A Technological RevolutionA Technological Revolution

Chapter 6, Section 1Chapter 6, Section 1

What’s going on?• Civil War & Reconstruction are Civil War & Reconstruction are

over.over.• Next era of US history = Next era of US history = now until now until

WWIWWI..– Westward expansion & Indian wars– Industrialization & business expansion– New immigration from Europe & Asia– Governmental corruption & solutions

What’s going on?• Civil War & Reconstruction are Civil War & Reconstruction are

over.over.• Next era of US history = Next era of US history = now until now until

WWIWWI..– Westward expansion & Indian wars– Industrialization & business expansion– New immigration from Europe & Asia– Governmental corruption & solutions

Life in 1865• No indoor electric lightingNo indoor electric lighting• No refrigerationNo refrigeration• Snail mailSnail mail• Beginning of patent revolutionBeginning of patent revolution

– 36k patents from 1790 to 1860– 500k patents from 1860 to 1890– Need for money & opportunity for investors

Energy Revolution• Old ways to get oil ------------->Old ways to get oil ------------->• New way to get oilNew way to get oil

– Edwin Drake &Pennsylvania Rock Oil Company

– Kerosene & gasoline

OIL

OIL

Energy RevolutionEnergy Revolution• 2 steps to bring it inside2 steps to bring it inside

– Light bulb– Central power station

• Edison’s inventivenessEdison’s inventiveness• Making it accessibleMaking it accessible

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Energy Revolution• Making it more accessibleMaking it more accessible

– George Westinghouse– AC vs. DC– Transformers

• GE & Westinghouse ElectricGE & Westinghouse Electric• Changes in the workplaceChanges in the workplace

– Longer hours– Higher productivity– Cheaper products

• Changes at homeChanges at home

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Energy Revolution• Making it more accessibleMaking it more accessible

– George Westinghouse– AC vs. DC– Transformers

• GE & Westinghouse ElectricGE & Westinghouse Electric• Changes in the workplaceChanges in the workplace

– Longer hours– Higher productivity– Cheaper products

• Changes at homeChanges at home

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Communication Breakthrough

TELEGRAPHTELEGRAPH• Sending messages over a wireSending messages over a wire• Early 1700sEarly 1700s• Samuel Morse (his patent & code)Samuel Morse (his patent & code)• Companies form early & merge Companies form early & merge

after CWafter CW– Western Union– 100k miles in 1870– 900k miles in 1900

Communication Breakthru

TELEGRAPHTELEGRAPH• Sending messages over a wireSending messages over a wire• Early 1700sEarly 1700s• Samuel Morse (his patent & code)Samuel Morse (his patent & code)• Companies form early & merge Companies form early & merge

after CWafter CW– Western Union– 100k miles in 1870– 900k miles in 1900

Communication Breakthrough

Communication Breakthrough

TELEGRAPHTELEGRAPH• Sending messages over a wireSending messages over a wire• Early 1700sEarly 1700s• Samuel Morse (his patent & code)Samuel Morse (his patent & code)• Companies form early & merge Companies form early & merge

after CWafter CW– Western Union– 100k miles in 1870– 900k miles in 1900

Communication Breakthrough

TELEPHONETELEPHONE• 1871, Scottish immigrant 1871, Scottish immigrant

working on “talking telegraph”working on “talking telegraph”• 1876, has a patent1876, has a patent• Set up telephone businessSet up telephone business

– Expansion thru central switchboards– 1.5M lines by 1900

Men of Steel• Why steel is greatWhy steel is great

– Lighter, stronger, flexibler than iron

• Why it’s notWhy it’s not– Too expensive

• 1850s, Henry Bessemer’s 1850s, Henry Bessemer’s processprocess– Makes steel cheaper, more quickly– Bigger buildings possible– Brooklyn Bridge

Men of Steel• Why steel is greatWhy steel is great

– Lighter, stronger, more flexible than iron

• Why it’s notWhy it’s not– Too expensive

• 1850s, Henry Bessemer’s 1850s, Henry Bessemer’s processprocess– Makes steel cheaper, more quickly– Bigger buildings possible– Brooklyn Bridge

New BIG Industries• OilOil

– John D. Rockefeller

• SteelSteel– Andrew Carnegie

• RailroadsRailroads– Jay Gould