A Taxonomy for Smart Mobility Services - i.unu.edui.unu.edu/.../event/3236/A-Taxonomy-for-Smart-Mobility-Services.pdf · A Taxonomy for Smart Mobility Services – Focus Group UNU-EGOV,

A TAXONOMY FOR SMART MOBILITY SERVICES Guillermina Cledou Dr. Elsa Estevez Prof. Luis Barbosa Focus Group UNU-‐EGOV 7 June 2016

A Taxonomy for Smart Mobility Services – Focus Group UNU-EGOV, 7 June 2016 - 2

Outline

OUTLINE

•  Background

•  Research Methodology

•  Taxonomy

•  Conclusions


EGOV Strategy for Smart Mobility

BACKGROUND

A TOOL FOR POLICY MAKERS AND GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS

o  Guides the definiWon of EGOV strategies for Smart Mobility

o  Provides a catalog of mobility services, applied technologies and delivery channels

o  Illustrates public value that can be delivered through each type of service

o  IdenWfies main users and beneficiaries

A taxonomy for Smart Mobility Services


Research Methodology

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Ques<ons

o  What types of mobility services are being implemented in smart city iniWaWves?

o  How such services are delivered?

o  What kind of benefits are delivered through such services?

State of Research

o  assess publicaWons on smart mobility

o  20 publicaWons selected

State of Prac<ce

o  assess mobility services delivered in smart city iniWaWves

o  9 smart ciWes selected:

•  Amsterdam, Netherlands •  Barcelona, Spain •  CuriWba, Brazil •  Copenhagen, Denmark •  Dubai, UAE

•  Sea_le, USA •  Songdo, South Korea •  Surrey, Canada •  Vienna, Austria

o  46 smart mobility iniWaWves


Taxonomy

TAXONOMY

Smart Mobility Service

Type of Service

Users Technology Delivery Channels Benefits

Common FuncWonality

Beneficiaries

12

5 11 5

11

13

5


Types of Services

TAXONOMY

Driving Guidance

(regular drivers)

o  Most convenient route for moving between two places (fixed or real Wme) o  Real Wme informaWon of issues that can affect mobility o  Routes can be selected based on different criteria, e.g.:

•  shortest •  fastest

Driving Guidance

(emergency vehicles)

o  Targeted to emergency vehicles – police, ambulance, and fire brigade o  InstrucWons to reach a desWnaWon through the fastest route o  Usually uses real Wme informaWon

Improving Transport Resources

o  Replacing fuel-‐based vehicles by electric vehicles o  Providing WI-‐FI in public buses o  Sensors measuring number of passengers to adjust level of incoming fresh air


Types of Services

TAXONOMY

Improving Transport Infrastructure

o  Enhanced funcWonality for parking places, roads, traffic lights, etc., e.g.: •  devices to automaWcally open barriers in parking places •  devices to detect empty parking places •  dynamic led signs in the asphalt to indicate which kind of transport has priory •  dynamic message signs in roads

Journey Planners

o  InstrucWons for moving inside the city using one or mulWple types of transport, e.g.: •  types of transport available •  travel and arrival Wmes for each part of the journey •  guidance for commuWng between the different types of transport


Types of Services

TAXONOMY

LocaWng Objects

o  Cars o  Public bicycles o  Public transport o  Bus stops, train staWons, subway staWons

Monitoring Traffic

o  Monitor, analyze, and get insights about, traffic, including pedestrians – e.g.: •  monitoring traffic at intersecWons for detecWng congesWons •  monitoring corridors and cars for esWmaWng traveling Wmes •  monitoring intersecWons for detecWng cars’ illegal behavior

o  Provide evidence of incidents to police or other authoriWes through recorded data o  Monitor simulated traffic data to evaluate impact of various events on traffic flow:

•  closure of roads •  adjustments in traffic lights pa_erns •  weather


Types of Services

TAXONOMY

Monitoring Transport

o  Insights about events on board of the vehicles o  Performance based on current traveling Wmes an expected Wmes o  Number of passengers

o  Time spent at bus stops o  Increasing demand

Parking

o  Searching for unoccupied parking facility o  Pre-‐booking a parking place o  NegoWaWng parking fee

o  Managing parking faciliWes o  Announcing offered parking places

o  FacilitaWng interacWons with interested users requiring the place


Types of Services

TAXONOMY

Payment

o  Seamless payment of transport-‐related services: o  Wckets for single or mulW-‐modal journeys o  parking places

o  energy for an electric vehicles o  road tolls

o  use of public bicycles.

ReporWng Mobility

o  InformaWon about events that affect mobility: o  planned events (construcWons, concerts, closure of roads, etc.) o  congesWons

o  current traveling Wmes


Types of Services

TAXONOMY

Sharing transport

o  Sharing vehicles and journeys (personal or taxis): •  announcing vehicles or taxi journeys •  booking and paying for shared journeys •  finding shared journeys based on different criteria •  assessing the experience

Traffic Light OpWmizaWon (regular vehicles)

o  AdjusWng traffic lights based on different factors to a_end changing demands: •  Current traffic flow •  Historical and simulated data

Traffic Light OpWmizaWon (special vehicles)

o  AdjusWng traffic lights to prioriWze the moving of special vehicles: •  emergency vehicles (ambulances, police, fire brigade) •  public buses


Analyzing Types of Services

TAXONOMY – FIRST QUESTION TO EXPLORE Type

of services

Driving Guidance

1.  Is there any category that you believe should be removed or merged with other?

2.  Is there any category that should be added?

3.  Is there any category name you would like to change?

Improving transport resources

Improving transport Infrastructure

Journey planners

LocaWng objects

Monitoring traffic

Monitoring transport

Parking

Payment

ReporWng mobility

Sharing transport

Traffic light opWmizaWon


Users

TAXONOMY

Transport Authority

o  Agencies licensing public and commercial vehicles o  Agencies for designing, building and maintaining transport resources and

infrastructures o  Agencies for regulaWng and monitoring land transport in a given territory.

Driver o  Motor-‐Vehicle Driver o  Bicycle Driver

Passenger o  Public transport passenger o  Taxi passenger o  Non-‐public transport passenger

Resource Owner o  Owners of vehicles, public or private parking place, etc. willing to share or rent it

Pedestrian o  A person who walks through the city and interacts with traffic lights, journey planners, etc.


Analyzing Users

Transport Authority




Driver

Passenger

Resource Owner

Pedestrian

TAXONOMY – SECOND QUESTION TO EXPLORE


Technology

TAXONOMY

11 idenWfied applied technologies classified into ICT tools and computaWonal techniques

Technology

ICTs ComputaWonal Tools


Technology

TAXONOMY ICT To

ols

Internet Access Journey planners, traffic condiWons

3G Mobile Internet Parking services, driving guidance

Wi-‐Fi Access Points Geo-‐locate mobile devices

Near Field CommunicaWon (NFC) Pay transport services

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Detect congesWons or incidents

Global PosiWoning System (GPS) Locate near-‐by parking and public transport

Radio Frequency IdenWficaWon (RFID) Detect congesWons, green light for buses

Smart Sensors Detect free parking

InducWve Loop Traffic Detector CounWng vehicles


Technology

TAXONOMY Co

mpu

taWo

nal Techniqu

es

SimulaWon Algorithms Traffic simulaWon models for traffic light opWmizaWon

Video RecogniWon Techniques Algorithms for idenWfying license plates, esWmaWng travel Wmes


Analyzing Technology ICT To

ols

Internet Access 3G Mobile Internet




Wi-‐Fi Access Points

Near Field CommunicaWon (NFC)

Closed Circuit Television (CCTV)

Global PosiWoning System (GPS)

Radio Frequency IdenWficaWon (RFID)

Smart Sensors InducWve Loop Traffic Detector

Compu

taWo

nal

Techniqu

es

SimulaWon Algorithms

Video RecogniWon Techniques

TAXONOMY – THIRD QUESTION TO EXPLORE


Delivery Channels

TAXONOMY

Dynamic Message Sign Current traffic informaWon, parking nearby

Mobile Devices Driving guidance, journey planners, parking services

Smart Card Payment of public transport and parking

Short Message Service (SMS) InformaWon about public bicycles, payment of transport Wckets

Website Journey planners, parking services, traffic informaWon


Analyzing Delivery Channels

Dynamic Message Sign




Mobile Device

Smart Card

Short Message Service (SMS)

Website

TAXONOMY – FOURTH QUESTION TO EXPLORE


Benefits

TAXONOMY

Smart City Dimensions

Smart Economy

Smart Governance

Smart Mobility

Smart Environment

Smart Living

Smart People

13 idenWfied benefits classified across 6 smart city dimensions


Benefits

TAXONOMY Sm

art E

cono

my

GeneraWng new sources of income Car and parking sharing

GeneraWng personal savings Parking guidance (fuel), seamless payment (transport)

Smart G

overnance

Resolving conflicts IdenWfy traffic incidents for faster response

DetecWng illegal behavior Vehicles passing red light


Benefits

TAXONOMY Sm

art M

obility

FacilitaWng journeys MulWmodal journey planners, real Wme informaWon of public transport

Reducing commuWng Wme Driving and parking guidance, faster green lights for public transport

ContribuWng to reducing traffic congesWons

Traffic light opWmizaWon, driving guidance (alternaWve routes)

FacilitaWng seamless payment of services Seamless payment for transport and parking places


Benefits

TAXONOMY Sm

art E

nviro

nmen

t

Reducing CO2 emissions Parking and driving guidance, carpooling

ContribuWng to becoming a paperless society Transport payment through mobile applicaWons and text messages

Encouraging use of environmentally-‐friendly means of transport Faster green lights for buses, journey planners

Smart Living

Improving Safety Real Wme informaWon about traffic condiWons, monitoring traffic and transport


Benefits

TAXONOMY Sm

art P

eople Developing e-‐skills Driving and parking guidance, journey planners

Developing social values Car sharing, carpooling (sharing and trust)


Analyzing Benefits Smart Economy

o  GeneraWng new sources of income o  GeneraWng personal savings




Smart Governance

o  Resolving conflicts o  DetecWng illegal behavior

Smart Mobility

o  FacilitaWng journeys o  Reducing commuWng Wme o  ContribuWng to reducing traffic congesWons o  FacilitaWng seamless payment of services

Smart Environment

o  Reducing CO2 emissions o  ContribuWng to becoming a paperless

society o  Encouraging use of environmentally-‐friendly

means of transport

Smart Living o  Improving safety

Smart People o  Developing e-‐skills o  Developing social values

TAXONOMY – FIFTH QUESTION TO EXPLORE


Beneficiaries

TAXONOMY

Transport

Authority

Driv

ers

Passen

gers

Resource

Owne

rs

Society

GeneraWng new sources of income X X

GeneraWng personal savings X X X

Resolving conflicts X X

DetecWng illegal behavior X

FacilitaWng journeys X

Reducing commuWng Wme X X

ContribuWng to reducing traffic congesWons X X

FacilitaWng seamless payment of services X X

Reducing CO2 emissions X

ContribuWng to becoming a paperless society X

Encouraging use of environmentally-‐friendly means of transport X

Improving safety X X X

Developing e-‐skills X X X X X

Developing social values X X


Transport

Authority

Driv

ers

Passen

gers

Resource

Owne

rs

Society

GeneraWng new sources of income X X 1.  Are the benefits idenWfied for each beneficiary correct?

2.  Is there any

beneficiary missing for a given benefit?

3.  Is there any beneficiary you would like to change?

GeneraWng personal savings X X X

Resolving conflicts X X

DetecWng illegal behavior X

FacilitaWng journeys X

Reducing commuWng Wme X X

ContribuWng to reducing traffic congesWons X X

FacilitaWng seamless payment of services X X

Reducing CO2 emissions X

ContribuWng to becoming a paperless society X

Encouraging use of environmentally-‐friendly means of transport X

Improving safety X X X

Developing e-‐skills X X X X X

Developing social values X X

Analyzing Beneficiaries

TAXONOMY – SIXTH QUESTION TO EXPLORE


Common FuncWonality

TAXONOMY

RequesWng near resources Buses, taxis, parking, carpooling, car sharing

RequesWng available near resources Parking, public bicycles, car sharing

RequesWng guidance to move to a locaWon Driving, using public transportaWon (fixed or real Wme)

CalculaWng arrival Wme Driving, taxis, public transport

CalculaWng cost of a service or resource MulWmodal journeys, taxi, parking

Sharing a resource Car, parking, taxi, car ride

Booking a resource Car, parking, transport Wckets

Paying a service Car, parking, transport, public bicycles,

RequesWng locking/unlocking access to a resource Cars for car-‐sharing, parking

RequesWng records of mobility services used Monthly expenses for public transport, parking

LocaWng a resource Parking places, public bicycles, bus stops


Analyzing Common FuncWonality

RequesWng near resources




RequesWng available near resources

RequesWng guidance to move to a locaWon

CalculaWng arrival Wme

CalculaWng cost of a service or resource

Sharing a resource

Booking a resource

Paying a service

RequesWng locking/unlocking access to a resource

RequesWng records of mobility services used

LocaWng a resource

TAXONOMY – SEVENTH QUESTION TO EXPLORE


Conclusions

TAXONOMY

TAXONOMY o  Policy Makers o  Government Officials

o  Types of services A tool for strategy processes for improving mobility

o  Users

o  Technology

o  Delivery Channelss

o  Benefits Concrete public value to jusWfy business cases o  Beneficiaries

o  SoIware Engineers and Developers

o  Common FuncWonality A tool for building smart mobility services


Conclusions

TAXONOMY

Extensions to the taxonomy

o  QuanWtaWve benefits

o  Government acWons and policies to promote the use of the services

o  Government plans to train people to learn to use the services

o  Government efforts to disseminate the availability of the services

THANK YOU

Guillermina Cledou HASLab INESC TEC

Universidade do Minho

Documents

A Taxonomy for Smart Mobility Services - i.unu.edui.unu.edu/.../event/3236/A-Taxonomy-for-Smart-Mobility-Services.pdf · A Taxonomy for Smart Mobility Services – Focus Group UNU-EGOV,