A tool for space radiation

exposure calculations for aviators

P. Paschalis [1], A. Tezari [1] [2],

M. Gerontidou [1], H. Mavromichalaki [1]

[1] Athens Cosmic Ray Group, Physics Faculty; [2] Athens Medical School

University of Athens

Overview

1. Athens Neutron Monitor Station

2. CR cascades

3. Applications and tools

4. DYASTIMA

5. Conclusions and future plans

Athens Neutron Monitor Station-ANeMoS

http://cosray.phys.uoa.gr/

Founding member of the High Resolution Neutron Monitor Datadase-NMDB consortium (http://www.nmdb.eu)

Expert group of ESA SSA Space Radiation Service Center (http://swe.ssa.esa.int/web/guest/space-radiation)

Changes in the interplanetary field due to

phenomena of galactic and solar cosmic

radiation that affect the Earth's atmosphere.

Need for a timely and valid forecast of

changes in space weather

Numerous impacts on technological and

biological systems.

Space Weather

Max altitude of the cascade evolution ~ 15 – 20 km

Frequent flying altitude for airplanes

Radiation dose calculations at this altitude is critical!

Cascades

Some well-known works and applications

http://www.sievert-system.org

CRII - Cosmic Ray Induced Ionization

http://cosmicrays.oulu.fi/CRII/CRII.html Calculation of ionization in the atmosphere

University of Oulu (I.G. Usoskin, G.A. Kovaltsov, I.A. Mironova)

https://www.ikp.kit.edu/corsika/ Simulation of cosmic ray showers Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

(D. Heck, J. Knapp, J.N. Capdevielle, G. Schatz, T. Thouw)

ATMOCOSMICS-MAGNETOCOSMICS-PLANETOCOSMICS: http://cosray.unibe.ch/~laurent/planetocosmics/

Simulation of cosmic rays in the atmosphere, magnetosphere and at other planets

University of Bern (L. Desorgher, M. Gurtner, and E.O. Flückinger, M.R. Moser, R. Bütikofer)

Cari6

http://jag.cami.jccbi.gov/cariprofile.asp Galactic Radiation Received In Flight

Federal Aviation Administration Office Of Aerospace Medicine Civil Aerospace

Medical Institute

http://www.seibersdorf-laboratories.at assessment of cosmic radiation exposure

at flight altitudes during quiet and extraordinary solar conditions

Seibersdorf Laboratories

Calculation of the radiation dose received during a flight

Institute de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire

http://cosray.phys.uoa.gr/index.php/dyastima

DYASTIMA is based on the well known simulation toolkit

Facts: It has been established in High Energy Physics It provides modeling of interactions for a wide energy range It provides accuracy It provides support and updates It has more than 10000 citations

Usage: Determination of geometry Determination of beam Determination of interactions Access to particles that are moving in the simulation volume

References • Agostinelli S., Allison J., Amako K., Apostolakis J. et al. for the Geant4 collaboration, NIM A, Volume 506, Issue 3, pp. 250-303, 2003 • Allison J., Amako K., Apostolakis J., Araujo H. et al. for the Geant4 collaboration, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol.53, no.1, pp. 270-278, 2006 • Allison J., Amako K., Apostolakis J., Arce P. et al. for the Geant4 collaboration, NIM A, Volume 835, pp. 186-225, 2016 • Geant4, http://geant4.cern.ch

DYASTIMA has been implemented as a part of a PhD (Paschalis et al., 2014). The aim was the implementation of an easy to use simulation of cosmic ray showers within the Earth’ atmosphere

First version: Input via text files Output to csv files Atmosphere with constant composition No resume

Reference P. Paschalis et al., New Astronomy, 33, 26-37, 2014

DYASTIMA has been implemented as a part of a PhD (Paschalis et al., 2014). The aim was the implementation of an easy to use simulation of cosmic ray showers within the Earth’ atmosphere

Reference P. Paschalis et al.,, New Astronomy, 33, 26-37, 2014

Second version: Input via GUI Storing results to DB Output to csv files Atmosphere with varying composition Supports resume

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Geometry

Beam • spectrum of each particle • directional limits of each particle

Interactions • reference physics list • range/energy cuts

Tracking •Altitudes/layers for tracking

Input parameters

• composition and temperature profile of the atmosphere • radius, g, surface pressure, magnetic field • flat/ spherical model

Output parameters

@ tracking layers

@ production time • energy

DYASTIMA-R addition •Dose rate at each tracking altitudes/layers •Equivalent dose rate

• energy • time • direction • position • energy deposition

Structure of the last version Module 1

GUI

•Implementation in VB.NET •Handles the simulation scenarios and processes / prepares the input parameters for the simulation module •Exports the results from the DB

human phantom

(optional) airplane shell

• Implementation in C++

•Performs a simulation using the Geant4 toolkit •A human phantom is exposed at the flux that is calculated at an altitude

Module 4 DOSE CALCULATION

•Stores the results

Module 3 DB

•Implementation in C++ •Handles the simulation using the Geant4 toolkit •Flushes the results to the DB

Module 2 SIMULATION COMPONENT

P. Paschalis, H. Mavromichalaki, L.I. Dorman , C. Plainaki, D. Tsirigkas, New Astron., 33, 26-37, 2014

C.Plainaki, P. Paschalis, D. Grassi, H. Mavromichalaki, M.Andriopoulou, Ann. Geophys., 34, 595–608, 2016

L.I. Dorman , P. Paschalis, C. Plainaki, H. Mavromichalaki, Proc. 34th ICRC2015

P. Paschalis, A. Tezari, M. Gerontidou, H. Mavromichalaki, P. Nikolopoulou, XXV ECRS 2016 Proc.

First Results Using DYASTIMA-R

International Standard Atmosphere CR spectrum: CREME96

International Standard Atmosphere CR spectrum: CREME96

First Results Using DYASTIMA-R

ESA SSA Tender: RFQ/3-13556/12/D/MRP P3-SWE-III

WP 2130: Implementation of new UoA Federated Products Name: DYASTIMA

Contractor: University of Athens Duration: 9 months

Issue Date: July 2017 WP Manager: Prof. Em. H. Mavromichalaki

On going Plans

• Improvements regarding the input format • Improvements regarding the output format • Integration of dosimetry addition • Documentation

1. New version of DYASTIMA

2. Database

• Runs for different particle energies and different atmospheric models • Results regarding the showers and the dose accumulated instantly based on the

given conditions by the user

• Dedicated website for the product

• Information about DYASTIMA • Database • Examples • Publications

3. Web access

References

• Agostinelli S., Allison J., Amako K., Apostolakis J. et al. for the Geant4 collaboration, "Geant4 - a simulation toolkit", NIM A, Volume 506, Issue 3, pp. 250-303, 2003

• Allison J., Amako K., Apostolakis J., Araujo H. et al. for the Geant4 collaboration, "Geant4 developments and applications", IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, vol.53, no.1, pp. 270-278, 2006

• Allison J., Amako K., Apostolakis J., Arce P. et al. for the Geant4 collaboration, "Recent developments in Geant4”, NIM A, Volume 835, pp. 186-225, 2016

• Geant4, http://geant4.cern.ch

• P. Paschalis et al.: ''Geant4 software application for the simulation of cosmic ray showers in the Earth's atmosphere'', New Astronomy, 33, 26-37, 2014

• C.Plainaki, P. Paschalis, D. Grassi, H. Mavromichalaki, M.Andriopoulou, “Solar energetic particle interactions with the Venusian atmosphere”, Ann. Geophys., 34, 595–608, 2016

• L.I. Dorman , P. Paschalis, C. Plainaki, H. Mavromichalaki, “Estimation of the cosmic ray ionization in the Earth's atmosphere during GLE71”, Proc. 34th ICRC2015

• P. Paschalis, A. Tezari, M. Gerontidou, H. Mavromichalaki, P. Nikolopoulou, “Space Radiation exposure calculations during different solar and galactic cosmic ray activities”, XXV ECRS 2016 Proc.

Thank you!

We acknowledge the ESA – SSA Space Radiation Expert Service Center for funding this product (P3-SWE-III / WP 2130).

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