A Value Chain on Linseed: Processing and Value Addition

A Value Chain on Linseed: Processing and Value Addition for
Profitability - Production to Consumption System (PCS)
Consortium Lead Center
Consortium Partners
Associate partner
2014
Consortium Lead Center BAIF Development Research Foundation
DR. Manibhai Desai Nagar, NH 4 Waraje, Pune 411058
Consortium Partners
Associate partner
2014
Consortium Lead Center
BAIF Development Research Foundation DR. Manibhai Desai Nagar, NH 4 Waraje, Pune 411058
Consortium Partners
Associate partner
2014
Component : Production to Consumption Systmes
Citation : BAIF-NAIP 2014. Final Report of subproject ‘A Value Chain on Linseed: Processing and Value Addition for Profitability - Production to Consumption System (PCS)’ – BAIF Development Research Foundation, Waraje, Pune 411058
Copyright : Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Disclaimer : The report is compiled through inputs provided from consortium partners. Correctness and relevance of information is the responsibility of concerned partners.
Published by : Mr. Girish Sohani
CL and President - BAIF Development Research Foundation, Waraje, Pune 411058
Edited by : Mr. Ramesh Rawal, CPI (BAIF), Dr. M. V. Hegde-BVU
Compiled by : Preeti Karmarkar, BAIF, Dr. Surekha Bhalerao, BVU
Hindi translation : Preeti Karmarkar, BAIF
Other Credits : Mr. B. K. Kakade, Mr. Nitin Patil, Mr. Sagar Kadao, Ms. Meera Nerlekar, Dr. M. V. Hegde, Dr. P. B. Ghorpade, Dr. J. J. Maheshwari, Ms. P. R. Manapure, Mr. Madhu Nair, Mr. Somesh Pande, Field teams of the subproject
Cover page photographs
: Linseed plot in the field area of Nagpur District, Maharashtra
___________________________________________________________________________ Printed at D. G. Copiers (Pune) Pvt Ltd
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents Page number Foreword 1 Preface 2 Acronyms/Abbreviations 3
4 Executive Summary/ Key words 6 Part-I: General Information sub-project 10 Part-II: Technical Details 12 1. Theme of Sub Project 12 2. Introduction 13 3. Overall Sub-project Objectives 14 4. Sub-project Technical Profile 14 5. Baseline Analysis 15 6. Research Achievements 17 7. Innovations 32 8. Policy issues emerging out of Sub Project 34 9. Process/Product/Technology Developed 35 10. Patents (Filed/Granted) 35 11. Linkages and Collaborations 35 12. Status on Environmental and Social Safeguard Aspects 36 13. Publications 36 14. Media Products Developed/Disseminated 39 15. Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized 39 16. Participation in Conference/ Meetings/Trainings/ Radio talks, etc. 40 17. Foreign Trainings/Visits 40 18. Performance Indicators 41 19. Employment Generation 42 20. Assets Generated 42 21. Awards and Recognitions 43 22. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability 44 23. Possible Future Line of Work 44 24. Personnel 45 25. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination 45
Part-III: Budget and its Utilization 47 Part-IV: Declaration 48 Annexure 49
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Foreword
I am happy to present the Final Report of the sub-project titled ‘Value Chain on Linseed’ under Component 2 of the ‘National Agriculture Innovation Project (NAIP)’.
The Project was implemented in a Consortium mode. The Consortium members consisted of the leading State Agriculture University; Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth (PDKV) along with the Bharati Vidaypeeth University (BVU) and industrial partner ‘Ensigns Diet Care Pct Ltd, Pune. BAIF was privileged to play the role of Consortium Leader.
The consortium working helped to not only bring in the relative strengths of each organization in the implementation, but the successful group working through proper coordination and dovetailing of actions by the implementation partners helped to produce a synergistic impact which is the true benefit of a consortium approach. The consortium also owes the positive outcomes to the capable guidance of the CAC under the able leadership of its Chairperson Dr. Y. S. Nerkar.
As a result of all these contributions and efforts, the Project has really worked well to establish innovative value chain on linseed taking care of all aspects from production of improved linseed varieties, linseed extraction for omega-3 oil and R&D with respect to Omega 3 rich food products. The enhanced yields of linseed fetched higher incomes to the farmers and opens up window for entrepreneurship in value chain.
I am happy to acknowledge the efforts of the CPI, all the CCPIs and the Project Teams who worked very hard to overcome all the challenges.
I would also like to express our gratitude to NAIP-ICAR for choosing BAIF to be the Lead Center, and to acknowledge the wholehearted support extended by Dr. Ezekiel NC, NAIP - Component 2 and Dr. D. Rama Rao, ND, NAIP.
We hope that this innovative value chain will encourage the farmers for linseed crop cultivation and opportunities for entrepreneurs in value addition through processing into Omega-3 rich products to ensure Omega-3 nutritional security. Girish Sohani Consortium Leader & President BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune
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Preface
The subproject ‘Value Chain on linseed: Processing and Value Addition for Profitability – Production to Consumption System’ implemented by BAIF led consortium in Maharashtra; has been pleasant experience to work in compatible and complimentary consortium.
Country has been facing the problem of stagnation in agriculture production and falling income of the farmers in general and in rain fed area in particular. Rain fed agriculture has been facing the twin problem of uncertain rains and falling demand of traditional crops, hence farmers have been shifting to other crops with lot of risks, leading to poverty.
Linseed is one such crop which has been traditionally grown in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh but area under this crop has been reducing regularly. AICRP on Linseed at PDKV, Akola has done good work in development of high yielding varieties of Linseed but due to lower demand and lack of extension; these varieties largely remained in the lab and could not be promoted at farmer level.
BVU Pune besides other research work; has been engaged in the nutritional aspects and importance of Omega-3 fatty acids in human diet. Linseed is the major vegetarian source of Omega-3 fatty acids, which needs to be promoted to meet nutritional requirements.
Besides, development of high yielding varieties of Linseed and its potential to meet Omega-3 fatty acid demand, it required working together of PDKV, BVU and BAIF, an organization engaged in large scale extension services to transfer technologies for enhancing the agriculture productivity and income of farmers on sustainable basis. The Consortium has demonstrated and promoted cultivation of high yielding varieties at farmer level and provided remunerative market to farmers, technology development for Omega-3 rich Linseed oil extraction, food product development for human consumption and establishing scope for entrepreneurship in value addition.
Therefore, this was a unique consortium of agencies involved in extension as well as backward and forward linkages.
Project has worked in a comprehensive manner for productivity enhancement of Linseed through selected varieties rich in Omega-3, standardizing Omega-3 fatty acid, extraction technologies and formulation of various Omega-3 fortified food products. The project has also laid emphasis on utilization of not only to Omega-3 rich linseed oil but also on utilization of byproducts like Linseed cake for Omega-3 rich fortified poultry feed for production of Omega-3 rich Chicken and eggs.
Another salient feature of the project is Laboratory level research on extraction of ‘Lignan’ an important Pharmacological properties compound from deoiled Linseed cake, which will open a new chapter in value addition to this neglected crop. Ramesh Rawal CPI & Executive Vice President BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune
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ALA: Alphalinolenic Acid
BVU: Bharati Vidyapeeth University
LDH: Lactate Dehydrogenase
NL: Nagpur Linseed
Q: Quintal
4

(Linseed) value chain !
value chain ;
,
!
, !
, ! : Omega 3 fatty acids
! Omega 3 Fatty acids
Omega 3

%

.
!
Omega 3 Eggs, Omega 3 chicken
! Ensigns Diet Care pvt ltd
!

!
-
. ./ . ./
. / . /
5

|
- |
- : -
,
| AYURVET Bset Paper
Award
- |
ALVEL DST Lockheed Martin
|
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Executive Summary
The value chain on linseed is a very innovative concept. BAIF along with PDKV and BVU worked on all the components of value chain right from linseed production to branding and marketing of Omega 3 products.
Objectives of the subproject
Identification and introduction of high yielding and disease resistant varieties of linseed crop
Processing of linseed crop for Omega 3 oil and omega-3 byproducts Recovery of lignan from linseed cake for pharma application
Roles and Responsibilities of Consortium Partners
Components in value chain Partners Promotion of high yielding and resistant varieties of linseed - NL-97 and PKV-NL-260
PDKV
BAIF
Linseed processing for omega 3 oil and omega 3 byproducts BVU R & D on omega 3 food fortification Branding and Marketing of Omega 3 Products Ensigns
Origin of the Project (Cross cutting with NAIP III)
The subproject ‘A Value Chain on Linseed: Processing and Value Addition for Profitability’ under ICAR NAIP component II; has its origin in NAIP III subproject ‘Sustainable Rural Livelihood Security in backward districts of Maharashtra’. In NAIP III subproject, BVU took an innovative initiative ‘FLAX BIOVILLAGE CONCEPT’ for providing a means of linking linseed farmers in backward districts (Vidarbha) with the consumer through various omega-3 enriched health products developed by BVU.
On one hand it has assured a good price to the linseed growing farmer in the backward districts and also high value health product to the consumer. In order to support linseed growing farmers in Vidarbha districts of Maharashtra, with buy back guarantee, BVU with the help of NAIP III grant initially established omega-3 oil extraction unit for processing linseed.
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High yielding disease resistant linseed varieties NL-97 and PKV NL-260 (developed by AICRP Linseed PDKV) were provided with support of BAIF and PDKV to the farmers, who reaped better productivity. Both production and area under linseed cultivation improved and farmers earned Rs. 22000/ha more income because of increase in linseed productivity and the buy back guarantee provided by the post harvest technology provided by BVU.
MOU with Ensign
Diet Care Pune for Marketing of Omega-3 products. They were supplied products in bulk. Four Omega-3 products: (i) Omega-3 Oil, (ii) Enrich Feed Mix (Layer), (iii) Omega-3 Egg and iv) Omega-3 soft gel were introduced into the market.
In order to extend the product range present subproject under NAIP-II was undertaken, and four more products have also been developed (i) Enrich Feed Mix (Broiler), (ii) Omega-3 Chicken (iii) Omega-3 fortifier (iv) Omega-3 Milk and also a phyto-estrogen Flax lignan from the linseed. Technologies have been developed and the products are yet to reach the market.
At Real World Nutrition Laboratory, bottling of 100g omega-3 oil for domestic use has been initiated under the brand name ALVEL.
To create awareness and aid marketing, we have undertaken to provide omega-3 fatty acid analysis of blood samples as an additional health marker along with routine lipid profile (cholesterol and triglyceride)
Particulars Baseline Improved Production 235 kg /ha 820 kg/ha Income 8930/ha 31160/ha
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1. Value addition to linseed has made linseed agriculture lucrative.
2. Innovative approaches to resource high grade omega-3 fatty acid from linseed and enrich Poultry, Bakery and Dairy products; has been successfully demonstrated.
3. Technologies for high grade omega-3 oil, omega-3 soft gel, omega-3 layer feed and omega-3 eggs were commercialized initially through Ensign Diet Care Pvt Ltd, now BVU has floated ALVELTM brand for all omega-3 products.
4. Alvel Omega-3 egg Innovation has earned coveted DST Lockheed Martin gold medal and Rs one lakh cash award.
5. Tender, tastier, juicer Omega-3 enriched chicken (300 mg omega-3/200g edible tissue) with better texture has been successfully developed.
6. Research paper on Omega-3 chicken production has earned AYURVET Best paper award.
7. Omega-3 in the chicken feed, gives better health to birds, improving morbidity and mortality, adding to profitability; the paper has earned Avian Health Professional award (Hyderabad) and the paper was presented at the PSA meeting at Georgia Tech Atlanta July 2012. Indian patent has been filed for omega-3 broiler chicken feed.
8. LOI signed with industries for production and sales of omega-3 products at Agri- business conclave July 2013 ICAR New Delhi.
9. Lignan, a phytoesterogen has been isolated from de-oiled linseed cake, characterized; lab scale production standardized its cardio-protective, antioxidant and antimetastatic breast cancer, pharma applications evaluated. Linseed germ plasm has been screened for omega-3 fatty acids and lignan.
10. Three members of the team have already earned PhD and two more continue to work.
11. 26 research papers have been published in 13 in NAAS rated journals and 13 (International) journals
Impact
1. With linseed intervention in the subprojects under NAIP III (SRLS) and in NAIP II, farmers are now preferring to grow linseed in Rabi, which has resulted in increase in area under PKV NL 260 by 5500 ha in Yeaotmal, Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, Nagpur, Wardha, Bhandara in Vidarbha. Productivity has increased from 235kg/ha to 822kg/ha in rainfed and 1750kg/ha in irrigated condition, with the net income increase from mere Rs 6939/- initially to Rs 29360/- in rain-fed, Rs 35112/- under irrigation.
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2. Several omega-3 enriched products (omega-3 oil, capsule, chicken feed, omega-3 egg) developed under the project have reached the market and many more (omega-3 milk, omega-3 ghee, omega-3 chocolates, flax lignan etc) are in the offing. The technology is economically viable and very valuable for linseed farmer, bakery, dairy and poultry industry importantly for human health. Technologies have the potential for the development of Rural Entrepreneurship. The project has ensured sustainability by exploring horizontal expansion in all possible avenues.
3. Establishment of technology dissemination center would be instrumental to take the outcome of the project to the whole country in order to achieve ‘omega-3 nutritional security in the country’.
Key Words: Flax Bio-village, Linseed or Flaxseed, Omega-3 Oil, Omega-3 chicken feed, Omega-3 egg and chicken
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Part-I: General Information of Sub-project
1. Title of the sub-project: A Value Chain on Linseed: Processing and Value Addition for Profitability – Production to Consumption System (PCS)
2. Sub-project code: 10(45)/Comp2/2008-NAIP
4. Date of sanction of sub-project: June 8, 2009
5. Date of completion: 30th June 2012
6. Extension if granted: from July 2012 to March 2014
7. Duration of the sub project: 4.10 years
8. Total sanctioned amount for the sub-project: 434.71 lakh
9. Date of the First Release of Funds: 22nd September 2009
10. Total expenditure of the sub-project:
11. Consortium leader: Mr. Girish Sohani President, BAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune
12. Subproject website address (URL): www.baifnaip.org.in
13. List of consortium partners: Name of CPI/ CCPI
with designation Name of organization and
address, phone & fax, email Duration
(From-To) Budget
Executive Vice President
209.52
CCPI1 Dr. S. L. Bodhankar BVU, Pune June 2009- March 2014
87.16
Dr. Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, College of Agriculture, AICRP, Linseed, Nagpur Phone: 0712/2541245, Fax: 0712/2525304 [email protected] om
2007-2011 138.03
2011-2012
2012-2014
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14. Statement of budget released and utilization partner-wise (` in Lakhs):
CPI/ CCPI Total budget
date)
date)
209.52 146.19 131.68 14.51
87.16 73.11 82.50 (9.39)
138.03 148.36 116.33 32.03
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1. Theme of Sub-Project:
The value chain on linseed is a very innovative concept developed by BVU. BAIF led consortium, with BVU and PKV as partners, worked on all the components of value chain right from linseed production to branding and marketing of Omega 3 products. Linseed also known as flax seed has been a neglected crop in India, because of low productivity and low market demand. Linseed is not generally considered edible and has many anti-nutritional components, such as cynogen glycosides, anti vitamin B6 and a phytoesterogen that can interfere with pregnancy and normal reproductive metabolism young women. Linseed is however very rich in essential omega-3 fatty acid. Modern food is very deficient in Omega-3 fatty acid and today the increase in severity and incidences of several degenerative diseases including Cardio- vascular disorders, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, mental illness etc has been attributed to this deficiency. Hence ‘BRING BACK OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID INTO FOOD CHAIN’ has been a global cry.
The Flax Bio-village Concept was conceived by BVU and was successfully implemented through the NAIP subprojects. This final report narrates the success story, its implementation, how it has revived the linseed to make it a BIO-ECNOMY CROP. Various Omega-3 enriched products have been developed by resourcing omega-3 fatty acid from linseed.
The whole idea was to take the science to society, idea to innovation, innovation to validation and finally validation to commercialization.
This BAIF led consortium had the BVU research backup on omega 3 and PDKV’s improved cultivation package of linseed and BAIF’s strong extension system to work with farmers. This was instrumental for the success of this formidable venture. Ensigns provided support for branding of products and marketing.
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2. Introduction Preamble: The subproject ‘Linseed Value Addition for Profitability’ under ICAR NAIP Component II, has sought to address ‘Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in the modern diet’ with a unique outcome: Convergence of Agriculture to Health and Wealth. With the goal of bringing back Omega-3 Fatty acid into Food Chain, the subproject has laid a very firm foundation to achieve the above goal. Necessary steps have been taken to make the project sustainable and pursue it further vigorously;
With a Mission: Omega-3 Fatty acid Nutritional Security in the country
With ultimate attainable Vision: Healthy Wealthy Wise India
Origin of the subproject: In the ICAR NAIP III sub project ‘Sustainable Rural Livelihood Security in Backward Districts of Maharashtra’ led by BAIF, linseed intervention was proposed for SRLS in some backward Vidarbha districts of Maharashtra Gadchiroli, Chandrapur Yeotmal. As a part of this, PDKV introduced initially NL 97 and PKV-NL 260 high yielding disease and resistant varieties of linseed developed by its AICRP Linseed Nagpur center. These varieties had not reached the farmers before. Farmers were not keen on growing linseed as it was not remunerative and there was no market for linseed. In order to address the problem of ‘Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in the modern diet’ BVU had unique, pioneering ‘LINSEED- BIOVILLAGE CONCEPT’. A cold press omega-3 oil extraction unit was established at Sangamner, under NAIP III subproject, for giving buy back assurance to the farmers. To further strengthen the innovative initiative under taken to promote linseed agriculture in NAIP III, and to expand on the omega-3 products, a subproject under NAIP II ‘Linseed value Addition for Profitability’ was conceived.
Background: Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids. Modern diet is very deficient in this vital nutrient. Increase in incidence and severity of many degenerative diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, arthritis and mental disorders etc are attributed to this deficiency and more particularly to the omega-6 to omega-3 imbalance. To remedy this situation the global cry has been ‘BRING BACK OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID INTO FOOD CHAIN’. It is no wonder therefore that Omega-3 Fatty acids are the most sought after nutrient today. Linseed is very rich source of lignan. SDG (Secoisolaricinol Diglucoside) is a phytoestrogen, with several pharmacological properties including cardio-protective and anti breast cancer properties, already produced by many companies in US and China and sold as OTC (of the counter) product, Therefore it was considered to undertake research under NAIP II to recover lignan, a high value product from the linseed deoiled cake, a byproduct of Omega-3 oil extraction unit (established in NAIP III), characterized and study its pharmacological properties (in NAIP II).
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3. Overall Sub-project Objectives Identification and introduction of high yielding and disease resistant varieties of
linseed crop Processing of linseed crop for Omega 3 oil and omega-3 byproducts. Recovery of lignan from linseed cake for pharma application
4. Sub-project Technical Profile
Identification and introduction of high yielding and disease resistant varieties of linseed crop
300 acres Increase in linseed production
Seed production
Linseed processing for omega 3 oil and omega 3 byproducts
Production of high quality omega 3 oil and development of omega 3 byproducts
Omega 3 eggs
Omega 3 chicken
Alpha lite oil
Recovery of lignan from linseed cake for pharma application
Research on Lignan and animal feed
Cheap Poultry Feed Lignan Extraction for
Phrama application
5. Baseline Analysis
The overall objective of baseline situation analysis was to assess the socio-economic conditions of the people in the project area prior to intervention as well as assessment of the baseline situation of other key elements of the value chain on linseed.
The area under operation was traditionally a linseed growing belt. But the area under linseed started reducing from the last 20 years. Soybean was seen as a major crop which farmers felt more profitable. Unavailability of high yielding, disease resistant varieties was another reason for farmers’ indifference towards linseed. Focused group discussions were conducted with farmers to understand the practices for linseed and their perception regarding reducing area of linseed. Linseed was seen as a subsidiary crop. Local varieties were used for sowing. They used to undertake row to row sowing with the use of a seed drill keeping a distance of 22 cm in between. No irrigation was to be provided. Farmers did not apply fertilizers. They used to harvest the crop by uprooting the plant manually. As reported by farmers, linseed was vulnerable to attack by bud fly but no prevention or control measures were undertaken. Average production of linseed was about 235kg/ha. In 2009 the price received for linseed was Rs. 35/kg. Although the price of soybean is less compared to linseed still soybean was preferred as yield of soybean is high compared to linseed.
Some awareness was observed about nutritional value in linseed. Linseed is used for domestic purposes also. There are a few oil expellers at local level. Linseed oil is used for cooking purposes and linseed for preparation of chatney. There was no awareness on omega 3 fatty acids.
It became apparent from the discussions that knowledge regarding traditional practices was there in their collective consciousness. However regarding cultivation of linseed, they had certain expectations such as provisions of pesticides and fertilizers for prevention of bud fly and seed treatment as a preventive measure against Wilt and Bud fly.
Net income per ha from various crops
Soybean Paddy Cotton Linseed Wheat Gram
Yield Kg/Ha 1235 2008 1173 247 1632 741
Market price (Rs/kg) 19 13.75 27.31 35 10.3 17.7
Gross income Rs/Ha 23465 27610 32034.63 8645 16809.6 13115.7
Input cost 4147 5604 8094 2470 6103 4414
Net income per ha (Rs) 19318 22006 23940.63 6175 10706.6 8701.7
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Economics of linseed cultivation: The average quantity of seed used for sowing was 32 kg/ha which cost about Rs. 1200/- Fertilizers, usually 125 kg of DAP was used per ha which cost around Rs. 1500/- Although linseed received comparatively good price, (Rs. 35/kg) farmers did not prefer it due to less yield. On an average, farmers were earning Rs. 6175/ha for linseed if there is no pest attack.
Baseline analysis was undertaken for linseed cultivation as well as other elements in value chain;
Researchable issue: Linseed has 1-3% lignan and is also one of the very rich sources of lignan. This gets readily converted in to mammalian lignan with estrogenic activity in the human body. This molecule is of tremendous pharmacological importance. It has been shown to be very useful for treating and preventing post menopausal syndrome in women, arthritis, osteoporosis and breast cancer. It has also been shown to have anti-atherogenic activity. Therefore, research was undertaken under the subproject on isolating lignan as a byproduct from linseed oil and establishing its medicinal value.
Element Baseline status Linseed variety grown C- 429
Linseed Production 235 kg/ha
Income from linseed Rs. 8930/ha
Processing for food application, cold press extraction of omega 3 linseed oil
Linseed oil was not used for food application
Branding and marketing of omega 3 products No food fortification through linseed oil was done earlier in India
Omega-3 feed and omega-3 chicken No omega-3 chicken feed or omega-3 chicken was produced in the country
Researchable Issues
Germ-plasm Screening Nil
6. Research Achievements Linseed cultivation was undertaken in Nagpur district of Maharashtra; which is considered as heart land of linseed.
BAIF worked with the farmers for cultivation of improved varieties of linseed. PDKV provided support for seed and recommended package for production and protection of linseed. BVU took care of processing of linseed and development of omega 3 products. Ensigns worked for branding and marketing of the products.
Objective I: Identification and introduction of high yielding and disease resistant varieties of linseed
i. PDKV has developed improved package of production and protection of linseed. Key Interventions Introduced: Cultivation of improved varieties and production of linseed is fundamental component in value chain on linseed. Use of recommended varieties of Linseed, proper sowing time and adoption of plant protection measures gives optimum yield.
Land selection: Medium to Deep soil having pH 6.5 to 7.5 is good for Linseed cultivation.
Land preparation: After the harvest of Kharif crop, land should be ploughed followed by 2-3 harrowing for fine tilt. Before last harrowing 5 tons FYM should be incorporated in the soil.
Sowing time: Sowing time depends on soil moisture and water for irrigation. The optimum time for rain fed Linseed is last week of October and irrigated linseed first fortnight of November.
Seed treatment: Seed should be treated with Thirum@3 gm/kg of seed or Bavistin 1.5gm/kg of seed to protect the crop from seed borne diseases and to some extent soil borne diseases also.
Improved varieties of Linseed:
NL-97 115-120 44 600-1200
PKV-NL-260 115-118 38 1000-1800
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Sowing: Sowing should be done with Seed Drill spaced at 30 cm. Care should be taken at the sowing time that seed should be placed in moist zone.
Seed rate: 25 kg/ha
Fertilizer: For rain fed Linseed 25 kg N + 25 kg P / ha should be given at the time of sowing where as for irrigated Linseed 60 kg N + 30 kg P /ha should be given. 30 kg N + 30 kg P /ha should be given at the time of sowing and remaining 30 kg N /ha should be given at the time of flowering. 5 kg PSB/ha is also given at the time of sowing.
Irrigation: Two irrigations are essential for optimum yield. First irrigation should be given at flowering stage i.e. 40-45 days and 2nd irrigation should be given at capsule development stage i.e. at 60-65 days.
Intercultural operation: The crop should be kept weed free up to 35 days for achieving optimum yield. First hoeing should be done at 25 days and weeding should be done as per the weed infestation.
Weed control: It is necessary to keep the crop free from weeds for the 35 days after sowing. Isoproturon 75 WP @ 1.0 kg/ha either with or without 2, 4 – D (Sodium salt) @ 0.50 kg/ha as post emergence at 35 days after sowing can control weeds effectively.
Harvesting: The crop should be harvested when the leaves become dry, the capsules turn brown and the seed start shining.
Linseed production
Cultivation of improved varieties of linseed Year Number of farmers Total acres 2009-10 155 220 2010-11 154 249 2011-12 127 200 2012-13 325 325
To ensure availability of seed of improved varieties; seed production was undertaken as follows;
Seed Production Year Variety Quantity (Qt.)
2009-2010 PKV-NL-260 150
2010-2011 PKV-NL-260 600
2011-2012 PKV-NL-260 750
Net returns to Farmers
Improved practice (Rain-fed) Irrigated
1 Productivity (Kg/ha) 235 820 1044 2 Market price in 2013 (Rs./kg.) 48 48 48 3 Gross Income (Rs./ha) 11280 39360 50112 4 Input cost (Rs./ha) 4000 10000 15000 5 Net Income (Rs./ha) 7280 29360 35112
ii. Screening of linseed germplasm The 51 linseed varieties developed by different AICRP centres on linseed in India were screened for Omega 3 content and Secoisolaricirecinol diglucoside (SDG) for their utilization in breeding superior varieties of linseed for omega 3 content up to 65% and highest SDG content (7.9mg/g). So as to use these varietes for value addition in future. The highest content of omega 3 was recorded by EC-541221 (66.13) followed by EC- 541199 (60.49) as compared to PKV NL 260 (57.0). The highest content of SDG was recorded by R 552 (7.90) and KL 224 (7.49).
Baseline Improved Practice Use of old varieties with no input
like fertilizer, irrigation, plant protection etc
Use of improved varieties (NL-97 and PKV-NL-260) and Adoption of recommended package of production and protection
Yield 235 kg /ha 820 kg/ha
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Objective II: Linseed processing for omega 3 products
Linseed has 40% oil and it is the richest vegetarian source of omega-3 fatty acid with 55- 60% of alpha linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3). Alpha linolenic acid is the primary the essential omega-3 fatty acid from which the potent physiologically functional eicosopentonoic acid (EPA; 20:5) and Decosohexonoic acid (22:6), can be derived in human body. Linseed holds the key to omega-3 nutritional security. But the linseed production in the country today is very meager as farmers do not get good assured price for the same. Further, more than 80% of it is used in varnish and paints as the linseed is largely considered inedible.
Since last 15 years, BVU focused its research and development work on the role of omega-3 fatty acid in human health and disease. Through this research, it is established that there is a significant reduction in omega-3 levels in the patients, suffering from various diseases and supplementing these patients with omega-3 fatty acid, along with their prescribed treatment gives faster relief. Therefore need was evident to enrich our food with omega-3 fatty acid. For this, BVU developed linseed bio-village concept, which became the basis for backward linkage with linseed growing farmers and forward linkage with the consumer.
BVU had stabilized the oil and developed technology to fortify food. BVU also developed omega-3 egg feed to produce 10-12 times enriched omega-3 eggs, which are heart healthy. Linseed is very rich source of lignan. SDG (Secoisolaricinol Diglucoside) is a phytoestrogen, with several pharmacological properties including cardio-protective and anti breast cancer properties, already produced by many companies in US and China and sold as OTC (of the counter) product, Therefore it was considered to undertake research under NAIP II to recover lignin, a high value product from the linseed de-oiled cake, a byproduct of Omega-3 oil.
Studies in Omega 3 Enriched Chicken production from linseed cake
Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids. Deficiency of this vital nutrient in modern diet is one of the major factors responsible for unprecedented increase in heart diseases, diabetes, arthritis, cancer and mental illness, world over in recent times. Science of omega-3 fatty acid is very strong and there is a dire need to consume enough omega-3 fatty acid in daily diet to enjoy good health.
There are three major omega-3 fatty acids namely, Alphalinolenic Acid (ALA), Eicosopentanoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexanoic acid (DHA). ALA is the primary 18 carbon fatty acid found in plants. Linseed is a very rich source of ALA. EPA and DHA are the derived omega-3 fatty acid in human body, from ALA, having 20 carbon in EPA and 22 carbon in DHA, and are more unsaturated fatty acids. EPA and DHA are physiologically potent. EPA controls several metabolic functions, by producing several local hormones and DHA mainly gets into nerve membranes.
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Omega-3 eggs and Omega-3 chicken have tremendous potential to provide omega-3 fatty acids including the higher potent forms EPA and DHA. The consortium has introduced Omega-3 eggs with about 250 mg of omega 3 per egg, into Indian market with indigenous technology. Although Omega-3 eggs have been in the world market for over a decade, Omega-3 chicken has still not come in the market anywhere in the world. Obviously producing omega-3 chicken with good amount of omega 3 fatty acid incorporated into edible tissues was not an easy matter as one has to retain its original taste, texture, flavor and juiciness.
Trials conducted for Omega 3 chicken and Enriched feed mix
No. Location Groups/ Birds
1. Bombay Veterinary College
7/ 84 Exploratory trial to get optimum Omega 3 using EFM or Linseed Oil
Using 3% EFM and 4% LO Thigh:478mgO-3/ 100g Breast:162mgO-3/100g
2. Bombay Veterinary College
7 / 84 To fine tune feed formulation using combination of EFM and Linseed Oil for making omega 3 chicken meat acceptable to the consumer
Using 5%EFM+2%LO 886mg O-3/100g for thigh and 188mg O-3/100g for breast High scores for sensory attributes by a team of panelist Production cost increase by only11.5%
3. Shikarapur 3 / 2400 To conduct pilot trial for checking commercial feasibility
Significant weight gain (F.C.R.) in experimental groups High scores for sensory attributes by a team of panelist Pilot trial assures commercial feasibility
Bombay Veterinary College
2 / 120 To check effect of Omega 3 supplementation on the broiler bird health and also to check fatty acid distribution in different tissues
Decreased abdominal fat % High scores for sensory attributes by a team of 12 regular chicken consumers Prophylactic effect of omega3 against brain trauma
BAIF - At farmer’s field, Village Dalimb
2 /1000 Omega 3 chicken production by a farmer
Farmer could get easily adapted to omega 3 chicken production protocol Team of 100 panelist, (regular chicken consumers) rated this chicken “Good” and “Tasty” Omega 3 enrichment in edible parts of chicken confirmed
The omega-3 chicken has been found to be even tastier, juicier and with better texture than the regular chicken. Ms. Surekha Bhalerao, NAIP Project Execution Officer, appointed by BVU, earned PhD degree of Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University on her studies conducted on the omega-3 chicken production. She has accomplished the tricky
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task of enriching the chicken meat with omega-3 fatty acid ensuring commercial viability and consumer acceptability.
From the investigations carried out, it can be concluded that commercial production of omega-3 chicken can be used as an effective tool for bringing back a vital Omega 3 into food chain.
This is a novel way to incorporate it through chicken. It should be noted that although the efforts are being made all over the world omega-3 chicken has not yet reached consumer market. Omega-3 eggs have been in the market for over a decade now and we also have succeeded in putting omega-3 enriched egg with over 250 mg of omega-3 in the egg. However putting omega-3 into chicken and to make it palatable and economical has not been straight forward. This onerous task was accomplished by systematically tackling the problems. Firstly it is sought to use modest amount of linseed, linseed cake and linseed oil in the finisher diet. This has produced omega-3 chicken with good amount of omega-3 (300mg /per serving 200g of chicken)
Poultry has tremendous potential for growth in our country. Adopting omega-3 chicken production as a rural industry, can be a powerful tool for employment generation in rural setting, besides giving high value omega-3 enriched functional food to chicken meat lovers.
Omega-3 Fatty acids in the chicken feed improve the chick health too. It is very heartening to note that omega-3 chicken feed imparts better health to the chicks. It has been observed that not only the mortality in the omega-3 fed group is drastically reduced but also they have better immunity and better cardiac health. Increase in DHA in the brain provides better ability to withstand trauma.
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Commercially viable proposition Omega-3 chicken has better consumer acceptability than the regular chicken. Increase in cost of omega-3 chicken production is mere 11%. Being value added functional food, just as omega-3 egg, omega-3 chicken can be sold at the double the price of regular chicken.
The issue is; Omega-3 fatty acids are very unstable. They would get readily oxidized in the chicken feed and therefore it is imperative that for making the omega-3 chicken production a commercially viable proposition, omega-3 enriched feed (EFM) has to remain stable for at least 3 months under field conditions of a poultry farm. EFM formulation developed by us has been subjected to shelf life studies and its stability for 3 months in field conditions has been ascertained. EFM facilitates better growth and reduces mortality. Since it can fetch a premium price as a value added healthy product; the proposition is commercially viable.
Rural employment generation Broiler farming is especially suitable for rural employment generation. Outsourcing omega-3 chicken production for rural employment can be a very powerful tool for poverty alleviation program in rural setting. Organizing farmers for broiler farming through societies, co- operatives, self help groups, training them for omega-3 chicken production, facilitating backward and forward linkages and effective quality control of the omega-3 chicken can be rewarding both for rural livelihood and also for the health of the people in urban and rural settings. Accomplishments Omega-3 chicken has not yet hit the market anywhere in the world. The attempt was to develop a protocol that gives significant levels of omega-3 in chicken and at the same time provides health benefit to the birds. The protocol has been tested in rural settings and its consumer acceptability ascertained. This is the first time report of commercially viable production of omega-3 chicken in India.
In India, Poultry is one of the fastest growing segments and contributes a major share of protein supplementation from egg and poultry meat. Amongst the animal products, input and output ratio for poultry is most favorable. Poultry products are denser and give more proteins than other competing animal produce such as cow and buffalo milk, beef and sheep meat.
Poultry activity in India is characterized by a very wide range of operations with livelihood and subsistence farming at one end of the spectrum to highly viable and commercial operations at the other. In order to take Livestock revolution to newer heights, there is a requirement to have a fresh look into policies that can make separate provisions at all levels. Poultry, due to its least demanding nature in terms of infrastructure in the back yard set up has been widely accepted by the rural poor. More than 50% of the landless and marginal
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farmers at the bottom end of small holder spectrum eke out their living from poultry and small ruminants. Poultry thus has been one of the core support systems to subsistence farmers. Increase in cost of production for Omega-3 chicken production, as pointed out earlier, is mere 11% over the regular chicken meat production. However outsourcing of omega-3 chicken production for rural empowerment would involve other additional cost of providing infrastructural facility to the farmers, training, quality control, quality assurance and buy back guarantee at good price. Omega-3 chicken being a functional food is sure to become popular among health conscious consumers. Omega-3 eggs are sold at double the price of regular eggs all over the world. So also omega-3 chicken is sure to fetch premium price.
While talking about providing food security, we need simultaneously to worry about nutritional security. Mere supplying wheat and rice may just support underprivileged masses. For the nation to be strong, food with high protein and omega-3 fatty acid such as omega-3 milk, omega-3 chicken and Omega-3 eggs, need to be provided to the masses. Outsourcing of Omega-3 chicken to the rural poor seems to have tremendous potential in accomplishing these objectives. It is estimated that mere increase of 100 g chicken meat consumption would generate 25,000 jobs. Thus millions of jobs can be created in rural setting. Although with regard to chicken meat production, India is among the top 5 countries in the world, per capita availability is only 2.4 Kg, far lower than in the US and Europe- so there is certainly room for expansion. It remains primarily a wet market, yet over the next 5-10 years, the dressed market is expected to account for 25-30% of the total broiler meat market. In advanced countries per capita consumption is more than 10 Kg. Despite a strong vegetarian heritage, consumption of broiler meat in India has grown by 10% per annum over the last decade and a half. The country is now thought to be the world largest producer of broiler meat with annual production standing at some 2.3 million metric tons. Yet demand is outstripping the industry’s ability to supply meaning that there is a need for expansion and greater efficiency, and the prices are rising.
India remains one of the lowest cost broiler producers and over next five to ten years, the country is expected to become exporter of poultry meat. Needless to emphasize that omega-3 chicken and the omega-3 chicken broiler feed would be choicest exportable commodity. We believe that the development of omega-3 Chicken with good amounts of omega-3 fatty acid and yet having high consumer acceptability has been a very significant achievement and a big step forward in attaining the omega-3 nutritional security in the country for realizing our cherished dream of “HEALTHY WEALTHY & WISE INDIA” to become true.
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Objective III Recovery of lignan from linseed cake Linum usitatissimum (Linn.), commonly known as flaxseed or linseed belongs to the family Linaceae. Linseed exists in 4 main forms: whole seed, ground, partially defatted flaxseed meal, or flaxseed oil. Whole flaxseed contains about 35% oil of which 55% is alpha-linolenic acid. Flaxseed is also a good source of dietary fiber and lignans. The major lignan in flaxseed is secoisolaricirecinol diglucoside (SDG) which is known for several pharmacological actions. Smaller quantities of other lignan such as matairesinol, isolariciresinol, lariciresinol, demethoxysecoisolariciresinol and pinoresinol have also been identified in flaxseed.
In view of the available literature, hypothesis was linseed lignan alone or in combination with n-3-FA may play role in prevention of atherosclerosis. It was therefore thought worthwhile to use pharmacological approach to evaluate anti-atherosclerotic and cardio-protective effect of flax lignan concentrate and omega-3-fatty acid alone and their co-administration by oral route in laboratory animals. The literature survey revealed that earlier reports are nonexistent using this approach. Earlier research works wherein flax lignan complex was mixed in diet which may not deliver measured quantity of the active constituents into the animals. Oral gavage which has advantage of precisely administering the right dose, was used. In the present investigation flax lignan concentrate (FLC) from seeds of Linum usitatissimum (L.) alone and in combination with omega-3-fatty acid (n-3-FA) were selected for evaluation of antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
To demonstrate the anti-atherosclerotic action of Linum usitatissimum and to search for the active component responsible for action, firstly the hydroalcoholic extract was prepared (called as flax lignan concentrate-FLC) based on the literature survey.
It is well known that the oxidative stress is a causative factor for cardiac-dysfunction that can be effectively neutralized by anti-oxidant potency of FLC. Therefore the antioxidant activities were judged by DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging, hydrogen peroxide, radical scavenging, superoxide scavenging and metal chelation activity. It was observed that FLC has comparable activities to that of α- tocopherol.
FLC showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging but less superoxide scavenging and metal chelation activity compared to that of α-tocopherol.
The hydroalcoholic extract was subjected for HPTLC analysis for quantitative evaluation of secoisolaricirecinol diglucoside content (a known active constituent based on literature survey). The SDG content in FLC was found to be 40 mg/gm.
Phytochemical analysis of FLC revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds.
Acute oral toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines-423 revealed that FLC and omega- fatty acid were safe up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg of body weight.
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Hyperlipdemic condition adversely affects the cardiac function. The antihyperlipidemic activity of flax lignan concentrate alone and in combination with omega-3-fatty acid after acute administration in triton induced hyperlipidemic rats using serum lipid parameter was investigated.
FLC (500 mg/kg) showed more significant reduction in cholesterol at 24 h than that of FLC (125 and 250 mg/kg) and similar results were obtained in n-3-FA (1 ml/kg). FLC (500 mg/kg) +n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) showed reduction in cholesterol level which was comparable to standard atorvastatin.
In case of triglyceride, FLC (500 mg/kg) alone showed more significant reduction than n- 3-FA (1 ml/kg) alone and FLC (500 mg/kg) +n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) showed more reduction which was comparable to standard atorvastatin. Similar results were noted in case of very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C).
In case of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), FLC (500 mg/kg) and FLC (500 mg/kg) +n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) showed maximum increase as compared to other treatment groups.
In case of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), FLC (500 mg/kg) +n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) showed significant maximum reduction than any of the treated groups.
In conclusion, FLC 250 and 500 mg kg-1 reduced TC, TG, VLDL and raised HDL in triton induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The antihyperlipidemic effect appears to be due to the antioxidant activity of flavonoids and SDG and cardio protective activity of SDG lignan.
Heart rate and hypertension are major risk factors for cardiac dysfunction and atherosclerosis for which FLC and n-3 FA were tested in isoprenaline and doxorubicin induced cardio toxicity.
Cardio-protective activity of FLC (500 mg/kg) alone and in combination with omega-3- fatty acid (1 ml/kg) in isoprenaline induced myocardial necrosis in rats using serum cardiac marker, hemodynamic parameters in intact animal and histopathology of heart tissue was evaluated.
Serum Creatine phospokinase-mb isoenzyme (CK-MB) was significantly reduced in FLC (500 mg/kg), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly reduced in n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) and n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) + FLC (500 mg/kg), and aspartate transaminase (AST) was significantly reduced in n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) + FLC (500 mg/kg) group only as compared to ISO alone group. Administration of FLC+n-3-FA non significantly reduced isoprenaline- induced tachycardia.
In histopathological studies, isoprenaline induced cardio toxicity there was presence of necrosis, congestion and inflammation. The pretreatment with FLC (500 mg/kg), n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) showed partial protection and n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) + FLC (500 mg/kg) showed moderate protection with respect to inflammation, congestion and necrosis.
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Administration of FLC for 10 days reduced isoprenalin-induced tachycardia. Protection from cardio toxic effect of isoprenalin in FLC-pretreated animals was established by haemodynamic, biochemical and histopathological results. The antioxidant effect appears to contribute to the cardio protective effect of flax lignan concentrate in isoprenalin- induced cardio toxicity.
Based upon acute these cardio toxicity results, FLC (500 mg/kg) and n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) alone and in combination were further investigated for doxorubicin (Dox) induced cardio toxicity in rats and their relationship with electrocardiographic and histological findings (seven week subacute study).
FLC +n-3-FA showed slight additive effect on cardiac function damage induced by Dox and showed improved cardiac function significantly than that of FLC alone and n-3-FA alone group.
Pretreatment with FLC alone and n-3-FA alone brought about partial reduction and FLC+n-3-FA showed moderate reduction of doxorubicin induced ECG changes like prolongation of ST interval and QT interval compared to Dox alone group.
Tumor necrotic factor- α (TNF-α) level was significantly increased in Dox alone group. Restoration in TNF-α level in FLC alone and n-3-FA alone and FLC +n-3-FA against Dox-induced cardio toxicity.
Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly elevated while glutathione (GSH) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly reduced in Dox alone group compared to control group, whereas pretreatment of rats with FLC alone, n-3-FA alone and FLC+n-3- FA reduced the oxidative stress by reducing MDA and elevating GSH and SOD levels.
The heart tissue of Dox-treated rat showed higher degree of DNA degradation, which is indicator of oxidative stress and fragmentation of chromosome which leads to apoptosis. FLC+n-3-FA treated heart samples showed comparatively lesser degree of DNA degradation compared to heart of rats treated with Dox alone indicating antiapoptotic action.
The histopathology further confirmed the cardio protective action of FLC+n-3-FA in doxorubicin induced cardio toxicity as severe damage caused by Dox in myocardial damage in terms of myocardial atrophy, nuclear pyknosis, cytoplasmic eosinophilia and inflammation was reduced due to pretreatment of FLC+n-3-FA. These histopathological results were further confirmed in transmission electron microscopy.
Thus antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic actions of FLC and n-3-FA seem to be probable actions in reducing doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity. It is apparent that FLC and n-3-FA have distinct mechanism for cardioprotection and an additive effect was observed in the present study may be due to co-adminisration of FLC+n-3-FA.
The most common clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic disease are ischaemic syndromes related to an imbalance between tissue oxygen demand and supply, as a consequence of reduced blood perfusion. In order to assess the direct cardiovascular
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effects of FLC+n-3-FA, the Langendorff heart preparation was selected, as this preparation readily allows the induction of whole heart or regional ischemia in rodents.
The major determinants of myocardial performance were under control and changes in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were used as index of cardiac contractility and by using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, myocardial infarct size was determined which direct assessment of ischemia, FLC+n-3-FA protected from ischemia reperfusion injury more prominently than that of FLC alone and n-3-FA alone as least part was discolored.
Partial improvement by FLC (500 mg/kg) and n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) alone and in case of FLC (500 mg/kg)+ n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) moderate restoration was observed in these parameters. Also FLC and n-3-FA may play an important role in the reduction of oxidative stress in the heart during ischemia and reperfusion injury.
In histopathological studies, myocyte damage, myofibrillar degeneration, necrosis, edema, inflammation and pyknosis was observed in case of pretreatment with FLC + n-3- FA group, indicating only up to 30 % area of heart was damaged compared to I/R control where more than 70% area of the rat heart showed damage with respect to these parameters.
FLC is a concentrate that has substantial amount of SDG and other useful constituents that has been shown to have cardio-protective activities primarily due to antiatherosclerotic action by several parameters in the investigations described in the research work.
In the literature, SDG, for several of its therapeutic property is attributed to its weak estrogenic activity. We for our investigations prepared a FLC concentrate that contained other ingredients beside SDG. Therefore it was essential to purify FLC to isolate pure SDG and characterize. Further enrichment studies were carried out using solvent-solvent extraction method to increase the content of SDG lignan by using different concentration of alcohols and distilled water at various time and temperature conditions and final enriched product i.e. methanolic fraction of flax lignan concentrate (called MF-FLC) alone in combination with n-3-FA was further investigated for antihyperlipidemic activity in poloxamer 407 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein levels in poloxamer-
407 alone group were significantly increased compared to control group at 15 h. MF- FLC (100 mg/kg) showed more significant reduction than that of n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) and maximum reduction was observed in case of MF-FLC+n-3-FA.
In case of triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein, MF-FLC (100 mg/kg) and MF-FLC+n-3-FA showed significant reduction and n-3-FA (1 ml/kg) showed non- significant reduction.
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In case high density lipoprotein, only MF-FLC+n-3-FA showed significant increase, however n-3-FA alone showed more increase than that of MF-FLC alone although non-significant.
These results suggest MF-FLC play an important role in prevention of risk of atherosclerosis which can be attributed to SDG lignan content of MF-FLC.
Fractionation using solvent–solvent extraction method resulted in increasing the content of SDG lignan approximately 3 times. In the present investigation, MF-FLC alone and in combination with n-3-FA showed significant increase in the serum HDL levels compared to that of P-407 alone and significant decrease in TC and TG. Additionally, MF-FLC have improved natural antioxidant defence mechanisms and thereby decreased oxidative stress. It can be concluded that supplementation of MF- FLC and n-3-FA can be useful for prevention/control of hyperlipidemia. These results suggest MF-FLC play an important role in prevention of risk of atherosclerosis. Right now statin are in the forefront in controlling the hyperlipidemia. They act mainly by blocking the cholesterol synthesis. Recently it has become evident that long-term ingestion of statins does have adverse effects like small increase in risk of diabetes and also statin alone is not sufficient to controlling hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it is quite plausible that MF-FLC along with n-3-FA can be a safer reliable alternative to statin therapy. Methanolic fraction of flax lignan concentrate potential for antihyperlipidemic activity suggesting flax crop have potentials for development of new antihyperlipidemic drug/food supplement.
Based upon these results MF-FLC was further subjected for fractionation by column chromatography and isolation of SDG.
By using column chromatography 18 fractions were collected and labeled them as 1 to 18. Based upon TLC pattern, fractions number 8-11 were pooled together and again subjected for chromatography and 70 fractions ware collected and labeled them as 1 to 70.
Based upon TLC pattern results fraction 28 to 56 pooled together and further isolation was carried out by using preparative HPTLC.
The chemical structure of isolated compounds was elucidated by 1H-NMR, 13C- NMR, DEPT, IR, MS, HMBC, HMQC, NOESY, COSY and specific optical rotation experiment which revealed that sample contained only single compound and characterized as secoisolaricirecinol diglucoside (2,3-bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) methyl]-1,4- butanediyl bis-[R-R*,R*)]-β-Dglucopyranoside).
Finally isolated pure SDG was screened by using poloxamer-407 induced mice model for its antiatherosclerotic action using serum lipid parameters.
SDG (20 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in serum TC, TG, VLDL-C and non- significant increase in HDL-C.
In conclusion, the chemical structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, IR, MS, HMBC, HMQC, NOESY, COSY, and specific optical
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rotation experiment which revealed that the sample contained only single compound and characterized as SDG and it is leavo rotatory. Finally, the isolated pure SDG was screened by using P-407-induced mice model for its antihyperlipidemic action using serum lipid parameters. SDG (20 mg/kg) showed significant reduction in serum TC, TG, VLDL-C, and non significant increase in HDL-C. It is thus concluded that hydroalcoholic extract possessed antihyperlipidemic activity mainly due to SDG. These results with isolated pure SDG and previous results with FLC confirm that SDG is beneficial in preventing hyperlipidemia in laboratory animals.
It has been observed that MF-FLC (with higher levels of SDG) along with other ingredients (probably other antioxidants) in the preparation showed equal or slightly better cardio protection anti-atherosclerotic activity than pure SDG. This offers an advantage for the commercial exploitation of the preparation (MF-FLC), as it would cut down on the cost of obtaining pure SDG.
Several reports have been published, emphasizing that statins alone are not sufficient and the use of combination therapy with omega-3 fatty acids and statin is recommended for cardiovascular prognosis.
Right now statin are in the forefront in controlling the hyperlipidemia/atherosclerosis. They act mainly by blocking the cholesterol synthesis. Recently it has become evident that long term ingestion of stains does have adverse effects like small increase in risk of diabetes. Therefore it is quite plausible that MF-FLC along with n-3 FA can be a safer reliable alternative to statin therapy.
All the above investigations and the conclusions have been derived by rat and mice experiments. It is not proper to draw direct conclusions about the same for MF-FLC effects in human subjects.
Therefore it is necessary that human clinical trials be conducted in mildly hyperlipidimic patients. It can also be a very useful strategy to supplement MF-FLC and n-3 supplementation for secondary prevention of atherosclerosis. Admittedly this requires further investigations to cash on the lead provided in our in vivo investigations of our study. BVU has established an omega-3 oil extraction unit as a part of Indian Council of Agriculture Research under National Agricultural Innovation Project for supporting the linseed farmers in Vidarbha, linseed cake comes a by-product. So we are well placed to undertake the pilot scale processing for MF-FLC preparation and its subsequent human clinical trials. This is expected to further add value to linseed, which is otherwise a neglected crop and bring glory not only to the crop but also more money to the linseed growing farmers.
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7. Innovations The whole concept of value chain on linseed is innovative. It takes care of all components from production to marketing. Among the omega 3 products developed; following are innovative products.
Development of BRAND: Alvel Flaxseed Omega 3 Oil
ALVEL Omega-3 Oil extracted from linseed is superior to what you can find as flax oil in the market as quality control and quality assurance is made certain at all stages:
Only authenticated Linseed variety PKV-NL. 260 developed by Dr Ghorpade under ICAR AICRP (All India Coordinated Research Project). Linseed of this variety is used for the extraction.
Farmers in Vidharbha are provided with these seeds and buy back guarantee for their produce with 5% incentive than the market. As the seed is obtained directly from the participating farmer in the project, authenticity of the raw material is ensured. This ensures the same quality batch after batch.
As the PKV.NL 260 is highly resistant to pests; little or no pesticide is used and the linseed contains no pesticide, at
least less than limit of quantization (LOQ) less than 10microgram per KG. No pesticide could be detected in both organically grown linseed and the other which has received inorganic fertilizer.
Linseed oil is highly unstable and therefore the oil is extracted protecting from light, air, moisture, heat, metal (extraction is carried out in stainless steel expeller) to the extent possible at present.
Extracted oil sealed under nitrogen and stored in cold at 5-60C. Only the first and second exude is collected (Only 75% oil is extracted), no effort is made to collect 100% oil as it leads to incorporation of non oil, bitter components from linseed coming into the oil.
Linseed harvested is used in the same year as old seeds are known to produce oil which is bitter in taste. If the oil is made from the linseed purchased in the open market it would contain seeds from different varieties, seeds from different seasons, seeds with varying amounts of omega-3 fatty acids.
Our Oil is virgin, cold press extracted developed by BVU under ICAR project and (not refined) in FDA approved Real World Nutrition Laboratory (RWNL) under expert supervision.
Oil is filtered and has pleasant nutty flavor. Oil contains very high amount of omega-3 fatty acid (57% ALA).
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ENRICHED FEED MIX (EFM) This is a ready to mix Chick friendly Omega 3 feed formulation to get Designer Omega 3 eggs which are Better Tastier and Healthier
FEATURES: It is a ready to mix, chick friendly Omega 3 feed formulation.
It is in stable Pellet form. Mix 5% of it to 95% of regular chick feed
Easily Bio available to the bird 250 mg Omega 3 per egg attained within two weeks.
EFM does not affect FCR, egg wt, yolk volume, egg laying capacity EFM fed birds are healthier
EFM drastically reduces mortality and hence increases profitability
Omega 3 Eggs This is another innovation to make protein rich eggs healthier with omega 3 fatty acids. When layer chicks’ regular feed are supplemented with Omega 3 enriched feed (EFM), they lay Omega 3 enriched eggs.
Omega 3 is today the most sought after nutrient. The technology provides a process of not only enriching Omega 3 fatty acids 10-12 times in the normal egg but also doubles vitamin E and lowers cholesterol and makes it healthier
Egg is naturally packed nutrient, dense, protein rich cheap food, consumed by majority of our population both poor and rich. The technology provides over 250 mg of omega 3 per egg packaged within the egg shell. Omega 3 in these eggs is more bio-available and more affordable as it comes along with high bio-value protein, vitamins and minerals. Uniqueness of the technology:
Uniqueness of the product that the yolk in these eggs need not be avoided by heart patients as it is enriched with omega 3 and contains lower cholesterol.
Omega 3 is also essential for the chicks, the incorporation of Omega 3 in the chick feed improves their health, reduces, morbidity mortality and thereby increases profitability.
These healthier eggs can increase the eggs consumption by health conscious consumer and boost the poultry industry. Increase in just one egg per capita consumption is estimated to provide 25000 jobs.
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8. Policy Issues emerging out of Subproject
While talking about providing food security, we need to worry about nutritional security. Mere supplying wheat and rice may support underprivileged masses, and may produce crippled population that can become liability to the nation than asset. For nation to be strong, food with high protein and omega-3 fatty acid such as Omega 3 milk Omega 3 chicken and omega 3 eggs need to be provided to the masses.
This sub project has first time attempted to resource vegetarian Omega 3 from linseed and enrich commonly consumed food products. In order to ensure its ultimate goal with a significant social impact there is a need to have a relook into certain policy issues.
Protein malnutrition is a major problem in our country. Added to it Omega 3 deficiency is causing health havoc in general public. Therefore our attempt to enrich naturally rich egg, milk and chicken meat, (Or naturally rich in high value animal protein) enrich with omega 3 achieves the dual objective of tackling protein mal nutrition along with omega 3 under nutrition.
In above context there are certain major policy issues to be addressed
It should be our endeavor to promote omega 3 egg in place of regular egg because the omega 3 egg are enriched with healthy fat and have reduced amounts of unhealthy Saturated fat, Omega 6 fat and cholesterol.
Omega 3 is an important component of human milk. Cow and buffalo milk are deficient in omega 3.
A policy decision is urgently required to enrich all milk and milk products with omega 3 mandatory.
Just as Iodine has been made mandatory for common salt; It may be noted here that US FDA makes it mandatory to incorporate Omega 3 in infant formula
Omega 3 chicken developed in the project has a great potential in rural entrepreneurship and poverty elevation.
Promoting Omega 3 Egg, Milk and Chicken will boost the dairy and poultry industries and can have a direct positive impact on country’s growth and economy.
The implementation of the program developed in the sub-project for Omega-3 nutritional security in full major will boost the linseed agriculture in the country.
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No (Process/Product/Technology Developed
Responsible Consortium
1 Flaxseed Omega 3 Oil Validation/ Commercialization BVU 2 ENRICHED FEED MIX (EFM) Validation/ Commercialization BVU 3 Alvel Omega 3 Egg Validation/ Commercialization BVU and EDC 4 Flax Lignan Concentrate Adoption/ Validation BVU 5 Omega 3 Chicken Adoption/ Validation BVU and BAIF
10. Patents (Filed/Granted)
Filed/Published/ Granted
Responsible Partner
1. "COMPOSITION FOR CHICKEN FEED FOR PRODUCTION OF OMEGA -3 CHICKEN AND METHOD THEREFOR"
M. V. Hegde, S.S. Bhalerao, S. S. Kadam Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Dhankawadi, Pune
Patent Application No. 1971/MUM/ 2012
BVU
No. Linkages developed Date/Period From-To Responsible Partner
1 Bombay Veterinary College March 2009- April 2012 BVU 2 Gajanan Javas Utpadak Sangh June 2009- Till today BAIF, PDKV 3 Yojna Poultry Farm, Pune 2009 onwards For the
production of omega-3 egg BVU
4 National Chemical Laboratory, Pune
2009 onwards For the characterization of flax lignan
BVU
5 Nutrigen Interbational, Pune LOI signed in ICAR conclave – July 2013
BVU 6 Tasty food Pvt Ltd, Satara BVU
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Environmental Social
Positive effects
Negative effects
Positive effects Negative effects
No negative effects on environment
- -
- -
Sr. No.
Authors, Title of the paper, Name of Journal, Year, Vol. & Page No.
NAAS Ratings
Responsible Consortium
1 M.V.Hegde, Sham Patil and Surekha Bhalerao A Philosophy of integration of Ayurveda with modern medicine; A biochemists Perspective, Current Science 95, 271-272, (2008).
6.91 BVU
2 M V Hegde. PB Ghorpade, AA Zanwar and DM Hegde, New Avenues of for value addition in oil seeds in vegetable oils scenario: Approaches to meet the growing demands Published by Indian Society of Oil Seed Research Hyderabad 2009, Pages 292-313.
BVU
3 Anand Zanwar, Urmila Aswar, Mahabaleshwar Hegde, and Subhash Bodhankar. Estrogenic and embryo-fetotoxic effects of ethanol extract of Linum usitatissimum in rats. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Volume 7, Issue 1, Article 21, 1-15, (2010).
BVU
4 Anand Zanwar, Mahabaleshwar Hegde, Subhash Bodhankar. In vitro antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Linum usitassimum. Pharmacologyonline 1: 683-696 (2010).
BVU
5 Surekha Bhalerao, Mahabaleshwar Hegde, Ajit Ranade, Percy Avari, Satish Nikam, Kashmira Kshirsagar and Shivajirao Kadam. Studies in production of Omega-3 chicken meat II. Indian Journal of Poultry Science 45 (3): 273-279 (2010).
5.01 BVU
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6 Sanket M. Suryapujari, R. D. Deotale, Santosh T. Devkar, Priyanka Hiradeve, and Mitali Deogirkar. “Studies on nutrition deficiency symptoms in Ashwagandha (W. somnifera L.)J. Soils and crops, Pages 39-41 (2010).
3.77 BVU
7 Surekha Bhalerao, Mahabaleshwar Hegde and Shivajirao Kadam, Omega-3, Omega-6 fatty acids in human health and disease, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Journal 11, 3- 9, (2011).
BVU
8 Anand Zanwar, Mahabaleshwar Hegde and Subhash Bodhankar. Cardioprotective activity flax lignan concentrate extracted from seeds of Linum usitatissium in isoprenalin induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Interdisciplinary toxicology, Vol. 4(2): 90–97,(2011).
BVU
9 Deepak Kasote, M. V. Hegde and K. K. Deshmukh. Antioxidant activity of phenolic components from n-butanol fraction (PC-BF) of defatted flax meal. American Journal of food technology 6(7):604-612, (2011).
BVU
10 Kasote Deepak Mahadev, Hegde Mahabaleshwar Vishnu, Deshmukh Keshav Kashinath. HPTLC and LC-ESI-MS characterization of ether insoluble phenolic components from n-butanol fraction (EPC-BF) of defatted flaxseed meal. International Journal of Drug Development & Research., 3 (3): 126-130 (2011).
BVU
11 Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde, Arundhati A. Saraph. Unstable genes unstable mind: Beyond the central dogma of molecular biology. Medical Hypotheses 77, 165–170,(2011).
BVU
12 Surekha Bhalerao, Mahabaleshwar Hegde, Ajit Ranade, Percy Avari, Satish Nikam, Kashmira Kshirsagar and Shivajirao Kadam. Studies in production of Omega-3 chicken meat I. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 46(1): 40-45, (2011).
5.01 BVU
13 Deepak Kasote, Yogesh Badhe, Anand Zanwar, Mahabaleshwar Hegde and Keshav Deshmukh. Hepatoprotective Potential of Ether Insoluble Phenolic Components from n-Butanol Fraction of Defatted Flaxseed meal Against CCl4 Intoxication in Rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied science. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 4(3), 231-235, (2012).
BVU
14 Deepak Kasote, Yogesh Badhe, Mahabaleshwar V Hegde, Effect of mechanical press oil extraction processing on quality of linseed oil, Industrial Crops and Products, 42, (2013) 10- 13.
BVU
BVU
16 Aniket Mali, Shubha Chandorkar Mahabaleshwar Hegde, In vitro antimetastatic activity of enterolactone, a mammalian lignan derived from flax lignan, and down regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in MCF-7 and MDA MB 231 cell lines. Indian Journal of Cancer, 49(1) 181-187(2011).
BVU
38
17 Deepak M. Kasote, Anand A. Zanwar, Santosh T. Devkar, Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde, Keshav K. Deshmukh. Immunomodulatory activity of ether insoluble phenolic components of n-butanol fraction (EPC-BF) of flaxseed in rat. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, S623-S626 (2012).
BVU
18 S Bhalerao, M Hegde, S Atkare, D Gondchar, R Jadhav and S Kadam, Rural employment through omega-3 chicken production by resourcing linseed as a source of omega-3 fatty acids, J Bombay Vet Coll. 19, 26-29 (2012).
BVU
19 Santosh T. Devkar, Yogesh S. Badhe, Suresh D. Jagtap and Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde “Quantification of major bioactive withanolides in Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) roots by HPTLC for rapid validation of Ayurvedic products” Journal of Planar Chromatography, pages 290-294, (2012).
BVU
20 Anand A. Zanwar, Mahabaleshwar V. Hegde, Subhash L. Bodhankar. Protective role of concomitant administration of flax lignan concentrate and omega-3-fatty acid on myocardial damage in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2(1): 29–38 ( 2013).
BVU
21 Mahabaleshwar Vishnu Hegde, Vijay Mali, Shubha Sandeep Chandorkar. What is a Cancer Cell? Why does it metastasize? Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 14 (6), 3987-3989.(2013).
BVU
BVU
BVU
24 Yogesh Badhe*, Devayani Kukade, Tejas Gosavi, Manjiri Karandikar, Mahabaleshwar Hegde , Significance of fatty acid analysis in lipid profile, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University research journal, Volume X, number 3, April 2013. PP 5-15.
BVU
25 S Bhalerao, M. Hegde, Y Badhe, S. Kadam “Omega-3 fatty acids in the feed improve broiler chick health”, presented at 2012 Poultry association Annual Meeting 9-12 at University of Georgia in Athens Georgia, USA.
BVU
39
S. No.
Authors, Title of the papers Name of Book/ Seminar/ Proceedings/Journal, Publisher,
Year, Page No.
Responsible Partner
1 Book: M V Hegde. PB Ghorpade, AA Zanwar and DM Hegde, New Avenues of for value addition in oil seeds in vegetable oils scenario: Approaches to meet the growing demands Published by Indian Society of Oil Seed Research Hyderabad 2009, Pages 292-313.
BVU
Thesis 1 Phytochemical studies of Linum usitatissimum. Studies in the
production of Omega-3 Chicken. BVU
2 Investigations of anti-atherosclerotic activity of flax lignan concentrate in combination with omega-3-fatty acid.
BVU
3 Studies in validation of Withania somnifera (L.) dunal (Ashwagandha) by physical, chemical and biological approaches with respect to major bioactive withanolides.
BVU
4 Exploring antimetastatic breast cancer activity of flax lignans. Strategies for enrichment of micronutrients in eggs.
BVU
1. Value Chain on Linseed 100 85 BAIF
2. Javas Jaivic Gram Sankalpana
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJKn5rL lWZY
BVU
15. Trainings/Kisan Mela, etc. organized
Trainings/field days organized by Dr. PDKV Training/field day topic No of participants Venue Year or date
Improved package of practices of Linseed
110 Chikhlapar, Dist. Nagpur 16-02-2010
Improved package of practices of Linseed
120 Chikhlapar, Tah.- Bhiwapur, Dist.-Nagpur
27-01-2011
40
Participant (Name & Address)
Duration (From-To)
Prof. M. V. Hegde, Prof. S. L. Bodhankar, Anand Zanwar BVU, Pune.
Linseed value added products Canada India Agriculture and Food processing Forum
2-4 November,
5-7 January, 2013
Quality Improvement Programm, Dept. of Biotechnology, Poona college of Pharmacy, Pune- Invited talk for plenary session for Pharmacy teachers
6th Feb 2013
6th Feb 2013
6th Feb 2013
Training Period
30/03/2011 to
Mr. Ramesh Rawal, CPI & Executive Vice President, BAIF
Oil and Lignin Extraction Mr. B.K. Kakade,
Vice President, BAIF
18. Performance Indicators S.
No. Indicator Total No.
1. No. of production technologies released and/or adopted 2 2. No. of processing technologies released and/or adopted 2
3. Number of technologies/products commercialized based on NAIP research 2
4. No. of new rural industries/enterprises established/ upgraded -
5. No. of product groups for which quality grades developed and agreed -
6. Total no. of private sector organizations (including NGOs) participating in consortium 2
7. No. of farmers involved in consortia activities 500
8. Total number of farmers’ group developed for marketing and processing -
9. Number of patent/intellectual property protection applications filed based on NAIP research 1
10. Number of patents/intellectual property protections granted/published based on NAIP research -
11. Number of scientists trained overseas in the frontier areas of science -
12. Number of scientists trained overseas in consortium-based subject areas 2
13. No. of scientists participated in conference/seminar etc. abroad 1
14. No. of training organized/ farmers trained Training No.
Farmers No.
16. Incremental employment generated (person days/year/HH) Baseline Final 80 32
17. Increase in income of participating households (` per annum) Baseline Final 8930 31120
18. Number of novel tools/protocols/methodologies developed 19. Publications
Articles in NAAS rated journals 3 Articles in other journals 25 Book(s) 1 Book chapter(s) - Thesis 1 Popular article(s) (English) - Newspaper article(s) - Seminar/Symposium/Conference/Workshop Proceedings 5 Technical bulletin(s) - Manual(s) - CDs/Videos 1 Popular article(s) in other language 1 Folder/Leaflet/Handout 1 Report(s) 1
42
19. Employment Generation (man-days/year)
S. No. Type of Employment Generation Employment Generation up to End of Sub-project
Responsible Partner
48000 PDKV, BAIF
20. Assets Generated
No. Name of the equipments Year of purchase
Quantity (Nos.)
1 1166921.25 BAIF
November 2010
3. Ventilator TOPO-220 for small animals, Computer system with UPS-Meditech Instrument
April 2009 1 359675.00
May 2009 1 1543621.00 BVU
5. cupboard with 04shelves, 4 door book case
March 2010
1 141658.00
December 2010
March 2012
1 499880/-
(iii) Livestock: NA (iv) Revenue Generated
S. No. Source of Revenue Year Total amount (Rs. in lakh)
Responsible Partner
1. Linseed oil 2009-2013 13.42 BVU 2. Linseed cake (Omega 3 Enriched
Feed Mix) 2009-2013 32.72 BVU
3. Sale of seed 2010-2013 4.33 PDKV
21. Awards and Recognitions
Award/ Recognition (with Date)
Institution/ Society Facilitating (Name &
Co-PI, BVU
Lockheed Martin
Co-PI, BVU
Co-PI, BVU
Association
BVU
44
22. Steps Undertaken for Post NAIP Sustainability BVU has been working for more than a decade on the crucial role omega-3 for human health today. We soon realized that deficiency omega-3 fatty acids in modern man’s diet are associated with majority of our health problems. Linseed is very rich in alpha linolenic acid, a primary vegetarian omega-3 essential fatty acid. We had done some basic work on linseed and undertook to support linseed growing farmers in backward districts of Maharashtra for SRLS (NAIP-III) through our post harvest technology. Initially we established linseed omega-3 oil extraction unit through NAIP-III project. We introduced omega-3 oil, soft gel EFM and Omega-3 Egg through EDC into the market. Later in order to further add value to linseed we took up some research activities in NAIP-II. For this we resourced omega-3 from the omega-3 oil established under NAIP-III.
Under NAIP-II with backing of NAIP-III, we developed EFM for omega-3 chicken, Omega-3 chicken and lignan (SDG), a bio-pharma product was isolated purified and characterized from linseed de-oiled cake.
A. Steps taken for commercialization and scaling up
Omega-3 oil, capsules and omega-3 egg have been test marketed through Ensign Diet Care Pvt Ltd
Presentation and participation in many expo events for promotion of Omega 3 products.
Nonexclusive MOUs have been signed by BVU with two parties (one for domestic selling, second for export of linseed oil), selling rights for omega-3 Oil and soft get at recently held (July 18-19) Agri Business Conclave.
Investigative research with respect to lipid profiling of regular consumers of omega 3 products.
23. Possible Future Line of Work
Research: We are now ready to take up research (pilot scale operations) on lignan (SDG) production for which we have sought ICAR DARE (invited) project.
Scaling up: We are planning to set up two tons per day linseed processing plant for which we have sought ICAR DARE project (invited).
Value addition: Research is also under way to validate the therapeutic potential of SDG (cardio protective/antimetastaic) through DST / DBT. We are also contemplating the production of omega-3 fortifier for omega-3 milk production.
Livelihood Improvement: Through creation of sustainability fund and other project now in the offing we will expand our support to linseed growing farmers. Also for Rural Women empowerment through Omega 3 egg and Omega 3 chicken production
AICRP Linseed Value Addition Center: It is further proposed to apply our experience in Maharashtra to the whole country with the establishment of ICAR Linseed Value Addition center at BVU (in offing).
45
From – To (DD/MM/YYYY) Research Management (CL)
1. Girish Sohani July 2009 – March 2014 Scientific (CPI, CCPI, others)
2. Mr. Ramesh Rawal, BAIF June 2009- March 2014 3. Dr. P. B. Ghorpade, PDKV June 2007 – May 2011 4. Dr. J. J. Maheshwari, PDKV June 2011 – August 2012 5. Ms. P. R. Manapure, PDKV September 2012 – March 2014 6. Dr. S. L. Bodhankar, PDKV June 2009 - March 2014
Contractual BAIF
7. Mr. D. Y. Khandale (RA) June 2009 - March 2014 8. Mr. Prashant Dudhade (SRF) June 2009 - March 2014 9. MS. Sayali Mahadik (SRF) June 2009 to May 2010 10. Ms. Mayura Mandalkar (SRF) Nov 2010 to April 2013
BVU 11. Dr. Satish Nikam (RA) Oct 2009-Oct 2010 12. Dr. Shripad P. Atakare (RA) March 2011-March 2014 13. Mr. Vishal Mali (SRF) August 2009-May 2012 14. Mr. Amit D. Kandhare (SRF)
PDKV 15. Mr. G. L. Walde 10.07.2008 to 31.03.2014 16. Mr. Kapgate Vyankateshwar K. 12.03.2008 to 30.04.2008 17. Mr. Raut Prashant Baliram 01.03.2008 to 09.01.2012 18. Mr. Amol V. Shinde 29.10.2012 to 31.07.2013 19. Ms. Archana N. Borkar 07.05.2012 to 31.03.2014
25. Governance, Management, Implementation and Coordination
A. Composition of the various committees (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.) No. Committee Name Chairman
(From-To)
Members
(From-To)
Dr. P. B. Ghorpade (2009-2011)
Dr. J. J. Maheshwari (2011-12)
Ms. Manapure (2012-13)
46
June 2009 till date
Dr. Narayan Lambat June 2009 till date
Ms Vijaya Pokharkar (2009-2012)
3. CMU Part of CIC
B. List of Meetings organized (CIC, CAC, CMU, etc.)
S. No. Details of the meeting Date Place & Address (Where meeting was organized)
1. CIC 22/6/2009 BAIF, Pune 5/11/2009 BAIF, Pune 23/3/2010 BAIF, Pune 18/12/2010 BAIF, Pune 28/11/2013 BAIF, Pune 2. CAC 6/11/2009 BAIF, Pune 23/3/2010 BAIF, Pune 6/11/2009 BAIF, Pune 3. CMU Part of CIC
47
(Period from June 8, 2009 to March 31, 2014)
Sanction Letter No. 10(45)/comp2/2008-NAIP
Total Sub-project Cost `: Rs. 434.71 lakh
Sanctioned/Revised Sub-project cost (if applicable) ` Rs. 434.71 lakh Date of Commencement of Sub-project: to Duration: From 8/6/ 2009 to 31/3/2014 Funds Received in each year (Rs. in lakh)
Year 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Total Fund released 198.301 62.03 30.78 20.07 56.47 367.66 Fund utilised 79.55 51.63 90.42 56.50 52.40 330.51
Balance 37.15
Bank Interest received on fund (if any): - Total amount received ` 3,67,65,714.00
Total expenditure ` 3,30,50,649.18 Expenditure Head-wise: (Rs in lakh)
Sanctioned Heads Funds Allocated (*)
Balance
A. Recurring Contingencies (1) TA 15.51 8.18 14.80 (6.61) (2) Workshops 1.74 1.40 17.52 (16.12) (3) Contractual Services/RA/SRF 80.40 38.34 89.87 (51.53) (4) Operational Exp 195.86 134.00 86.77 47.23 Sub-Total of A (1-4) 293.51 181.93 208.96 (27.03) B. HRD Component (5) Training 6.31 5.68 6.31 (0.64) (6) Consultancy - - - - Sub-Total of B (5-6) 6.31 5.68 6.31 (0.64) C. Non-Recurring (7) Equipment 104.05 161.40 92.05 69.35 (8) Furniture 2.33 2.50 2.33 0.17 (9) Works (new renovation) 5.00 5.00 5.00 0.00 (10) Others (Animals, Books, etc.) 1.92 2.72 1.92 0.80 Sub-Total of C (7-10) 113.30 171.62 101.30 70.33 D. Institutional Charges* 21.60 8.42 13.93 (5.51) Grand Total (A+B+C+D) 434.71 367.66 330.51 37.15
Name & Signature of CPI : Name & Signature of Competent Financial
authority: Date:__________ Date:_________ Date:__________ Signature, name and designation of Consortia
Leader
1
Budget and Utilization: Fund released and Expenditure Head-wise: RS in Lakh
Sanctioned Heads Funds Allocated
Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5
A. Recurring Contingencies (1) TA 15.51 1.92 3.64 1.81 0.82 - 8.18 (2) Workshops 1.74 0.60 0.37 (0.03) 0.46 - 1.40 (3) Contractual Services/RA/SRF 80.40 7.04 20.26 7.47 3.58 - 38.34 (4) Operational Exp. 195.86 25.89 24.34 25.50 13.80 44.47 134.00 Sub-Total of A (1-4) 293.51 35.45 48.60 34.75 18.67 44.47 181.93 B. HRD Component - - - - - - (5) Training 6.31 1.75 9.79 (5.86) - - 5.68 (6) Consultancy - - - - - - Sub-Total of B (5-6) 6.31 1.75 9.79 (5.86) - - 5.68 C. Non-Recurring - - - - - - (7) Equipment 104.05 149.40 - - - 12.00 161.40 (8) Furniture 2.33 2.50 - - - - 2.50 (9) Works (new renovation) 5.00 5.00 - - - - 5.00 (10) Others (Animals, Books, etc.) 1.92 1.25 1.25 0.22

Documents

A Value Chain on Linseed: Processing and Value Addition