A-TEMP-009 -1 ISSUE 002 Future Naval Electronic Support ...aardvarkaoc.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Lance-Clayton.pdfC-802 (Noor) Anti-Ship Missile Attack on the HSV-2 Swift by

A DIVISION OF ARMSCOR SOC LTD

Future Naval Electronic Support (ES)

For a Changing Maritime Role

Presented By : Lance Clayton

AOC - Aardvark Roost

A-TEMP-009 -1 ISSUE 002


ES as part of Electronic Warfare

Electronic Warfare

ES (Electronic Support) EP (Electronic Protection)EA (Electronic Attack)


Classical ES Requirements

Electronic Support (Electromagnetic

Support )

Radar-ESMCommunications-ESM

Signals Intelligence(SIGINT)

ELINT & COMINT

To provide tactical warning and situation awareness inorder to take required action

To gather detailed signal information for analysis to populate ESM threat libraries or make strategic decisions


Future Naval ES Requirements

Frigate Patrol Vessel

Constabulary Role

Early Warning and Reconnaissance including Situational Intelligence

and Surveillance

Fighting Role

Tactical Warning and ImmediateSituation Awareness to Take

Required Action


Application of ES for Early Threat Warning

• Early threat warning is crucial for naval vessels operating in the littoral due to attack from land based anti-ship missiles

Attack on the INS Hanit by aC-802 (Noor) Anti-Ship Missile

Attack on the HSV-2 Swift by a C-802 (Noor) Anti-Ship Missile


Application of ES for Early Threat Warning

• The use of Anti-Ship Missiles against Naval vessels fired from Mobile Land Based Launch Vehicles using Commercial Maritime Radars for Target Detection is a Threat to Naval and Commercial Maritime Activities!

Maritime Radar


Application of ES for Reconnaissance

• In a Reconnaissance role the emissions from commercial and military Radio and Radar systems would provide situational intelligence.

• These roles would require varied ES receiver capabilities and operational pictures and procedures to tactical ESM.

Spectral & Polar Display of Emitter Information


Application of ES for Surveillance

• In a Surveillance role the emissions from radios and commercial radars would provide an information layer to populate a Maritime Domain Awareness Picture.


A Changing Electromagnetic Environment

• The emergence of Commercial Solid State Low Power Coherent Pulsed Radars

• The emergence of Commercial Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) Radars.

• Increasing electromagnetic density (Numbers of similar frequency radars closely spaced in bearing)

• Complex Waveforms with varied Pulse Widths (PW), Intra-Pulse characteristics, Pulse Repitition Frequency (PRF), Antenna Beamwidth’s and Antenna Rotational Period (ARP)

• Classification of radars by waveform and no longer only parameters such as PW, PRF and ARP

• Communications equipment in similar bands to radars



• Short Pulsed Non-Coherent radars with peak powers of 20-25KW are being replaced with radars transmitting peak powers of around 200W

• Pulse Compression Technology is common place in in newer radars, the low power pulses with pulse widths of up to 100 uS which would equate to a range resolution of around 15Km are compressed using chirp or other coding technology to equivalent narrow band pulses with range resolutions down a few meteres.

• This presents a challenge to the ES receiver system where sensitivities need to increase by around 20dB and the receivers need to be more capable of handling CW signals.



• Kelvin Hughes Sharpeye– The radar outputs a frame of

transmission pulses in a defined sequence to satisfy the requirements of short, medium and long range detection. The frame comprises a 0.1μs of gated CW (short pulse), and two pulses (medium and long pulse) containing a non-linear frequency modulated chirp with a swept bandwidth of approximately 20 MHz.

– X(I) Band 9220-9480MHz 200W Peak

– S(EF) Band 2900-3100MHz 200W Peak



• Simrad HALO– Pulsed Frequency Swept Emissions

– 40ns Pulse and up to 6 Chirped Pulse

Compression Pulses

– X(I) Band 9.410-9495 25 Watt Peak

– Chirp Bandwidth 2-32MHz



• TERMA Scanter 5000– Pulsed Frequency Swept Emissions

– X(I) Band 9-9200 & 9250- 9500

50-200 Watt Peak

– 6 Sub-Frequencies



• Simrad 4G– X(I) Band 9.3-9.4GHz

– Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave

– Peak Power 165mW

– Sweep Repitition Frequency 200-540Hz

– Sweep Time 1.3 ms

– Sweep Bandwidth 75MHz



• Simrad 4G

1.3 ms

75

MH

z

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fmcw_prinziple.png


Increased Sensitivity Radar ES Receiver

Technology Demonstrator

Wide Band Receiver and Narrow Band

Dual Conversion Superhet Receiver


Increased Sensitivity Radar ES Receiver


Lab Tests on Narrow Band X-Band Superhet Receiver with increased sensitivity

of around -80dBm


Radar ES Receiver


• Receiver Lab Tests – Actual Trials with this receiver against SharpEye

Low Power Pulse Compression Radar have also shown good results


Radar ES Receiver


• ES Technology Demonstrator Receiver System

C(G)BandRX

S(EF)BandRX

PSU Spin DF and Omni AntennasCombined with the SuperhetReceiver can make a fairlylow cost high sensitivityRadar ES Receiver for R&D

Low NoiseAmplifiers

Limiter

Limiter

Limiter

Spin-DFAntenna

OmniAntenna

X(I) Band

C(G) Band

S(EF) Band


Radar ES Receiver


• Narrow Band Receiver IF Sampling FPGA Technology for Technology Demonstrator applications

COTS FPGA Development Board and 150Ms 14 bit acquisition Daughter Board

Custom developed FPGA Board with 100Ms 14 bit ADC on Board


Radar ES Receiver


• Narrow Band FPGA Based IF Sampling of Pulsed Radar Emissions

Radar Waveform Identification by measuring PW on a pulse to pulse basis and determining Intra-Pulse characteristics such as Fixed Frequency or PMOP, LFMOP or NLPMOP


Changes in Radar ES Receiver Processing

Design

De-Interleave by Frequency when Emitters areFixed Frequency (Using Superhet Techniques)

De-Interleave by Amplitude when Emitters areFrequency Agile or Close in Frequency Separation



Design

• The identifying parameters for FMCW radars would be as follows :• Antenna Rotational Period (ARP)

• Sweep Repetition Frequency (Hz)

• Sweep Time (ms)

• Sweep Bandwidth (MHz)

FFT Range Bins



Design

• Analysis of FMCW parameters would require high speed FFT analysis at rates much higher than the radar’s range FFT

High Speed FFT F (t)


Challenges in Radar ES Receiver Design for

Surveillance & Reconnaissance

• Modular Receiver System Design Including Modules for Specific Applications


Communications ES Capability for


Capabilities in Communications Spectrum Monitoring and Detailed Signal Analysis Similar in Nature to SIGINT

Wide-Band ReceiverCapability (R&S PR100)

Advanced DecodingCapability (Wavecom)

GEW Skylark 7050 DF




Other than spectrum monitoring there is a

requirement for detailed signal analysis.

Wide-Band ReceiverDetection

Advanced Analysis and Decoding




System Specific Communications Intelligence (Non-Passive Systems)

Satellite Phone Interception

Cellular Phone Interception/Identification


To Conclude

• The receiver technologies required for Radar Intercept need to be of increased sensitivity to deal with low power radars.

• Communications Intercept technologies and technologies for FMCW radars are very similar now and can actually overlap in function.

• Other than for spectrum monitoring, communications ES needs to focus on identified systems of interest.

• Intercept technologies for low power pulsed radars are quite complex and need to determine group parameters to identify waveforms.

• Radar and communications intercept are required on patrol vessels and radar intercept is of particular importance on patrol vessels operating internationally for early threat warning.

Questions?

Documents

A-TEMP-009 -1 ISSUE 002 Future Naval Electronic Support ...aardvarkaoc.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Lance-Clayton.pdfC-802 (Noor) Anti-Ship Missile Attack on the HSV-2 Swift by