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AD-755 817

A Temperature Study ofPneumatic Tires DuringHighway Operation

Army Tank-Automotive Command

prepared for

Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center

DECEMBER 1972

Distributed By-

NUB1National Technical Information ServiceU. S. DEPARTMENT eF COMMERCE

I I

II

TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 11716

' A TEMPERATURE STUDY OF PNEUMATIC TIRES

I DURING HIGHWAY OPERATION

IA

DECEMBER, 1972 .ii-

NATIONAL TECHNICAL . .INFORMATION SERVICE

"'''''' ''''- Y DyAVID Y- WIL.BURN

REPORT IS UNLIMITED

M -

UC

The findings in this report are not to

be construed as an Official Department

of the Army position, unless so desig-

niated by other authorized documents.

-3 he citation of commercial products

this report does not constitute an

official endorsement or approval of

such products.

LL

Destroy this report when it is no

longer needed. Do not return it to

the originator.

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TECHNICAL R-ZEPORT NO. 11716

A TEMPEIRATURE STUD." OFPNEUMATIC TIRES DURING

HIGHWAY OPERATION

BY

DAVID K. WILBURN

DECEMBER 1972

APPROVED PEMA PROJECT AMCMS 728012.16

PHYSICAL SCIENCE BRANCHCONCEPT & TECHNOLOGY DIVISION

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENG. DIR.U. S. ARM".? TANK-AUTOMOTIVE COMMAND

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT.. . .... ........................... . i

FOREWORD . ................... ii

LIST OF FIGURES . . . .............. iii

LIST OF TABLES.............................. . . . v

PROGRAM HISTORY ............................ .... 1

RECOMMENDATION ............ . . . . ... 1

SUMMARY ..... ... ............................. I

INTRODUCTION .............................. ..... 3

RESULTS........................................ . 4

INSTRUMENTATION AND TEST VEHICLE........ 4

PROCEDURES AND MEASUREMENTS . ............. 14

TEST TIRES, DESCRIPTIONS . ................... 15

RESULTS OF TEMPERATURE TESTS ............... 16

RESUL-S OF DEFECT LOCATION TESTS . ........... 17

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS . ...... ............... 36

REFERENCES .......... ...... ............ 39

APPENDIX A, P-16 EXHIBIT...... . . ............. 40

DISTRIBUTION LIST ... .... ....... ............ 46

1473 FORM

iio

LIIpi i'.1

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FORWORD

This prog:ram is a Production Engineering Measures Pro-

ject (PEMA) funded thru the Army Materials and Mechanics

Research Center, AMXMR-QA. The project was performed

totally in-house within the Concepts and Technology Division

by the Physical Science Branch.

Inquiries may be directed to the Commander, U.S. Army

Tank-Automotive Command, Warren, Michigan or thru

the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center,

Watertown, Massachtusetts.

4

ii i,

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

I TEST VEHICLE 5

2 OUTRIGGER PLATFORM FOR MOUNTINGINFRARED HEADS 6

3 INSTRUMENT AREA IN TEST CAR 7

4 PYRANOMETER PHOTOCELL MOUNTED ONROOF OF TEST VEHICLE 12

5 INFRARED THERMOMETER POSITIONED TO 13VIEW ROAD SURFACE

6 SPEED VERSUS SIDEWALL AND TREADTEMPERATURE TEST TIRE # 1 18

7 INFLATION VERSUS SIDEWALL AND TREADTEMPERATURE FOR CONSTANT SPEED TESTTIRE # 7 19

8 LOAD ON TIRE IN POUNDS VERSUS SIDEWALLAND TREAD TEMPERATURE TEST TIRE # 8 20

9 TREAD AND SIDEWALL VERSUS ROAD TEMPERA-TURE FOR 50 MPH SPEED 21

10 ROAD SURFACE TEMPERATURES VERSUS FREEAIR TEMPERATURE 22

II COMPARISON, 2 PLY AND 4 PLY BIAS BELTED;SPEED VEISUS SIDEWALL/TREAD TEMPERATURE.TEST TIRES # 3 AND 1 23

12 COMPARISON, 2-PLY NEW AND 2-PLY WORN TO

1/16 TREAD DEPTH. TEMPERATURE SIDEWALLAND TREAD VERSUS SPEED. TEST TIRES # 4AND I 24

13 SPEED VERSUS TEMPERATURE OF SIDEWALLFOR VARIOUS ROAD TEMPERATURES TEST TIRE# 8 25

14 SIDEWALL VS. PSI INFLATION PRESSURE FOR

40, 50 AND 70 MPH TEST TIRE # 7 26

iii

LIST OF FIGURES - Continued

FIGURE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

15 'TREAD TEMPERATURE VS. SPEED FOR TIREINFLATION PRESSURES OF 14, 20, 26 AND 30PSI TEST TIRE # 7 27

16 SIDEWALL TEMPERATURES VS. SPEED FOR TIREINFLATION PRESSURES OF 14, 20, 26 AND 30 PSITEST TIRE # 7 28

17 TREAD TEMPERATURE VS. TIRE INFLATION

PRESSURES FOR SPEEDS OF 70, 50, 40 MPHTEST TIRE # 7 29

18 COMPARISON; SIDEWALL TEMPERATURE FROMDRUM TEST VS. HIGHWAY OPERATION 30

19 COMPARISON; LOAD ON TIRE VS. TEMPERA-TURE OF SIDEWALL FOR DRUM TEST AND HIGH-WAY CONDITIONS OF OPERATION 31

20 CIRCUMFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE PROFILEOF TREAD AND LEFT SIDEWALL; TEST TIRENO. 6 WITH BUILT-IN DEFECT 32

21 CRCIUMFERFNTIAIL TEMPERATURE PROFILE OF

TREAD AND LEFT SPWEWALL. TEST TIRE NO. 5WITH BUILT-IN DEFiCT 33

22 CIRCUMFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE PROFILE OFTREAD AREA ILLUSTRATING TIRE UNBALANCE.5 OZ. OUT OF BALANCE AT 1800 TEST TIRE NO. 1 34

23 CIRCUMFERENTIAL TEMPERATURE PROFILE OFTREAD AREA. TEST TIRE NO. 2 ILLUSTRATINGDETECTION OF TREAD/PLY SEPARATION 35

iv

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

I SUMMARY OF INSTRUME NTATION 9

II OPTICAL AN]) ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSOF IR TEMPERATURE SENSING SYSTEMS 10

III DESCRIPTION OF TEST TIRES AND IDENTI-FICATION OF TEST ASSIGNMENT 11

IV TEMPERATURE CHANGES MEASURED IN TESTTIRE NO. 8 FOR LOW INFLATION, OUT-OF-BALANCE, OVERLOAD AND WOBBLE CONDITIONS 37

V SIGNAL VOLTAGES SENSED IN DETECTION OFBUILT-IN DEFECTS FOR TEST TIRES NO. 5 & 6 38

V

S...rI - !' " I I

PROGRAM IIISTORY

Du'iug fiscal year 1970, the Physical Science Branch of TACOM reported on anexperimental infrared tire diagnostic program. I The object of the task was todetermine if latent or developing (real) defects could be sensed in terms of adetail characteristic circumferential temperature profile generated in the tireduring exercise by drum test. The potential of the IR technique aroused interestwithin the automotive and highway safety community and generated severalindividual commercial and government sponsored projects all utilizing infraredas a measurement media in various schemes of employment, 2, 3, 4 As a resultof the continued interest in infrared methods of tire temperature and "hot-spot"(defect) location, a second phase tire test program was authorized and fundedby the Army Materials and Mechanics Research Center to be performed at theTank-Automotive Command. As described in this report.

RECOMMENDATIONS

it is recommended thrit consideration be given relative to implementingappropriate military tire specifications with an infrared test clause as a meansof:

(1) Providing an expanded examination capability for detectionof latent and real manufactured defects in test tires subjectto drum performance evaluations.

(2) Establish limiting maximum operating temperatures for tiresundergoing drum tests at rated loads and maximum speeds.

This recommendation is based on the results of tests described in this report,TACOM Report TR1154, and state-of-the-art capabilities