A taxonomic study on Sfl/tz-inhabitinggall midges in Japan

Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist., 4: 23-56. December 31, 1982

A taxonomic study on Sfl/tz-inhabiting gallmidges in Japan (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)

Willem C. Nijveldt

Instituut voor Plantenziektenkundig Onderzoek, Wageningen, Nederland

and

Junichi Yukawa*

Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture,Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890, Japan

(Received on 29. July, 1982)

Abstract Nine nominal species of .Sia/ix-inhabiting gall midges are recognizedto be distributed in Japan. Among them, three species, Iteomyia capreae, Rabdophagarosaeformis and R. clavifex are recorded, for the first time, from Japan. A Japaneseendemic species, R.yanagi is newly combined with the genus Lygocecis, and a neotypeof the species is designated. Two Japanese species, R. salicivora and Helicomyia chidai,and a European species, /. major, are synonymized with R. rigidae, L. yanagi and /.capreae, respectively. These species, except R. salici/oliae which has been insufficientlyknown, are redescribed together with notes on their host plants, galls, parasitoids,distribution and collecting data. Results of measurements and of setal counts are

summarized in tables, and keys to species are also presented for galls, adults,mature larvae and pupae.

Introduction

Since the European .Sa/tx-inhabiting gall midges had first been introducedinto the Japanese textbook of entomology (Matsumura, 1899; Sasaki, 1902;Niijima, 1913), some of these species have been noted to be also distributedin Japan (Monzen, 1929; Fujimatsu, 1935; Nawa, 1936). A North Americanspecies, Rabdophaga rigidae (Osten Sacken), was extensively studied in Koreaunder the name Rhabdophaga salicis Schrank (Muramatsu, 1916) and wasmentioned to occur in Japan (Masaki, 1932a, b, c). In addition to these known.Sa/ix-inhabiting gall midges, four new species were described from Japan inShinji (1938a, b) and later one species in Monzen (1955). Two of Shinji'sspecies were redescribed in Yukawa (1971), and the Japanese .Sa/ix-inhabitinggall midges were listed together with brief notes on their host plants, galls, dis-

* Supported in part by fund for research students abroad No. 48 (K6)-186 from the JapaneseMinistry of Education, Science and Culture,

24 Willem C. Nijveldt and Junichi Yukawa

tribution and literature citations (Yukawa, 1971, 1976). Thereafter, one of theJapanese species was synonymized with a European species in Nijveldt (1977),and five new platygastrids, which are parasitic on the willow gall midges, weredescribed from Japan (Yamagishi, 1980).

At least 30 nominal species have been recognized to be associated with Salixin the world (Barnes, 1951). Most of them belong to the genus Rabdophaga,being similar to one another in adult morphology, and species identificationshave frequently been based on larval characters, host data or on differences inshape and position of midge galls. There are, however, some difficulties inidentifying host species since a large number of Salix species and their hybridsare widely distributed in the world. In addition, the shape and position of thegalls vary with host species, time of attack and localities. Due chiefly to theabove-mentioned reasons, there are still considerable confusions in nomenclature

between Japanese and European or North American species.This paper is intended to revise the taxonomic status of the Japanese Salix-

inhabiting gall midges by comparing their mature and immature stages with thoseof other Palaearctic or Nearctic species.

Materials and Methods

The galls produced on Salixspecies were collected from various parts ofJapanin occasional field investigations from 1962 to 1981. Some of them weredissected to obtain specimens of immature stages. The rest was retained inthe laboratory to rear the adults. The collected specimens were preserved in70 to 75% alcohol, and then some of them were mounted on slides by the Xylene-Balsam method to observe further details. Setal counts and measurements of

palpi, wings, flagellar segments and legs were based on the slide-mounted specimens. All the specimens were examined by high-power microscopy and illustrations were based on camera lucida drawings. Wing length was measured from thebasal end of costa to apex. Setal counts are of setal insertions rather than of actualsetae, since many setae are lost during collection, preservation and preparation.

Unfortunately, the type specimens of Shinji's and Monzen's species havebeen lost. Therefore, the specimens reared from the galls similar to those described by them were examined.

The slide-mounted specimens examined here are listed in Table 1. Some ofthem, including a neotype of Lygocecisyanagi (Shinji), are kept in the collection ofthe Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History in Kitakyushu, Japan, and someidentified specimens are in the collection of the Instituut voor Plantenziekten-kundig Onderzoek in Wageningen, Nederland. The rest of identified specimensis kept in the collection of the Entomological Laboratory of the KagoshimaUniversity in Kagoshima, Japan.

<? ? L P

— — 6 —

4 2—3

3 2 —

5 9 —

1 1 —

— — 1

- — 4

12 13

1 9

1 1

— 3

— 6

— 1

Table 1. List of slide-mounted specimens examined.

Locality

Moiwa-yama,Sapporo-shi, HK.

Hokkaido Univ.,Sapporo-shi, HK

Takeda-jinja,Kofu-shi, HN.

Takanashi,Ojiya-shi, HN.

Oponai,Akita-ken, HN.

Ishidoriya,Iwate-ken, HN.

Chiya, Ojiya-shi,Niigata-ken, HN.

Yamamoto,Ojiya-shi, HN.

Hoshiya,Wakayama-ken, HN.

Shizukuishi-gawa,Morioka-shi, HN.

Omono-gawa,Omagari-shi, HN.


Oponai, Tazawa-ko,Akita-ken, HN.

Coll. dateof galls Leg. Date of emergence

Jteomyia capreae (Winnertz)

24. X. 1974 T. Sunose —

1. XI. 1974 T. Sunose 15-20. V. 1975

Rabdophaga rosaria (H. Loew)

1962 T. Saigusa —. —. 1962

18. IV. 1975 £;!™„; 28. IV.-4. V. 197524. IV. 1975 K. Yamagishi 28. IV. -21. V. 1975

25. IV. 1975 K. Yamagishi —

28. VIII. 1975 K. Yamagishi —

18. XII. 1977 K. Senuma —

Rabdophaga rosaeformis Kovalev

16. IV. 1975 K. Yamagishi 28. IV. -4. V. 1975

23. IV. 1975 K. Yamagishi 28. IV.-19. V. 1975

Rabdophaga clavifex (Kieffer)



24. IV. 1975 K. Yamagishi —

Host plant,Salix

Cecid. No.

nonemi var.

angustifoliaC2710-15

holtenii var.C2701-09angustifolia

sp. A2101-07

5'integra A2108-27srP

iniegra A2128-31c.s

en

integra A2132 0Q

integra A2133a

8integra A2134-37

5'

p

p3

subfragilis D4501-31

subfragilis D4532-49

jessoensis D7101-03

jessoensis D7104-06

jessoensis D7107-08to

— 3

— 1

— 4

— 4

2 —

4 2

4 —

— 1

2 —

2 —

2 —

2 4

4 —

1 1

— 2

— 1

Table 1. List of slide-mounted specimens examined, (continued).

Locality

Matsukawa, Koma,Iwate-ken, HN.

Yamamoto, Ojiya,Niigata-ken, HN.

Yamamoto, Ojiya,Niigata-ken, HN.

Motonakago, Ojiya,Niigata-ken, HN.

Uetsukinaka, Shod,Okayama-kcn, HN.

Aso, Takadake,Kumamoto-kcn, KY.

Hiko-san,Fukuoka-ken, KY.

Sefuri-yama,Fukuoka-ken, KY.

Hiko-san,Fukuoka-ken, KY.

Sefuri-yama,Fukuoka-ken, KY.

Takakuma-yama,Kagoshima-kcn, KY.

Kitayama, Ojiya,Niigata-ken, HN.

Gojo-shi,Nara-ken, HN.

Takanashi, Ojiya,Niigata-ken, HN.

Hakodate-yama,Hakodate-shi, HK.

Coll. dateof galls Leg.

25. IV. 1975 K. Yamagishi


28. VIII. 1975 K. Yamagishi


14. X. 1978 H. Ikenaga

Rabdophaga salicis (Schrank)

25. III. 1963 Y. Miyatake

18. V. 1963 J. Yukawa

15. XI. 1965 M. Shiga

19. III. 1966 M. Shiga

30. X. 1966 A. Nakanishi

6. XI. 1969

6. X. 1974

14. IV. 1975

18. IV. 1975

Y. Tashima

K. Yamagishi

K. Yamagishi

K. Yamagishi

12. VI. 1975 T. Sunose

Date of emergence Host plant,Salix

Cecid. No.

28. IV.-3. V. 1975 jessoensis D7109-18

28. IV.-3. V. 1975 jessoensis D7119-25

—jessoensis D7126-27

—jessoensis D7128-33

— sp. D7134-37

21.IV.-17. V. 1963 sp. A219-23

23. V.-l.VI. 1963 sp. A201-03

—sp. A215-16

19-28. IV. 1966 sp. A204-13

—sp. A217-18

12. XII. 1969-14. II. 1970

sieboldiana A224-32

—jessoensis A233-36

—sp. A237-38

—sachalinensis A239-40

18. VI. 1975 sp. A241-42

o

— 2

1 —

4 4—1

— — 3 —

12—2

— — 6 —

— — 2 —

5 4—6

— — 2 —

2 5

— 4 —

10 10

Shikotsu-ko,Chitose-shi, HK.

Asari,Otaru-shi, HK.

Ohori,Fukuoka-shi, KY.

Uetsukinaka, ShooOkayama-ken, HN.

Sasayama,Hyogo-ken, HN.



Tsuchikawa, Ojiya,Niigata-ken, HN.

Inoseto. Beppu,Oita-ken, KY.

Tsuchikawa, Ojiya,Niigata-ken, HN.


Nakano-shi,Nagano-ken, HN.

Nakano-shi,Nagano-ken, HN.

Sasayama,Hyogo-ken, HN.

15. V. 1976 T. Sunose 20. V. 1976

22. V. 1977 T. Sunose 2. VI. 1977

11.1.1978 Y. Yamagishi —

14. X. 1978 J. Yukawa —

Rabdophaga rigidae (Osten Sacken)

22. IV. 1965 A. Nakanishi 26. IV.-8. V. 1965

30. XII. 1972 K. Yamagishi —

3. I. 1974 K. Yamagishi 21. II. 1974

4. X. 1974 K. Yamagishi —

22. III. 1975 K. Setoya —



Helicomyia saliciperda (Dufour)

—. IV. 1969 S. Takanuma 29: IV. 1969

—. XII. 1969 S. Takanuma —

Lygocecisyanagi (Shinji)

7. II. 1970 Y. Tanaka 9-30. III. 1970

sp. A243-46

sp. A247-48

babylonica A249-50

sieboldiana A251-54

sp.

jessoensis

jessoensis

jessoensis

sp.

jessoensis

jessoensis

koriyanagi

koriyanagi

sp.

A3001-09 ftSt"

A3010-12

A3013-17

5-3*Pcr

5"era

A3018-230Q

EL

A3024-25i"a.

m

8A3026-40 •«• 5'

p

A3041-42 p

B5601-15

B5616-19

B7001-28

<? S L P

2 18 2

— — 2 —

_ _ 2 —

— — 2 —

2 1 — —

12—2

1 — — 2

12—2

— — 2 —

— 3—6

Table 1. List of slide-mounted specimens examined, (continued).

Locality

Sakai-shi,Osaka-fu, HN.

Ueda, Showa-ku,Nagoya-shi, HN.

Nakazuma, Ageo-shi,Saitama-ken, HN.

Ueno, Tokyo, HN.


Tsuya-honmachi,Fukuoka-shi, KY.

Ohori,Fukuoka-shi, KY.

Kamayama,Wakayama-shi, HN.

Omono-gawa, Omagari,Akita-ken, HN.

Oponai, Tazawa-ko,Akita-ken, HN.

Matsukawa, Koma,Iwate-ken, HN.

Inoseto, Beppu,Oita-ken, KY.

Kairakuen,Mito-shi, HN.

Coll. dateof galls Leg. Date of emergence

—. II. 1971 T. Yasuda —. III. 1971

3. XII. 1972 K. Yamagishi —

20. X. 1973 T. Sunose —

30. XII. 1973 T. Sunose —

3. I. 1974 K. Yamagishi —

17. III. 1974 K. Yamagishi 1. V. 1974

11. V. 1974 K. Yamagishi —. V. 1974

15. IV. 1975 K. Yamagishi 23-27. IV. 1975

22. IV. 1975 K. Yamagishi 9. V. 1975

24. IV. 1975 K. Yamagishi 11. V. 1975

25. IV. 1975 K. Yamagishi 9-12. V. 1975


23. XII. 1975 T. Sunose 5-19. IV. 1975

Host plant,Salix

Cecid. No.

babylonica B7031-43

sp. B7045-46

sp. B7047-48

sp. B7049-50 £

jessoensis B7051-52 ST3

Osp. B7053-55

2

<

babylonica B7056-58 wr0H

eriocarpa B7061-65 p3O.

jessoensis? B7066 C3

FT3*

jessoensis B7067-69•<C*

jessoensts B7070-74 >

>

nr. koreensis B7077-78

sp. B7081-89

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A taxonomic study on Sfl/tz-inhabitinggall midges in Japan