A. Two types of plants:

1. Non-vascular,

2. Vascular.

1. Plants without tubes are called nonvascular plants.

2. Mosses are examples of nonvascular plants which lack tubes.

3. Mosses are tiny plants that live in moist places.

B. Non-Vascular Plants:

5. Mosses rely on moisture to reproduce and to transport water and nutrients by diffusion & osmosis.

4. Because mosses lack tubes that is why they are short and like shaded moist areas.

Vascular plants can be divided into two groups:

a) Seedless plants,

b) Seed plants.

C. Vascular Plants:

1. Ferns are examples of seedless plants that have tubes.

2. Ferns are able to grow taller because they have tubes for transporting water and nutrients from roots.

D. Seedless Plants:

3. Ferns still need a moist environment to reproduce, so like mosses, they also like shaded areas.

There are two types of seed plants:

1. Gymnosperms: non-flowering seed plants

2. Angiosperms: flowering seed plants.

E. Seed Plants:

F. Classification of Plants: Plants

Nonvascular Vascular

Seedless Plants Seed Plants

Gymnosperms Angiosperms

(ferns)

(mosses)

(flowers)(pine trees)

(pine trees & flowers)

(ferns, pine trees, & flowers)

(mosses, ferns, pine trees & flowers)Level I

Level II

Level III

Level IV

G. Seed Plant Structure:

1. There are two types of vascular tissue:

a) xylem: carries water.

b) phloem: carries food.

2. Roots serve three purposes:

a) anchor plant to ground.

b) absorb water and minerals from soil.

c) store food (e.g. taproot).

3. Two root types:

a) fibrous root:consists of

numerous roots & root hairs (e.g. pine tree).

b) taproot: has one main root (e.g.

carrot).

4. Stems serve two purposes:

a) support leaves to maximize food making capabilities.

b) transport water, minerals, and food between roots and leaves.

5. Two stem types:

a) herbaceous: green and soft stems.

b) woody: hard stems that generally contain seasonal rings.

6. Leaves serve one primary function:

a) make food for the plant.

- this is accomplished through the process

of photosynthesis.

- sunlight energy is used to combine

water and carbon dioxide to make food (glucose) during photosynthesis.

7.