ su~~~~oa-t tl~~ ~~c,int b~ita~ ~~i~i~e.'~h~ soe-i.tl cc~n~tructixrist :~tid soei<xl Ic~~rui~~; scl~oc~ls ~ar~ cl~~~r c~r~ ~lii~ ~c~irit.Le<iri~i~~; is a h~;hl}t sc~c:al ~cttFty

I~~ this l~c~c~~:. ~a~~ ;~a•c: lc~~kita~ at ~c~c~i~l le:.~ri~i~~~ ~~s a knta~it~,~ tx~~d ,~lt~ac~al~~

tl~cre r~r-e~ stdl~~i•c~ups trFirhi~~ tlj~ ~~~iticr :~~c.iall~,~~l~c~s~tl th~c~ri~s, ~,~re. ~~ill

<tctu~rll~~ cit.~~l tVICL] tlic~ :gyres as ~ ~oht~rtxnt itoti~n rt~l~icl~ fi~ll~T su~i~c~rts the

~i~I1~1117~i1tS ICI Vtlll ~ill'1~1{,~~ I7~S ;4~7[)P~ 171t;S'.ii3~i'.

~~


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theory

~oci~[ int~r~ctio~, fhi~king and e~gag~~nent

few «~~ ltl~=e se~ii, the t~~~oi~~~ of sc~c-.zal ec~t~sr~°t~c:ti~isna zis ix relates tc~ Ieirt~ii~

iw ~~r~*ciic~tt~c~ ~lnit~st ~~~trel}f iti~c7i7 ~liL ~~~c~rk r~~ eht- i~.~zsyi.~tt }is}~'~'.hc~lcj~i~t Lc*~=

V;~f~c~ts~.y:We 1ias~e =tlsa Ec~al ~ci <tt the ~~rc~rk c~f~~th~i- ~kl~et~rist~ iii this cfc~~l~ai~i.

lix tl~~ ~c~~ln4~~i~i~ ~~~~~e:s ~~7~ 1~~i11 co~ascier~tEie i~~a~c~r ~lc~~tc~~t~ ~3f tli~ ti~r~r~: t~F

tlt~~c ~a~l~c~ ~c~velo~e:d ~1~~ full i•.~i~~c} crf t1Z~~ ~~ci~l ~is~~ecrs ~f3~~rr~itt~;.~c~ ti~~~11

~t~n~ic'l~:r tl~~~se ~~:~~t~~t5 i~ tl~ty earl U~ ~ppli~~~ its t~auhir~~ ~int~ 1~h~r tiFi

c.~sit~~ts, ~iti~e►~ ~ì~~~n~~l e~~~ ix~for~~~.ii, ari~-1 i►~ tl»i~• ~1~3~1icltin~~ xe~ sit~,~ticit~s

ir~vol~~ir~~; I~str►~ii~~ ~~=1~~rr ~r c~~scri~~tiot~ c~f't}ac: ~rc~t~al~l~ ~eca~r~ss c~f'lc~artu~2;~~Ti~i a uc~~~si~~e~-~itic~ta of le~~t~niri~; l~~hz~vc>i~rs, i~ ~:alleci teas.

It ~~~e:~rs ~~ b~ ~t~~• c~el}f ~art~t~cl ~hzt ~'}~~;~tsky :~t~ic3 car ~,~~~rc~t~ ~li~t ̀ ~F~tlt

cc~~;rutiv~: ~1~v~I€~E~~~i~itt r~c~«if~~ s~~~,~1 is~tcra~cti~n,"'~'I~is is ilmc~~t cc:rtaiiil}7

~t pai-l~h~ ist ai~c1, ~~ltt~c~~t~;}i it ~c~+~~ rc~pr~~sent ~~ i~~~~c~rt~~t~t c}leilzc:r~t ~f

~}~~~~~~k}''.~ tivc~r~;, the ~vc~r4~s ~~~re nc~t }~~~cisel}• lais. W~~f~t is l3e~t~s~ ec~tivev~t~

~}~ ttae s~r~tattl~t~t e~~.~r~~ss~d its else ~~~iGet~~~ is ~h~i~ ~s 1~t~tiz~z~ 1e~~•rxers, ~r7e

~~t,~~ t~t~ tic ~j sci~;i~~l it~t~r~~~;ti~~j~ uritl~ t~7c~sc~ tr•~t~ti~ ~►:; E`c~r the ~~ itit~ltts,

~1=►:~lltasg~ a~td ~~~~red .~~ti~ait~ ~ti17t~h r~=tarR to ~rcir~~c~te e~ait~~iz~~, e~~~a~ei~~t.tttwith ~~i~:r~s s~z~~ z~~~v~~i~s ~~~.~ ~~r~=~ ~a ~~11~sv tc~~• ~~t~:~1e:~t~~grl ~~a4~otl~f i~~~lt~cia~a~;

x~i~ ~;rc~~vt}i cat ~zc~~~l~;c~~e; ~~rlc~ ~as~t~~rsk~t~c~it~~.

~r~tjYVy, cir+,ky'S ~~r~rk ~aJc see th:tt'th~Yi-~ ~ir~ Eh~'~.~ t~1~~jt~i pcait~tc~rx t ~4~r~►r~i5~~;~~ ~t~ide~•~tz~~.i~~ c~~t1a~ }~xa~~~~es ir~~c~lv~ci i~~ ~~<~~z~za~ i~~ ~lae t~c~~ts c~~'t~»

s~ici:tl cc~~~st~rtic~i~7i~t ~I~i~~ai~7. ~~l~y a~•~: t~i~~t: el~~ ~~~~}~yl~ aj~c~«tici ~l~c~ l~~lt•t~e ~°

li~v~ _~ e~n~ral Tt)I~ T31 le~u-niF~~;; rife ~.y~a~l~ ~r~rt~id Clje~ l~arzi~r it~tlu~fYc~:,

sc~~Tz~ti~l~~ti ~ie~~ly; l~c~t4 tl~c~' Ie~rn~r ~;r:es t1» ~v~r~~ia 4~iici certain ~c~~Ys aff~~t

t~~~ ~~:~y iii ~vl~ic~1 l~~~rturi~ .~tic~ ii~cc:llc~ei~,il c~~v~~~~~azric.~~c ~ir~~►~~ysc.Tl~ett~c~I~ coin r~:try ire type ~~r~ti'~11t<~lit~ ~ri~ iYlclt~c~~ c~.tltiirc~, l~lri~nt~~~e atnt~ c~t~h~i-

}~~~.~ple.Tl~ez'e are gh ee ~{it~~;nries c7,f task ti `~~}~ich ~;<<e ,t~°e ~yl~le tea ;xtte~,~pt c~~'

u~~~~~•~~1~, i~~~~r~~~y t~ic~~e ~~~~~i~~a ~,~r~ l~~ ~~~~~~~sr~~i~;~~ ~~~~1~~~~~~c~~r,~l~, t~~cas~

~v~ticii ~.arL,~c~t l~€: ~~ycfe~rrt~t~~~ evt~i ~vitlt t~7e ~~j~E~~et of ~tll<7~I7t'.I' ettci t}~~jse~

~t~liir~ ~;i~ent l~~tu~c~n the,~~ t`1°ti ~~kreait~~ artc~ ~=u~ lie. ptrfc~ri~tc~d t~~ Ch ~arile

~ix~:asu~e ~~ l»~~ ~Zn~~~ ~t~i~p~h ~t ~s ~l~~ cjt~i~~s ~v1~c~ s«~~~~1~~ ~l~e sc3~:~~ ~ir~~~~l_

star tc~~• l~:ariic~s.

Fc~r V}~~c~t5l~}~ cc~~i3iciv~ c~e~~c~lt~g~t~~~»t ~it~ii lan~,nta~~ iia-c~ ~h.tp~d ley <~

~,~~~•~~?aa'~ ~~t~a~~ctb~~~ ~v~~l~ c~tl~~r~; c~~ildr~~~ ti k.~~c~ti~=~e+~~~~ v,~.lu~s ~~a~ ~~tEa~~~c3~s

cievcl~}~ tl»•c~tt~l~ it~t~iyatcti~n rich c~~l~~:a~s; ,~ofcl s~ci:il intcrc~t=tic~t~s it~c~~~~,~c, ~t

ch l~i~ 1~~F~1 cif t~iiiik r~~, V}r~c~~skt~ s~~~;~c~5t~ tl~i~r teacl~in~; at5ri l~ari~i~~~T <tr~~

"Sta~i~l :~~t~~'itieti tlY~tt t ike ~l~r't 1~~~~~v~ c~~~ s~Cial ~ackt~rs i►t sc~~ ;~l~~~ ~c~t~4~ruct~c~f

:~5

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Theory__ _ __ . _. __ _ _ _

Principles and plane

~t}~'~~t~ky ~nvcs ins tli~ f~llu~~~ii~~ ~7~~it~ci~~l~~:

1. ~ t~~rtr'tia~c ilt~:acic,1~tr~~~rt r~ Irr~r f~~~{ tax r~ ~'~ri{gird ~r~arti~ <~t rrrr~~,~ral~t~ i~t,~~.T`li 5 rcYfc}rtci Vy c~t~ky5 ~1~~11—kr~c)~{tt~ i~i~tion t~[' t11e zc~1~c cif prt~t i~~tl cit;ve.li~~izitift

{~1~1]}.At ~3iy ~iv~rt }~~Si~zt i~~ :~ ~::hilti 4 t{+~v~lc~~t»cnk tl~er~ i~; ~t limit k~> ~Wl~atc4~ii b~ ~c:I~ie~~~~l newt. Wc' (iav~ seen earlier llc}~3~ tli ~ ~t~~-r~~pt ~àu Eye~~sci~i~~~ ~►nc~ 1rc~~tif it r~l~k~~ fv la+~~tli ~evtic~~a~-~-ieiit Inc{ tc~ the sc:>rk c~F~ii~pe_~rtthat cats lie i~f~ered sc~ci;~lly b~~ :t~Yc~ther ~i~l~c~ msiv he ~~icirc kn~narl~c~~eaL~Ie.

~, I~~~1~ ~~~s~,~ititi~c= ~cr~cl~~rr~cttt r~~cji~ires :~~~ir~fi r`~tti~l~~ct~~frr. V~~~~ts~:y's sG~~:i~~l

4-[~v~lc~~~tTl~i7t ~el~~~-~~•}; ~~r~ ~~i~ ~c~ls-~~ stags th~r'`~c~~ial ia~t~rt~~tir~yl ~l~y~ a

~l~ic~tul»r3t~ra ~-~~~ ̀ ~~~ tl~e c~level~}~~~~~t~t of coy~i~tiol~" («c;lrtl~y; I i)9~i).

~~iars~~y~ ~ l9~)C~} c~-~►~tzi~~~~s ~~}t ssZ4~i~~~ tlxat "dill ca~~aatzv~ :d~v~lo~~a~e~~~~~c~c~~tes s~cif~l i~~~~r<~ctic~~i", ,a~~ejs ~i~~~a~~c~ 1~:tr~~i~~~ tl»o~};«£I~i~1~ i ~ia~~~-~

~~~~ Vp•~ots~-~=a sc~cia) ci~velc~~aza~~aat t1~ea~~5; "c: t~i~~~~~~:s~es active p~rc~}~~tiot~ o~r~r cc~r~ce~~ts st[lc~ re~.~~•~se~~t<lti~i~'> at~~3 tla;~t "le~trt~in~ r~c~tii~~~s saci<jl

i~ate~~~~~tic~~i ai~a~1 col~al~~~°<tkot~'" (~{~;y►~~I~y, 1 ~.9~~)-

Tc~ l~~l: ,~ lietl~~ inc~r~ .tiec.pl}7 it7tU tl~r:: b~~sis ~~ ~'y~g~c k+,r ~ ~vc~r~: tart.

r~rill ~~ert ~~x~ii~~iaic- t~,vci ft~rtl~~:r ijc~ti~t7s: tihe ii~ta~a~s~r~:hc>lc~~;i~-al :t~ic~ rl~t.

iijter~w~ciic~le~~ic~1.V~c~t~i,y= ~tt~Ls tl~~~t

[G~~~~~r fi~t~c~ic~~~ it3 tl~c} cftild'~ ~~tl~~~r,~l c~Grteic~~~t~~ttt a~?~cars t~~~ice: first;

oar t.l~c social l~~u~l, ~ti3c~ la~~r c~,i tl~c itic~i~~ic~~~~~11e.4=~1 f rse~ l~~.t~tl~~Yi ~c;c~~l~:.

(it~cr~:~yc;Ijcilc~~~Zl) ~~~~~ el~t_tr ia7siE~~ rI~ cliilc~ (inti~a~~s~~~.Iic~lc~}ic►l). 'his

~i}~plies ~c~t~:~ll}+ t~ ~7~Iij~~tc~i~}l .1C~tTilCft>il, tb lo~ic:~l ~~~~i~~~7r}, ~ir~~~ ~c~ e}jcfci~•iz~~tioii cif' ~-atie~~~ts. A]1 tlz~~ ~ti~;l~tr fi~ljctia~~s oi~i~;i~1K~t~: t~s ac.~~R:~lri:l~aeic~~~st~i~s l7et~tf~cl~ iuc~itFic~ual~.

~~y~~c~tsk}; l ~)~~3: ~i~)

'Tl~~:se t~~~c~ l~v~l~, ,~ls~ ~~cscxi1~4c1 ~~~ "~~~:aiies", ai•~ ~i~rtl~c:~ ~~~~:~1s7ir~c:c~ ~►:Ì'Itc ss}cr"irk l~f~~►r~~: This is ~a~~~c;rc. cic°~~Nlc~~tj~ct~t ~ir~t r~tkc~s ~l~~c~, Tlx~

c-l~ilc~/l~~ar•«~i• c~l7~c~rve, 1~sC+~c3s .ir~.~i t7c~ii7s t~ i~~~it~lt~. `T'li~ }}iret~t,~n~c~~•~:~~c~~vlc;ci~ea~~l~ ~t~~~.r ste~.i•s, ial~k~s Go~~r~ c,ti~~ns ai~cl }~rcivic~3~s cla~~ll~~~~~s.

"l'I~e itrtcrrrtr! ~Cc~ait: Ac ~}~~ c1~il~l/~4.xrn~r ~~eca~i~~s ti~o~°t cc~it~~7ec~i~t,it~~~~r~t~~~tac~~~ bt>cn~~~e_s i~~r~r'~ir~lis~cl.

Ì'1~4_ c~~:v~.l~}~~r~~~at ~zf 1:~~~~«a~;c i~ ~ ~~~n~ ~xa~~i~~l~ ~£~l~i,11 ~,~~ai~~~~ c~~~l~-~ i~rc~v~~~.c~ 4~itl~ i~~a~~y o{aE~~~~t4~r~itK~~ tc list~~i end c~t~i~:r~~rise c~l~s~i•~r~ l,~ir~~;iis~~;~i~~ ~~cti~t~, ~~ti7c~i~i~is t~~~ is ~~ii:+~4t~ci ~e ~}~c: ~l~i~c~,~~it~~tit~~eti tl~e ~Ia~k~ 1ia~~~e;n:~tc~ E~~ ~i~ ~~~~ ~~~~,~t~~~ c~f`c~tl~~a~s t~~l~~ :~~~c ~a~~~ 1<~9~~i~.~~~<t'~y n~~ 1~avc all ~~~~~,the }~~u~~~ ~:~~ilc~, til~~tl~ sc~~~~~. ~~i~:as~~z~~ ~f~~~cc~~ta;~~~::x~~~~~t; ~v~ll lac:, ~a to is~iitt~ttl~~ }~;~~t~r~~~ ~Fs~ia~a~d tlas~t ~~re: Kill :~rc~i~r~~e~"!~~ c~tla~a. ~,c~~ ~~~~ icav~~~re~i is Iik~[~t~ c~t~`~r str~~por•t (1~~, rc~a~atir~~,c~F ~t~i~r~~~s ~.~z• SS~cit~ds, ~c~r ~~41►~~~~c) c~~~ ~a~~s~~~~

~6



Theory

~Ii~;hCl}~ it~c~rt t:c~nt~3ler ~ou~icis car r~~~~rc#~ tts ~~~ cc~~i~~l. Ati tl~c cltil~ ~e~.c~~~ie4

inc}r~ f•.in~iliar ~4ti~h ~~r~rc~a cat ~~l~r~~sc~s~ ptrh,~ps, ~li~~ S~~i~~~ ~ ~c~rcis ~~t~~ ~l~r~ise

r~r~ ct3ti~ic{er€.~ a~tti rc~l~c~trsc:t~ l~c~th :tltauc~ arr~, cruci=ally? i~yt~.rt1a11~ LJ~~~a.ta~t~.

~rit~ tlicu~lit c~iit~ ~t~~;~tl~~r stncl l~~~t'li ~n chc~ t~sc tjF I~~r~f;ut~~c~ :t~~~, ►t~c~tèii~zpc~rr~ntl~r ~n'Sc~Y~~~ r~s~s~5cts, cca~~iti~.t~ c{~uc~lc~~Yi~~r►~ r~x~j~=~ti c~t~:"€~tIl ~c~~mi~i~~~c~~^~tc}lt~pi~~~~~lt r~c~iiirc~s sc~c~tl ii~t~r~c;tic~n" ~(Tti, ~(.?[~}t.~: 33}.

I3c~lclav are i~xt}~~rt:~t~~ c4~~j~itler~ttirar~s tt~~tt e~ ~ sstc~rk ~~f ~~~~c~tsk.y tca

l~~ k~c~iijc irk r~~~tit~ r~,FhcAi~ ~l~ti~►~~ tip f~~ icy a°i~ii~~; ~tt~tl tti;l~e~~~ er~a~l~ii~~;

■ Lcatrr7ii~~ ~tt~l c~c~v~.Icj~ti~e~~e is a social .3~7~1 c.c3ilal~c~rat ~~E ~~:rir~t~t}f ~v2 ieti

c ~i~r~c~t r~aliy~ bey t.a~r~ltt. ~~5r sc~ritc ~cc~~lc. tl~~s c:~iti~s c~~isilyf, espt?ci ~ll~ i~'

tl~cv :six:: social izi t}3eir cl~ty~tc~~c~<~}~ lives :~t7c~ fi rcl riiixi~~~ ~t~~E~ t:~lki~r~; ~~~ t~~

~~tlici°s str;~i~l~tfcr~~a~~:t. ti 4lir~ic~t~:~l 1~:~~•tit~r in chic: clz~asic~c~t~i ~-.c~~ist~'~~e.~ tl~c.ii•

~,~r~•~i ~idttl~rstatc~lin. I~i~iif~~ t~ii:. prc~c~~s~ ~f c«tis~r~.tctir~~; a~~,.~tYi~3~ :~iYc~

u,~c~Gi~sexi~~~~iii~, t1~e. ~~~ch~r's rc~l~ is t~, ;ic~~ ~s f:~~-iIitc~cor.

■ I3e n~ ~tt~~tre cif t~~t ~I?l~ a~~d E~~ii~~ fi~11}7 :t~varc' ~1i~1~ far ~~ell l~ar~ier alts

~C]tZ~ ~1r1~~ ~i: c~~E~C'Y~I7k i5 CC~tilgll f43C ~~1~ ~t'.;l~~l~J' }'4~7~I1 E)~1t1i1111€~; ~~?~,}Pt)~.?t"lat~'

~1S~ ~tk1t~ ~1~~11°IfI~S \~~1I4=~1 ~rt~Il~ ~)~1C1171iSi'. ~4~1T1T121€~T~1~5 ~:i]t~\4~t.'C~~;~ 4t'E~~ F1~SC3

itit~~-~~~ tl~+~ t~~1cl~~r oft}: r~att~tt~ ti►~ci t~t~~~~ af`t~~~ ~t~~~~~c~~~'fc7r tl~e Ic..tctxe~~~~~Yic~~.sh~t~Ic-~ t~~ ~rovc~ec~.

t L~~rti n~ t~tiks ~»~i R~~tiviti~=~ ~~i~t~ c~thcr Ic:~r~~ir7 ititatitsns mz~~;t k~~ sit iii

tneanis~tc~l cc~tlte~t~. ~ ~~1e~~r7i~~~fu1 ~_~ti~e*~~ fc~z° ~t~i ~i~ult t~jlcl~e~~ i~ f~c~t

~aec~ss~~~~ly~ s~ ~~~~txa~i~~~~►~1 t~~~ ~X yc~~~t~g ~~ai°~~~x~; It ~s I~~ ~~ly des~r~at~~e t.1~1t

tl~e c.atit~~t i~~ ~;~l~ic}i tl~c. ~ct~rtiini~ is cf~Ve~c~~~~cl i~,tl~~ s<t~ne at t~~4 cc~nt~xt

iii r~T~~iclz tlrc l~~~cr~~~l~c~~;~ zs tc~ l~~ ~is~c~,

■ If ~t gill pass l~l~; iii-~~;~c eel l~at~'n n~ shn~~lcl 1~e rel it~d t~ ~ti~-cif=s~I~c c~1

l~ftr►~it1~ ~tci atl~~~: e~}~eri~n~~s, ~rlytfiii~~ l~rr~u~E~~ ~c~ tlje le~trr~i~x~ settiii~;.1~}~ a ~~~il~ ~e.~. a ~i~t~i~e. ~~n ~t~~~efact t~F ~~~y kitic~. or• ~t }~~:rst~t~~tl 4~r~r~=) c~ti~

1~~: ~<i~~i~;tlisi~c~ u~c~t~ ~~~a~i it~t~:~r<~tecl i~~tc~ ~~1t~t~~~cc1 ~~ar~~i~~~; c~~~~c:r~c~~ces,~T'l~~s

will ~~_r~t. tai cry :ate ;t sc rise ~f`cot~titiuity .~nci h~l~.~ tc~ cjiss ~~a~~ ~~~11~~~ cati

3ort~r;titii~*~; ~t~~~~~r ~ls ~~ ~;~~lt ~c~ttt~ecfi ~c1~o~l ~r~c~'rct►l lift,t ~c~sk ~ssetlkially,V}~~;c~~,~ky 6~r~tt~~ tl~~~ l~i~~~~la~e i~ tli~ I:e~f tea all ~ie~•e1c~~~-tietit.

~{rao~trleci e grad use c~f~v~,~dfi ~It~y,r ~et~tr<~I ~~art nc~t c,J~i~r in file c~er~~el~~am~~~t

of c~xi~4-i~~~~i'~ tl~~t~ lit taut ix~ X11 <~s~.~~~t-~; c~fcn ~itiwT~ c~~v~~~i~~~~~zxt.

T,oc~kir~ r~~~i~~ l~eni~~~ly at 1~.«•~~iri~ =is ~~s:~cattiilly ~~ s~c~sal ~~c~ivit~; r.~kizi

in~a~ t~cc~~~r~t thc~ i»t~.~c~rtat~t nc~~ions frc~n~ ~~~r~ss t}te r~~n~;E Qf-tl~~c~ry, x~rL c.~~

pi~t~c~uc:L rt :~~-t cif i~n~~rrar~t ~t~inciples eo cc~t~~~l~~~~t«~ th~is~~ tal~c~i~ ~iir~c;el~,s

ti-c~n1 V~~~r~tsk}~.Sc~c ~tl iiit~i`ste~icail i~ ~~f~i~r~tYrc~viit i~t~aa~~t~ziic~.~i~cl ,1t~r:~ceivit}~ cai~ btu

~,Ttitiral, Fig i~~ t~ri~h~.r—Stt~d~:t~t i~`tte:r~ie.~i~~i, ter l~ ~~-i~c~i~rnl, as iti :;tstd~.ttt—~atticizatt

ir~t~r~ic~fic~~i. E~cl~ ki~t~i cif i~~cer~~ct c~~~ }~~~s its c~i~j~i ~~~ects ~iY ltxztrt~ii~~;, ~ti~itt

~i



~f1~Q~_ __

tl~~ f 3ri~~er ~ny}~f~asizii~~ ~~et~~ r~ce~r~iti~~tt c~f~lE=call ~u~~~ ~)~c~ latre~- c~ti~~ha}izir~~.

~I~tbcir~~tir~ii .t~icl ~~~Ca~:c~~s~iti~xc a~trare~ics4,

Scaffolding. pl~n~ed end opportunistic

'I'hc rati~~; ai~c~ ~~tpe ~~f s~rp~.,~rt ~i~Fe~i tt [~a~ne~s is a cr~~ci.tl ~l~c.~~ier~~ its e1~~.

~r~~;r~s~ cat cl~~ir let~t~riiij~. A~ ~~~~ liavc ~.orisic~e~~cc~, sc~af~alc~i~~~; is c~ zlie.it~s ~y

~~r)iic.h ~~ "ltc~l}~c_r" (~~rc~ac~l}~ ~e:fr~e:d e~ 1~~: ~~ti~=c~ii+: i~~ :3 ~.5c~sitic~~~ tc~ ~•~~ric~c~ ~liis

s~~p~~rt} ltas tl~c ~aecncial tc~ }?~•c~l~ide sc~i~iet}iiti~; svlgie:h is likel~~ to assist i~~

tlic prc~c:es~ cif acc~uieiti~; l~n~~~rlc;c~bc a~ic~ ~-~~_tircic~~~iti~ ~at~rl~rst.l~2a-liit~.

Sc~f~o~~iiti~, i~ i~~~z~~~ar~,r~;~tic~ z1~3~i~~5eiae~ itz~~:r~=~utic~tl ~~trl~i~.~~ l~~a ttx~~y~t~~~~~w4_~if_~~7at~lii~~ a le:~~ct~~;r t~ ~zlc~~~ ~c~r«~arc~.

It i p~ssi~lc tl~c~~isil ~c~~ ~neir~l~~ iic;cc~kca~=~; eo c:c~~~~i{Icr tc~~o c~iffcrc~i3~

ip}~r~~zche~ Cc~ sc:~t~~~lciiii~. C'irst, si~f~i~lr~in~; +~.=it~ L~~ ,pl~tt~t~~c~ ir~e~t-~~eriti~»;~IÌzs

i~1~~lie;; khat a teacl~e~;—planned iilteevent on is nu~st likc~l}r to have l~~~n ~Iz~nned

~y ~t re~clier —aril) I1ave made i~ ~~cisic i~ to ~r~~=ide ~ m~ai~s tci assist ~a°~gre~z

[c~~~r{trds p~~~l{z~~n~d lc;F~tnin~ ~~Et~tircl~s.Tl~is i~~,~}' ~~~i4is~ cat ~i rt«~~;~f~~3 f~'~rei~~

a~~~~~r~~~cl~~ ~, ~»c~r~: ~e.t~~il n~~vhacl~ t~ril] ~~~ cc»~sic~ct-~:d l;it~~•. ~c~iue ~~;tx~~~~z3~;s ~~~~ht

~e the ~src~visic~i~ cif t ~vor~~i E~~ill~ ter ~~ cl~ilcf usiii~; ~~ ~i=c~ec{ ~rc~c.e:~s~~r, sitriplitic:c3

uL~~ri~ctic~~i5/c:~~~1~~»aric~t~ t«i iidivic~~wczis oi• ~~rsu~i:~I ,~rrci~eoi~ fi~tt~ tlic~ c~~cl~er

co~-.~u~e~thc~r adult -- tl~i~ cc~ail~i l~~ c~~r~itiuin~ ter iijti~~~ir~t~s~trt. N~rtltr~rlly, t:hei~~~

~irEY i~itn}~ c3tl~er ~i~,~rt~~~cl-ie ~c> ~rc~~~~~i~i~ sc:t#~o1~:1e~{ su~aj~t>rt. S<3~ii~ a~wt~lvtl~txn~~tl iatt~rv~~~tipnf ~atl~~e~ u~v~~lve tl~e prc~~~i~F~~y ~5fi t~~~tt~ria35 .cat-, tE~~

(a})~.7t~t'k1117~[~' t[~ ~llktl`li1Gk ~Y~C~1 (~G~~'S +~!` ~Vc'Il xl ~t»~t"!}?ttC~t' ~~I'C)~x~t~]~.

S~caF~~, t~~ 1~~Eve. ~vl~ar ~~~~-~ lzc e.<llle~i "aci Itt~c.,' ~nt~ cvc~ritioi~s: "['~Y~~+~

c~~~~c~s-c~~t~i~i~s fc~r"~c.tt~~Iciii~~, ar~~tY~c~~•~ elii~ic~z~t e~ ~~~~1~2.'~'ll~y, c~~~e~ici ~i~~rn tk

ec?acllcr/~~~~ttlt l~in~; ire else: ri~lit ~l~~e.~k ae ~il~ ~~i~lit tin~~~ itr j~j{txi}F c~~~~, el~t~

utf~rmed }~rc~f~ss c~n~~l judgement caf tl~e aciEtlt in t~tht~r sihi~ti~n~ car :~ ~~-c~up

situ~ttic~f~ .e=heir c~ialn,~~t~ is ~aein~ c~c.vGtt~pet~ l~ctwveei~ ~~a~ <tc~~,11t rind tlt~ class.C7~t~~~5 tl~~ ~~ak4~r~ caf ~~zy a~~~~-t~e~~tic~jy ~i~7 ~~: cr~~~iz1l, I~ ~ zzi vary fi~~z~ ;i til~c~~~t

t~~~d ~:c7i~~isG ~u~stc~za tci sc~r~~~~l~ii~~; ~a~c~a~ c=lal~c~a~it~,sueli .~~ s~►~;~~stitZ~.i fin•tl~ea~source ~tLL i~ifa~s7iz~tic~~~ <~r ,i cii~eiYtlt ~}~pr~acl~ tc~ sc~l~riri~ a ~~rol~lci~1. T~1

c:m~~z~s w triust lie oiz;~~a}~~~rt atic~ c1c.v~lopntej e r~~ttic •that :pia ~ivi~~~ ~~ ~s~ver,.

An ~t~a~e ~~fliicl~ rGfl~~ct~ tl~i~ at1~1 is sc~ui~tii~i~~.ti4~~ ec~ it~ak~ tif~c~ ~c7irit is"lcllii

is n(5t t~~rhit~~ " ~T'his €itlit~t i~; stfr~ic3tinies lir loci Cis tl~~: ~tt~t~~ ̀ ~Heai'in~ i~ t~c~t

le~ti-~~in~;", L3t)CIl C?I CIl(;SC Si11~7~~~ that c~}~~cs~-twitie~ fir ~ii~lr~~~ie, th~au~ht,.~ctt~rt

a~~d s~~~ ~i~~~g~~~~e~~~ ~~~itl~ c(~s~ ~~E~derli~ the ~~ac~e~s~ a~ 1.~;~ca~i~~.

~[t~~~ti~n t~ ~17e ~~roce~s ~f it~Cex't~ea,ti~~i_ i~ ~i~i:~~ atil~a~~'k~7ta~e it t17,ei~~stt~rials ~~r~~p.d~d t~}~ tla~ N~~t~c~i~~;l ~t~~t~t~,~~, .~ lnza~;—st~a~j.di~i~ initi~tiv~ Cc~

rti~~e staai~~rti its t~acl~ iy~; ~i~cl le,~i-~i t~~ iii Klee U_ I~ (see Fi~;4u-e. ~,:l~.I~y t~s rte;

~t3



~hGory

WhichId~nlify which pupil is r~n~kir~g less

progress fh~n expected.

V~(haE[~~ntidy what ii is chat this ~upllneeds t4 ~nai~l~ htm ~r h$r tc~

make progress.

Why

identity why this pupil n~~dssuppd~t to mike pra~jr~~.

Try

In~enrena to mist ttteneeds cif the pupil,

~Valu~teWhat was ilte imP~~i of 1h~irit~rv~ntiarl you prOvidei!'~

~'IguPe ~,1 Planning 1a~ Intervenl~on

~~urc~; Adapted trim National 5trate~ies, 2Q09

a tint nfe~i~e4tic~~~S ~ sk,-~rtin~ ~c~ t1~~, te.i~~~~~'s a~'~ enc~~ui-a~cd ko ~sttt~e k~~ ~.

i►~tet•v~i~tc~t~ tcz a~lak~ the E~~tit i~ii~aact c~c7 [he prr~~~-~~s cat the 1~7r►~er.As the ttirill ties, there i5 a r1?ic e rR~n€~~ cif' t~ariet~ i1i the ~ tape ;t ic{ n,~ture

cif ~caff~c~l~iit~~; ~tti iC i~ ~s~t~[c~}red iii ~rftct c~.e.The ~urpa~e t~F~~at~'c>Iciin~ i~ tc~

~~~pc~rt ~E~e l~~er~ier ri sxi3 1tt~~~l~k tc~ sicE i~~~e higher l~vel~ cif d~~~elt~}~n~~g~t

1-~y ~ 3neaiis cif difl-~rent ~tpprca~~h~s. The te~~lt~r, ~~ c~$cslc~~r, ~~n take z~~1

~iii~ere~~~k cc}le~ iii c~r~ier t~> ~r~a~icfe staff ~lc3i~i~, f«r e~an~ple.

■ icyat/~e°r etc ~rft~yc»t; ~iYt)VI~I121~ a~ i;~~urt fi-~tetii~~~zt>rl~ strati sstfc~ c~yi~tc~xt wl~~r~

cli lctrt~~t ft~_1 :tEal~ tca f~is~ke 5~ts~~t~ti x~ts =into ~i-r~P ~yit~ d~<i~;

■ t~'t~C1re►' ~~s }~r~l1t~~~t uaiti~ ~~~~s~ic~il~ tc~ red'rr~~~ tl~~ i~ic~il7idti;tl 1~4irn~~''s

khii~kii~g car ~rcav c~it~~ ~iltc~rnat ire, ~n~si~~~y s n~~lzr, la~~gu,t~t,

t~cr~-~r~r rzs criti~~l l~c~~r~~r rr1~t~~~rcar~r~~lc~r~ ~~f,%ec~~~,cr~~:a ~vzr~~ erit~~tt1 ~o~Y~z~~~~~~ a~~

fc~tN~ ~z~~~i~~~ _ia u~~ci~r~tz~r~d.~~i~e ~~y t~~e 1~~~~~~~° ~~id ~~a~~l~t sc~~g~~t

~.~ux•suit~ tl~e tack lj~i~i~ ta~~ia,Qr ~erl~x~}~~ ~~?okin~ ~~~~~~~tiere;

~ tera~Tret ~~ si~~r,~rti~iet: L~~~=~ki~~~ sa ~~rc~b1~~Y~ i«to ~rne~1lct~ ~~~a~~ ~~7s3tx{i~~a~~l~ ~te~~s

tc~ ~e ~~~I~I~c~M ley tla~ 1~.~~rti~:r;

~~~

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Thepry

■ t~y~ht?r rr.~ ~~~ntitfatc~r: ~;iviii~ ;t~pr-c>~~~-i.tt~ i~cc~ttra~~t~r~tt:~~t <tt c ritic~il }~~~ii7ta i»

~i'c~ce~a;.

■ tckac~lrc~t~ cr+ li s;~l~hs;l~teTr; ~c~ir~eiri~; c~~it ~s~~t3e:~s cif a e~~s1: ~r c~iac~seic~r~ ~~rlif~.l7

dct~~ar}d ijiox•~ .~tcc~~eie~r~ tl~:~r~ c~t17c:~• l~;~s si~;~~it~c.ielt ~fs}~~:ets;

■ t~~~~t~lr~~r rr~ t1rt7~e~l; ca~~•}tire c~u~ .a risk ~r ~l~i~tki~a~~ ~1~E~c~ rra ~i~r~l~t~~ti:~t~ ~~~

<~~~~rc~~~~:1~ ~~• tecl~~~~c~a~,

:~ct~t~c~lcjiii4 can. tip; cl~a~-~ic~et~i ~c~ as iiltea-c~e~~tiot~.Ì'tie ~d~~a~te_s ~iic~c~c:l, ~~~Illc:~l

~•~f~rs to l~~rs~n~li~i~~~ ~j~:c~a~o~ i~t~l K~}~~~rc~ac~~~s to tea4~~i~~~y sets c~~~t tt~~

■ ~'lt~ r~;atl~in~ is ~~~;t~ ~c~ s~~xc-~ str~tcturec~ so chat c.~fil~i~•eil tl~xt~ y~c~i~~ ~~c~ ply:

~~~~tT ~vl~~t~ i~ tc~ 1.ie 1~xL~ticd ~~t3.~i k~~~~a~ it fit:, si~[I~ r~vhst~ ~tl~t'y~ I~t~c~i~~ 4~~~~

~~~1 dc~ alr~,t~ip;

■ I l''s1IÌl~l? Ei~l'~ IT1C~G14'il~~t~ \Vita ~)zl~~'y 1~~~1~C~~U4' ill.]4~ Sk3~llll~il~lll~ il~~1VI~IK'S.

■ Lca~•~~cr' ~ro~re~,s ~s ;is5es~e.~i r~~i~(arl~, ~~st~~; ~~~actitic~t~~r-led ~~~s~ss~~t~nt,

self ,i~ses~liitXi~e ~~i7t~ pecru~tss.s~ni~rlt ap~i~c~~~r.ti~s cl~.~~ ~n<~ble si~t5sec~~~t~r

~~ss~~is tc~ L~~ t~tiic~rc~c~ t~> t~~4_ir ~~~,~~s.

■ I.essc~i~s'c~r s~~sic~iiti a~i~ d~si~;~~~~~ ~rciurtci ~ struett~r~ t1~tk ~~tzpl~asi5~s t(~sti~;e~ ~~'learilia~ f~t7tii ~i~l~iclr ciiilt{re~i ai~~ yourz~ jaec~E~le ~t~i11 ntcisC Lie~lt~Eit,

■ ~"~:acl3c.i~s cr~~1~4 sx s~trl~}cl atl~l ~y~~~~.~~s~ti~I t~tiaY~s~:~l~i:i~~ for l~a~~~i~l~:

■ T~~~1~~,•;; #~as-~ 1~~~~~ ~~~e~t{~t ems cif ~1~~ ef~'c~~~t ~~~~~~~a~~ ~t~il~ ~~~~ci tc~ ~~~~~I~~.,

■ T~zlclliIi~; cC~ly~i'17tr~iCC~S (7i1 tit Tiii»C~1~~i'~?Cic)i15, ~;a~}S C>I` ~~iL`'~1~11e~;SE.S t}l.it

l~~rn4~i~ iyav~ l~s►c~ ~vitlt ~:s~rli~~r ~v~rk ~~~7ci l~tailds ire scant ~-xtT~~ cc~~~sc~licl.~tir~~~.(i~f.t~ir~u.tl ~rrare.~~~, ~4)d~i7: 12)

[ ~ a t171<il~-sciile study ti~=M~ ~ l~ ìa.~vesti~;~jteci ~~~,~~r.Q~~clzes rc~ ~i~cc~tlr~i~i~a~

~~ri~~~aa-~T-a~~c~ cla ld~~i~ rc~ cie~~elc~~~ kl~e i~se cif ~`c~~:~~s~c~ c~~aest~r~~~4 ~~ ~I~e r~ticienc;e ~ilc~rk; it a;as fci~~i~{i that by t~si~t~ <l C'.{)I7SIStLIIt ~~~prc~a~h it1.t~.in~ hill

rise ~f'sc-:~f~c~l~iiiY~, j~iod~llin~ ~a i~l p~~liip"ti ~~ e~Xe}j iic~r~es ir7 ati stir+ r~~i~nte-i~r.

cif s iFi~ty ~i.~:, ~n c_tiviroiitr~ii~e iii ~r7l~icli plc ~ryiti~; o~~r cif tYc_~v ic~c_as z~ric~

c_~~~e~~siii~ ~~t,rs~rii~l ~~~i~i Otis cv~,~s rt~~c~~~rc~~ec~ ~~t~ci ~i~~~er c#isr~~<~~x~l~c~ gar

~is~t~~i~~t~d amt ~f l~aixc~), te~~cl~c.rs k~~l}~t~~{ c-~~ilci~r~:i~ to s~~~r~:lcs~ s~}~1ii5t c::~t~:d

q~,li:~tinzzii~~ t~chuc~uc;s.

Cltilc~rcii r~`lt~ 1cy:11•nci~! tllrciu}t thcS «se cifs~itt~oldi~y~; ~t~-~tt~~iefi b~~ rlte.~~

tec~~l~e~-a scat=rl~ec~ r~ s1~c~~tir 5u tairt~~+~~ it~tc~r~~st, 4ti~erc~ r~~~~~~ fc~ct~4e~i ai~ci ~Isc~

i~c;tt~ieicc9 ~~ cl~~~~~:r tev~1 r~~rrr7cic~ist~~rtcii~~~; (A~,~i- ct ~C., 2l~t,1Es).

'Tl~c iria~~c~i•t~~nce aiicj 3~eriea~~ cif ~~af~crlc~ ~~~ is ~u~niz~c~ t~~.~ ita <~ 3•c~cc;~~t

UIC_ c~~e~•a»~~~E~t }~tiblic~~~~rt~ ~~rl~i~h i~ ~~ ~,~<~~-t ti~'tl~e i'~Tati~t~~! St~~at~~~F ~im.~c~

Ott r,~ s n.~; st~nd~rdfi c~~ [x~t~~ teac:l~in~; ;field ~~u~il ~~ttriinna~ev~x.

TI~~ cc~ii~e~y~, cif sGsit~`c~~c~~a i~~ tes~~l~ita~ sc.'•tJ~s a snil~ir ~~i~tr~.~c~s~ tU tki

s~t~c~lditi~~; cq~~str~.~ck4ti st~'c>u~d ~ l~uil~lin~. tci nasike it s;~E~e ~irot~ ~1~c4~si~i1~..

~~

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Th~~ry

~ltr~~1 the jc~~ h=cs bcx~» ~ittit~, the s~~tt~~~lt~lia~~ i:~ ~•t;~tiove~l .~ix~ thy' t~~_w~+ c7~-

r~~c~iista•~~r:~~~ k~~iilc~it7~; ;;t.~tiils iii ire ~~~vti z-i~(~c.Te~~ic~l~~r~ c~~i u~~~ sc:af~i5l~i—

ii~~ tc~+~hnic~ttes t~~.t~:ntch a s~c~~ifi~ .is~tc~t ~E basic ~ki1L4.T'h~~+ ~ c~it~tr~t~t ~t

.̀scat~'c7E~~" ~it`c~tit7c~ ~kie~ ~~rc~~y ~c~ tE~~iC l~~tt~rters }~~i~~~ c~ire'ce .rc;ct~;;~; ry tE~e~ clit~seo~

fc~ctrtsf ~t=iCfl ►~4ith n .t1(c~~trec~ ei~ g~~ iii fih~ ~~rtvTc~ b~* cif t~~~~t*fik}'~ct~tic~lcl zt

tiiust b~A t~}i~i}~c~r.~r~:`V;r'lt~:n el7e; Ic:~r~s~:~- sh~tir=~ si~rf~ cif 1~<~tl~il►~~,~; tl~r~ ti:;k iiit~t~e4tic~ri, tli~j ̀ tsc~~f~~>lc~ii~~;,, coin tl~ it l5~ rz4ri~i~~~Y~1 ~;r~iClll€~11}~ tieztil it is x~c~

1~~►~~~r neti}cls~i. Iry ~l~i:~ ~~~~~; "h~~~ltic>~~c_~~„ i~ .~chi~~~c~~~; ~~ficl~c~~ir t~~s ~<ti~~ i~~

tlt~~ ~irc~cess, sc:af~'vlc~~rt~ r,~~c~,~t~~l ~i'~~e~l i~t~~~ricia~nct~ ~~i~cl h~~E~ltSssi~e~ss.

caE~~l~liit~ ~~~s~t,1~;41~arnc~r~ e~ rk:ric.h b~}=c~ni~ tlY~ir currei~r tc~rri~~t~.rtc:ics

<~~ic~ c~ plc~rG ne~~v un~ic~~`~t~~nc~in .~ncl skills.

~~de~INr~t~ aid ~hi~~ci~g ~{pud

icy tri~c~~lliti~; cc~r~irici ~tcti~~•itic.s, te;~t~~~.rs c~a° i~tli~r~ ~a~i1 ~~rc~i7icic o~~~~r~~~iutit

fc~r l~r~rncrs ec~ c~k~serve ~rt7c~3 ~11~tj ii~~itz~re ~~~ici rc:~lie~~ee.~'i~is cic~~:s r~c~e stzY~i}~

~a~ply ~c~ ~r~~etic.~1 car c~elt~r ~>Iz}rsi~-t~l skills, ~~lcl~c~c~y~Y iri s~3arts cc~ircl~irl~; si~c~~~~

~ic~~Ys, ~+ar G~~r~1~:~71~, this c-~tti tic ~;c.r:tz ~~t►it~ o~~r~ ~~aly It ~~lsc~ it~~~li~s itY ~nc~t~};otl~~r sitctz~tio3is, £car e~~.~~i ~l~ r~K~diti~;, ~~iririn~; sri~c~ ~vo►•~Ci~~~; gut calc~tlr~tic~t~~.~3~~ ~Src~vic~in~ :; c~il~~i~t7~~~r}r +~cari~~ ~lic:.~cti~~ity ~~ ~~~ iii~clell~c~, z~ter~ei~►~fi~~i l~~ c~rzn~lti ~o lac +~ssc:-t~ti~tl ~.l~~li+~i~ts ~f ~1~~ t ~5k iii c~~~c:st ~rx, 57U'~ can a~~

tl3~~t tl~ ~ eel ate clo~c*~y ~c~ ̀ t~~e e.~mi~~c~t1 <,lc~n~~iits nF ttia: ~vc~~~~.s cif I~~~n~lt~rs~,

~~t~c~ ~~c~c~ ~iic~r ti~t~ ,}~ij~,~ l~e~~i cc~t~sic~e~=~1 e.srrli~r.

T"c~ s~ual ~~~~ el~is se:ctic~a~ ~~l~iei~~~; .~c~ t1~e tas~eu~°c ztrie! iru~o~~t:~tjc;~ cif

s~:z~~~k-~ii~~ s~~ ~t ~.~~~i<t~~~i~;al tc~c~l rti~tivX~c~c~ ~~y ~:c~~:ia~l cc~j~strt~cti~~i~ru ~~l~c~

~c~cir~l l~irz~in~ tl~e~ry, ~i~ ut~= 3:2 ~~t~ Brut f~=c :tc;tivit~es ~<<} ic~7 ~~ s~~€~alc~3er

r~~i~a~ el~oo~c to i~~~~l~~ii~e~c~t ~~ t~~~ ~c~~~l•~+~ ~f su~~~ort~~~~ izacliuc~~~s~~s c~~~

~a•~«~~ ~~~+z~~rs~er~,

Ex~~ndi~g the prin~ipl~s o~ ~oci~l ~anstrt~cti~rism

Tl~re~ ~z•izlc~~~les ~~'co~~str~e~.tiva~r~t, ~ip~~~ s~~•laicl~ t~c~t~~ s~~i<il ~:c~~~~~ructi~=as~~~

t~a~~i c~t~~~~• sc~~iF~l ~~;lrty~~~, th~~ai•y c~t►~ ~~ se~~~ t~ l~~ ~c~c~tti~ci, ~r~. ~-~~~s~a~t~cl

T~~ic}i_i~a~ ~~i~~st tie c~~~ceeiae~i ~~~ tit tC~c e~pGrienc-~:s xnei c~~tr~:~ts that ~~ltlkc

tlY~ le~i~•~~~i' ~villii~ at7d a1~~e to l~a~n.(a.e. r~ac~3i~~~s~~,

■ Te~~liit~~; most Eye s~rutti2rec~ s« tl~~G it c=iii E7c easily ~rfis~e~;i ~iy tllt leari~ei.

X11



Theory

€xplair~in~;providing guidance

AP1t~ gfBCllG4

diving cues:~IVIII~ ~IU~S,

instructive questioningantife~dback

~af#old6C~g technit~u~s ~orti~ng inf~rmat[bn intoan appropriate sequence

Modii~ring task:fimiEir~g amount of

inic~rmat~n

MOdellin~:thinking aC~ud

(i.~, think-speak)

figure 3.2 Scaffalding technique

SQ~rc~; AdaRk~d 1r4m ~A[~HQ, ~Q~~

■ 'T~: t~lli~i~ slic~4tl~1 fit. ~c:si~n~~i Cc~ f~t~ili[.~Ce ~xtr~i~ol~itic~ti ~nt~~or fill izl k~~z

~~~s ~i.~. ~~ bey'rand tli~ inft~rnittioti gi~~~►~).

F~i1~wi~~ c~~~ ki-~~~~ dais, ~~~c~ u~ ~ii~ itet~i~~~t to dr~~~ t~~~~}~~r ~i sit ~F~

~a►-~ilr:i~a~es ti~~l~i~l~ .~~~}~1y ~~c~~n ti t~~+~ ~~~ct~~u~a~ taisc~c:iz~lly~ a~a~di.~t~ci 1~~~~~.~~~~~ ,tl~~ ~~~lc~~vi~_a ~~r~~~c%~al~~ caul l~~ c~i~~ ~l~d fi•c~t~~ the k~r~atf tir~~~<t ~t' ~o~ial

cc~t~st~•u~ti~zsza~ 7~ad s~ci<~l ~~irr~~i~~~; C[~~s~~~y iii ~e~~~~I (~ea~l;~ ~t rrf~, ~19~~3;

~7z•~~~c~~~c~, 1 t~?9):

It is }?~s~aE~1e t~ l~axra Lev c►t~s~r4~iR~~ tl~~ E}clat~vio4i~~ c~~' ot)~ea~s atac~ cl~~~t~t~~r~~~s Q~ ~l~~i~ ~~1~~~~~~~~~r. ~~~~~~.xr~~ (~ ~3t)7~) ~~rs this l~~in~ iyl~c~

L~~~iiiiti~ ~~~c~i~lcl lit ~r~~ccii~r~ly lab~ric~us, t~c~t to ii~tlYeic~i~ haz<tr~~lot~s,

i€`~i~+~pl~ }~~~i ~~ rcly~ sc~l~~ly c~t~ tt~~ ~f~i~er~ cif e(~~ir ~~~v~~ ~tctid~~~ ec~ ii~f~rr7~rl~in ~~~}~at ~~ cjc~, f~c~~•t~in~~~s~ly, ~t1c~~t-~~~ei~~7at71~~htvi~ti~ is left~rx~c~ c~l~~~r~~r~ttic~r~aliy ~hr~u~t~ r~~c~c~~=~lir~~: tr~~i~i c~bsc~r~~it~~ c~e~~ers uric f~rrtr~~ .~n it~e a

~~



~h~ory__ _ _ _

cif h~}i~Y t~~~~~ l~~h~tvit~ur ai•ei ~~cr~t~r~~~~::d, ~tr~ci c~~i lsiter t~tt-~isic~~is this

cc~~le~l ir~fc~ri~ic~fi~r~ ~er~~~~ as =► ~caicl~ ~~~r acri~n.(~3.~~irl~trt, l t~~17~. ~~~

C;c~~;nitii~t~ ~yl,~~s :~ c ~r~~r~~l rc~lc~ its 1~:~ri~irY~; leri°tiin~; ~~ n~~~ :~i~i~~+l}r =~ c~u~s~

tic~i~ cif st:int~►ha~ ~rlc~ res~c~~~~. ~~ei~l lez~rilir~~ tljtic~r~ ~l~t~:~c c.~7gr~i~i~~~

~i7~a~cii~s iit ae tote hula of Ii~11~~.tr3 l~~~rtiiii~. H~a~~~~e5rscte, thc~ ~~i~~t~+ also

nc.l~ti~~4~l~c~~~s than ~~r~ e ~~eetx~eic~t~ cif E ~tttrc~ rci~~forc~~~t~~n~ or ~~iyn~shn~►~~ntc=iit ~7.~ve: ~it~ it~r~~-t c~ij bthsitric~ur.

~ I« s~~~ie ti~r~~~s, ~oea,~l t~=rri~i~~~ tk~~oa-~~ ~s la~k~d t~~~~r~. as ;1 l~ri~~

co~~t~~~tii~~ L~~l~~v~~t~ris[ ;~~ci ~:c~~,~~ t v+ ~~;~~~~ ~~ theories.

's"c~ ~~aci tl~i~ ~~~~i~.}tc ~ we sl~a~~ld ~o~~si~~~r tl~e ~v~r•~s of J~s~i~ is x~~•~~ tl~e

~i-iir~~t~r oftl►e ~xp~re~~t~c~~~1i.p ~~}~I~~~~atic~i-► c3Fs~c:i~tl l~.~rx~isi~:

C~_c~~tiiei~rc§ ~~p~~rcri~ic~shi~ st~p~c~re~ ic:~►rt~~ii~ its r~ elo~~i~~ii~ b~= ~~it tbiitl

seuc~~.nts cc~ ~cc~~~ii~c, E1eve:I~~ said t~~c ec~~r~iti~r~ rc~ols yn ~~~t~i~r~tic ~an~~it~

:tcti~rit~F. ~c~li'13Tt1~, ~~t1t ~s~t~ic~~ •.~ric~ it~~ic~lt sc.tic~c~l, :;c~iv:~tYccs ~~ii~~~~;}i

z-~ll~i~~r~~tiv~ sc~ei~~l into r~~c_ric~~~ ~~ti~ el~c ~c~~is~I ~c~~~s~~ia~~i~~~ c~€l~trc~~.vlc~c~l~e.

~~.av~, ~I~.~G~S: ~l ~,~)

umm~ry

t~ I,G<7r~~i~~sY is ;~ l~inl~l~ social ~~c-ti~~it~~ {`~'l~~x•c are, cif ~~isrs~:, ~~~tabl~

~.xce_~tiotls tc3 tfyis seittetti~i7t ~~C tlae l~~ti~c°i c~F s~t~~z itic~i~~idtt:~l lt-~~ri~~rs

~1Pitt`C~l1Cl5.~

~r [Ci1c~S~~l~c~~;~. is c:re.tit~d b}~ lc~:zi~i~ci~s its t1ic; ~-oi~tclt c~f~ats~i :~s a ►~cs«it oEsc~c;i~~liiittr.~ctio~i (vaEt H~trt~~ele~~, ?t}(}~;j,

~Gtll(I~1~

■ ~c~i~sicjcr, iii t}icy li~;he cif else cor~tc~nt ~rf c~~is chapee r, tlt~ c~it~ rent aspects

z~f ~;c~~i~tl l~~irn n~; a~ic~ the ~~Jay in ~~~fiicl~ the diec>ries a~iay ii~tiicat~ t]~e~

t~Gi1G}~ 17~~?i1['~l44I~e11 ~4itC`.~~1~3 :5~~'61~G'15=~,

r +~;~risi~~~~ t~~~ sc.~~f~i~lciin~ straec:~i~s elj~lt ~Qt1 Iii}vc- t~sc;c~, or ~~rieri~ssc:~ ~~it~

«s~c~, i» te=ichiit~.

43

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