Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Working Paper
A survey of childcare and work decisions among families with childrenby Ingun Borg and Andrew Stocks
Department for Work and Pensions
Working paper No 114
A survey of childcare and work decisions among families with childrenIngun Borg and Andrew Stocks
A report of research carried out by GfK NOP Social Research on behalf of the Department for Work and Pensions
© Crown copyright 2013.
You may re-use this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected].
This document/publication is also available on our website at: http://research.dwp.gov.uk/asd/asd5/rrs-index.asp
Any enquiries regarding this document/publication should be sent to us at: Central Analysis Division, Department for Work and Pensions, Upper Ground Floor, Steel City House, West Street, Sheffield, S1 2GQ
Specific enquiries on civil society and volunteering policy should be directed to the Cabinet Office at: [email protected] or by post to: Service Desk, Cabinet Office, Roseberry Court, St Andrews Business Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR7 0HS
First published 2013.
ISBN 978 1 909532 13 7
Views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of the Department for Work and Pensions or any other Government Department.
iiiContents
ContentsAcknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. iv
The Authors ................................................................................................................................................. v
List of abbreviations.................................................................................................................................. vi
1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................1
2 Research objectives ............................................................................................................................2
3 Research design ...................................................................................................................................3
3.1 Timing of survey .......................................................................................................................3
3.2 Sample composition ...............................................................................................................3
3.3 Respondent characteristics ..................................................................................................3
3.4 Comparability with other survey results .............................................................................4
4 Key findings ..........................................................................................................................................5
4.1 Use of childcare to work .........................................................................................................5
4.2 Reasons for childcare arrangements ..................................................................................5
4.3 Cost of childcare ......................................................................................................................5
4.4 Working more – solution to parent’s childcare cost? .......................................................5
4.5 Willingness to use childcare to increase hours worked .................................................6
4.6 How should Government provide childcare support for families with children? .......6
5 Response tables ...................................................................................................................................7
6 Questionnaire .................................................................................................................................... 32
iv Acknowledgements
AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank Darren Yaxley and Nick Moon at GfK NOP Social Research for their effective and responsive fieldwork and data provision. We would also like to thank colleagues at the Department for Work and Pensions for their support in conducting the survey and their helpful comments on previous drafts, in particular Colin Browne, Mike Daly, Figen Deviren, David Finch, Stephen Meredith and Wendy Thompson.
vThe Authors
The AuthorsIngun Borg is a Principal Research Officer and Andrew Stocks a Senior Research Officer at the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). They currently undertake research and analysis of employment and welfare policies for families and children.
vi
List of abbreviationsDfE Department for Education
DWP Department for Work and Pensions
FT Full-time
PT Part-time
List of abbreviations
1Introduction
1 IntroductionIn November 2012 the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) commissioned GfK NOP Social Research to undertake a survey of adults with children under 16 years old to gain insight into the relationship between the type of childcare used by different families and their work patterns.
The survey aimed to address a gap in the existing evidence base and so support the broader evidence gathering process of the work of the Government’s childcare commission1.
1 Commission on childcare terms of reference.
2
2 Research objectivesThe key objectives of the survey were to investigate the:
• childcare arrangements that different types of families use to allow them to work, including formal, informal and a mixture of childcare types, and how this differs by the age and size of their family and work patterns2;
• reasons why different families use certain types of childcare provision, and how this differs by the age of children in different families and affects the work decisions of parents;
• affordability of childcare for different family types, and preferences over how they would like to pay for childcare services;
• role of accessible and affordable childcare in supporting parents to enter work or increase their hours, including existing government support for childcare;
• type of further childcare support parents might value most.
2 Examples of informal and formal childcare were provided on the survey questionnaire(see Chapter 6).
Research objectives
3Research design
3 Research designThe research was carried out through an online survey using members of an established online panel. A questionnaire consisting of 24 closed questions was prepared by DWP with input and advice from GfK NOP3. The online questionnaire was programmed and tested by GfK NOP and signed off by a project executive before being sent out to panellists.
3.1 Timing of surveyThe initial round of fieldwork began on 9 November 2012. In total 1,000 parents took part in this round. In order to boost the total sample a second round of fieldwork was commissioned beginning 16 November 2012 with a further 689 parents participating. The combined total sample consisted of 1,689 respondents.
3.2 Sample compositionSurvey invites were sent out via email to all ‘active’ panellists with children4. Invites contained a unique link which panellists clicked on to access the survey online. This ensured panellists could only complete the survey once. In total 18,276 invites were issued.
The demographic profile of the achieved sample was controlled by the use of quotas on gender, working status and age of child. The quotas were constructed to achieve a broadly representative sample of families with children in the UK, across these variables. Controls were not able to be used for other characteristics that might be connected with families childcare and work decisions.
3.3 Respondent characteristics Some of the key characteristics of the respondents are outlined below.
• Almost half (48%) of families had one child, 38 per cent had two children and 15 per cent had three or more children.
• A third (33%) of households in the survey had a youngest child under five years old, almost half (47%) had a youngest child between 5-12 years old, and 20 per cent had a youngest child aged 13 years or older.
• A majority of respondents were in two parent families – 84 per cent were married or co-habiting whilst 16 per cent were lone parents.
• Just over a quarter (26%) of households had one full-time and one part-time worker, 23 per cent had a single full-time worker and one not working, 19 per cent had two full-time earners, five per cent had two part-time workers, five per cent had one part-time worker with one not working and in six per cent of households both adults were out of work5.
3 See Chapter 6.4 ‘Active’ panellists are defined as people who have participated in a survey in the last
six months.5 For the purpose of this survey full-time means 35+ hours and part-time is less than 35 hours
per week.
4
When reading the tables, one should be particularly careful interpreting the results for certain family types due to small sample sizes, such as lone parents and families with both adults unemployed. Caution, in particular, is advised interpreting the results for family types where there are less than 100 respondents.
3.4 Comparability with other survey resultsA key aim of the survey was to gain insight into how childcare and work decisions interact for different types of families. In this respect it differs from many other surveys on the provision and use of childcare, for example the Department for Education (DfE) Childcare and Early Years survey of parents6, which do not focus solely on childcare for work purposes. Differences in the results between this and similar surveys may also arise due to differences in survey methodology and design. Although care was taken to explain ‘childcare’ and other terms used in the questionnaire, and to control the sample for certain population characteristics, the results should be interpreted in light of the specific questions asked, the survey’s on-line format and respondents’ characteristics.
6 DfE. (2012). Childcare and Early Years Survey of Parents 2010. OSR12-2012:http://www.education.gov.uk/rsgateway/DB/STR/d001073/index.shtml
The 2011 version of the survey will be published on 31 January 2013 available from: http://www.education.gov.uk/researchandstatistics/statistics
Research design
5Key findings
4 Key findingsThe following section outlines some of the key results from the survey. The full results tables can be found in Chapter 5.
4.1 Use of childcare to work• Just over half of respondents (55%) said they used childcare for work purposes.
• Use was greatest where both parents worked full-time (78%), followed by families where both work part-time (72%), and where one worked full-time and one part-time (68%).
• There appeared to be little difference in the use of childcare by whether the parents were married/cohabitating or a lone parent.
• The use of childcare increased with household income, with formal childcare arrangements (either on its own or supplementing informal care) being used more as income and household working hours increased.
4.2 Reasons for childcare arrangements• The biggest reasons for using informal childcare were cost (76%), prefer or trust friends/relatives
(67%) and the flexibility informal childcare can provide (54%).
• Not wishing to burden friends or relatives (42%) was the main reason given for using formal childcare, followed by educational reasons (38%), flexibility (35%) and having no access to informal childcare (33%).
4.3 Cost of childcare• More than twice as many parents that used childcare for work purposes reported difficulty
meeting the cost (48%) than those who reported they found it easy or very easy (21%).
4.4 Working more – solution to parent’s childcare cost?• Amongst families where one or both parents were not already working full-time, 49 per cent said
they wanted to find work or work longer hours. This was most common amongst lower income families, with 62 per cent of those earning less than £13,000 a year wanting to increase their hours, and 58 per cent of those earning between £13,000 and £22,000 a year.
• Amongst families reporting that they wanted to work more, the most common reason for not doing so was difficulty finding work with suitable hours (57%), followed by not being able to afford formal childcare (33%) and difficulty finding work with suitable pay (31%). Sixteen per cent said they were not able to access more informal childcare, while five per cent pointed to a lack of suitable formal childcare in the area.
• Those more likely to cite the affordability of formal childcare for not increasing their hours were families with two or more children, those with a youngest child aged under five and those with household earnings between £13,000 and £60,000.
6 Key findings
4.5 Willingnesstousechildcaretoincreasehoursworked• Inhouseholdswithoneormoreparentnotworkingfull-time29percentsaidtheywerelikely
topayformorechildcaretoenablethemtostartworkorincreasetheirhoursiftheywerepaidenoughtocovertheiradditionalchildcarecosts.
• Amongstthesamehouseholds,willingnesstousemorechildcaretoenablemoreworkwashigherat48percentiftheGovernmentweretocovertheextrachildcarecosts.
• WillingnesstousemoreformalchildcaretoincreasehoursworkedifGovernmentcoveredtheextracostofchildcarewashigherin:
– householdsalreadyusingformalchildcare(70percent);
– couplehouseholdswheretheyareattachedtothelabourmarketandinsomeformofemployment,forexamplein55percentofhouseholdswithonefull-timeandonepart-timeparent.
• Thiswillingnessappearstoincreasewithhouseholdincomeuptothoseearning35-60kperyear,ofwhich54percentsaidtheywouldbewillingtousemoreformalchildcareasameanstoincreasetheirhoursofworkiftheGovernmentcoveredtheextracostofchildcare
4.6 HowshouldGovernmentprovidechildcaresupportforfamilieswithchildren?
• Tohelpinformfuturepolicydevelopment,familieswereaskedahypotheticalquestionrelatingtothefinancialsupportforchildcaretheywouldfindmostuseful.TwelvepercentofrespondentsthoughttheGovernmentshouldnotprovideanysupporttohelpparentsmeetthecostofchildcare.
• AmongstthosethatthoughtGovernmentshould,aslightmajorityfavouredsupportthatfamiliescoulduseastheywishoversupportearmarkedforchildcareredeemablethroughnurseries,childmindersetc.Thosealreadyusingformalchildcaresupportpreferreddirectlyearmarkedsupportredeemablethroughchildcareprovidersorsimilar.
7
5 Re
spon
se ta
bles
Tabl
e 5.
1 W
hat t
ype
of c
hild
care
, if a
ny, d
o yo
u cu
rren
tly u
se to
allo
w y
ou to
wor
k? (T
ick
the
optio
n w
hich
app
lies)
Base
: All
resp
onde
nts
Num
ber o
f chi
ldre
nAg
e of
you
nges
t chi
ldPa
rent
al s
tatu
sHo
useh
old
inco
me
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
coha
bit
%
Lone
pa
rent
%
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%In
form
al
arra
ngem
ents
, e.
g. re
lativ
es a
nd
frie
nds
2727
2728
3017
2924
2728
2230
2827
22Fo
rmal
chi
ldca
re,
e.g.
chi
ldm
inde
r, nu
rser
y15
1318
1721
3513
215
1611
1613
1927
A m
ixtu
re
of in
form
al
and
form
al
arra
ngem
ents
1311
1710
1519
137
1411
98
1417
16I/
We
don’
t use
ch
ildca
re44
4938
4533
2844
6844
4558
4645
3735
Base
1,68
980
364
124
534
121
879
433
61,
426
263
244
292
425
410
158
Response tables
8Ta
ble
5.1
Cont
inue
d
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
/ 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
out
of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
arr
ange
men
ts,
e.g.
rela
tives
and
frie
nds
2729
1934
2234
1526
3922
Form
al c
hild
care
, e.
g. c
hild
min
der,
nurs
ery
1526
816
1422
326
166
A m
ixtu
re o
f inf
orm
al a
nd
form
al a
rran
gem
ents
1323
518
516
316
136
I/W
e do
n’t u
se c
hild
care
4422
6932
6028
7832
3366
Base
1,68
932
638
544
487
8797
9670
97
Response tables
9Ta
ble
5.2
Whi
ch, i
f any
, of t
he fo
llow
ing
are
reas
ons
why
you
use
info
rmal
chi
ldca
re (r
athe
r tha
n fo
rmal
child
care
)? (T
ick
thos
e th
at a
pply
/mai
n re
ason
s)
Base
: All
who
use
info
rmal
chi
ldca
re
Num
ber o
f chi
ldre
nAg
e of
you
nges
t chi
ldPa
rent
al s
tatu
sHo
useh
old
inco
me
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
coha
bit
%
Lone
pa
rent
%
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Pr
efer
/tru
st
frie
nds/
rela
tives
6768
6571
7365
6570
6673
6267
7265
70Co
sts
less
7676
7483
8178
7376
7868
7174
8179
74Pr
ovid
es
grea
ter
flexi
bilit
y54
5156
5960
5451
5655
5049
4957
5961
Mor
e ac
cess
ible
3435
3235
3831
3237
3434
3630
3732
31N
one
of th
ese
22
2-
1-
31
15
32
- 1
2
Base
678
304
281
9315
680
341
101
575
103
7611
117
818
061
Response tables
10Ta
ble
5.2
Cont
inue
d
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
out
of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Mix
ture
%
Pref
er/t
rust
fr
iend
s/re
lativ
es67
6674
6174
6883
8364
7074
54Co
sts
less
7677
8080
6166
8370
6963
7675
Prov
ides
gr
eate
r fle
xibi
lity
5460
5353
3955
6158
4741
5259
Mor
e ac
cess
ible
3436
3233
1739
5648
1933
3531
Non
e of
thes
e2
1-
14
2-
- 8
71
3
Base
678
171
9022
923
4418
4036
2745
522
3
Response tables
11Ta
ble
5.3
Whi
ch, i
f any
, of t
he fo
llow
ing
are
reas
ons
why
you
use
form
al c
hild
care
(rat
her t
han
or a
long
with
in
form
al c
hild
care
)? (T
ick
thos
e th
at a
pply
/mai
n re
ason
s)
Base
: All
resp
onde
nts
who
use
form
al c
hild
care
Nu
mbe
r of c
hild
ren
Age
of y
oung
est c
hild
Pare
ntal
sta
tus
Hous
ehol
d in
com
e
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
coha
bit
%
Lone
pa
rent
s 5
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Pr
ovid
es
grea
ter
flexi
bilit
y35
3234
4734
4334
2336
3333
4335
3247
Mor
e ac
cess
ible
2723
2833
2231
2817
2821
2730
2826
26Ca
nnot
ac
cess
in
form
al
child
care
3334
3624
3436
3140
3429
3729
2638
44Do
n’t w
ish
to b
urde
n re
lativ
es/
frie
nds
(furt
her)
4243
4144
4341
4340
4335
2936
4645
41Ed
ucat
iona
l/ch
ild
deve
lopm
ent
reas
ons
3838
3935
4747
3117
3935
2427
4542
35N
one
of
thes
e2
33
- 2
- 3
71
88
12
13
Don’
t kno
w/
not s
ure
12
02
2-
13
13
8-
1-
-
Base
484
194
224
6612
511
821
130
412
7249
7011
414
868
Response tables
12Ta
ble
5.3
Cont
inue
d
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
out
of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%Pr
ovid
es
grea
ter
flexi
bilit
y35
4134
2950
45-
4325
1746
23M
ore
acce
ssib
le27
3123
2513
4217
2515
1733
20Ca
nnot
ac
cess
in
form
al
child
care
3336
2336
5030
- 23
4033
4223
Don’
t wis
h to
bur
den
rela
tives
/fr
iend
s (fu
rthe
r)42
4540
4619
3950
3040
4234
52Ed
ucat
iona
l/ch
ild
deve
lopm
ent
reas
ons
3836
5338
3833
3338
3033
3541
Non
e of
th
ese
23
- 1
- 3
- 8
108
24
Don’
t kno
w/
not s
ure
1-
21
- -
173
5-
02
Base
484
160
4715
016
336
4020
1226
122
3
Response tables
13Ta
ble
5.4
How
eas
y or
diffi
cult
do y
ou fi
nd it
to m
eet t
he c
ost o
f chi
ldca
re? (
Tick
on
optio
n)
Base
: All
who
use
chi
ldca
re
Num
ber o
f chi
ldre
nAg
e of
you
nges
t chi
ldPa
rent
al s
tatu
sHo
useh
old
inco
me
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Ve
ry e
asy
109
1113
913
1012
117
1611
109
12Ea
sy11
1311
910
1012
1211
119
812
1317
Nei
ther
eas
y no
r diff
icul
t30
3130
2826
3333
2830
3222
3128
2937
Diff
icul
t32
3133
3436
3130
3432
3030
3133
3724
Very
diff
icul
t16
1615
1619
1316
1515
2023
1818
1111
Base
939
407
398
134
229
156
445
109
794
145
103
157
233
258
103
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
out
of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%Ve
ry e
asy
1011
129
1714
1011
43
147
7Ea
sy11
128
1111
195
1213
69
1411
Nei
ther
eas
y no
r diff
icul
t30
3126
3226
2938
3134
3030
3131
Diff
icul
t32
3228
3629
2933
3128
3328
3636
Very
diff
icul
t16
1427
1217
1014
1521
2719
1114
Base
939
255
119
301
3563
2165
4733
455
261
223
Response tables
14Ta
ble
5.5
Do y
ou o
r you
r par
tner
wan
t to
find
wor
k or
wor
k lo
nger
hou
rs? (
Tick
one
opt
ion)
Base
: All
who
wor
k fe
wer
than
35
hour
s pe
r wee
k or
who
se p
artn
er w
orks
less
than
35
hour
s pe
r wee
k
Num
ber o
f chi
ldre
nAg
e of
you
nges
t chi
ldPa
rent
al s
tatu
sHo
useh
old
inco
me
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Ye
s49
5047
5154
6045
4548
5262
5849
3836
No
5150
5349
4640
5555
5248
3842
5162
64
Base
1,26
757
549
120
126
416
758
625
01,
100
167
218
242
334
266
76
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
ou
t of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%No
ne
%Ye
s49
- 48
4356
5959
- 43
5954
5752
43N
o51
- 52
5744
4141
- 57
4146
4348
57
Base
1,26
70
385
444
8787
970
7097
335
152
132
648
Response tables
15Ta
ble
5.6
Why
do
you/
your
par
tner
not
cur
rent
ly w
ork
or w
ork
part
tim
e? (T
ick
thos
e th
at a
pply
/mai
n re
ason
s)
Base
: All
who
wan
t to
find
wor
k or
wor
k lo
nger
hou
rs
Num
ber o
f chi
ldre
nAg
e of
you
nges
t chi
ldPa
rent
al s
tatu
sHo
useh
old
inco
me
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Di
ffic
ulty
find
ing
wor
k w
ith
suita
ble
hour
s57
5455
6854
5863
4557
6059
5960
5644
Diff
icul
ty fi
ndin
g w
ork
with
su
itabl
e pa
y31
3229
3633
3628
3231
3137
3332
2533
Conc
erne
d ab
out l
osin
g el
igib
ility
for
bene
fits
1615
1424
2212
1224
1523
2724
134
- Ca
n’t a
fford
(m
ore)
form
al
child
care
3323
4338
5043
3011
3426
2640
3639
15Ca
n’t a
cces
s (m
ore)
info
rmal
ch
ildca
re16
1217
2221
1815
916
1616
1320
1519
No
suita
ble
form
al c
hild
care
av
aila
ble
in m
y ar
ea5
64
78
85
35
86
47
57
Don’
t wis
h to
bur
den
rela
tives
/frie
nds
(furt
her)
1615
1421
219
1615
1521
1616
1817
11O
ther
910
88
96
813
810
128
85
19N
one
of th
ese
711
63
44
912
78
73
68
11Do
n’t k
now
/ no
t sur
e1
12
- -
21
21
- 2
1-
- 4
Base
619
285
231
103
142
101
263
113
532
8713
514
116
310
127
Response tables
16Ta
ble
5.6
Cont
inue
d
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
ou
t of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%No
ne
%Di
ffic
ulty
find
ing
wor
k w
ith
suita
ble
hour
s57
- 63
5553
4951
- 57
6158
5459
57Di
ffic
ulty
find
ing
wor
k w
ith
suita
ble
pay
31-
2426
3947
51-
1739
2937
4328
Conc
erne
d ab
out l
osin
g el
igib
ility
for
bene
fits
16-
147
2227
32-
1328
1913
1915
Can’
t affo
rd
(mor
e) fo
rmal
ch
ildca
re33
- 35
3927
3319
- 33
2335
4052
25Ca
n’t a
cces
s (m
ore)
info
rmal
ch
ildca
re16
- 19
198
107
- 13
1813
1430
15N
o su
itabl
e fo
rmal
chi
ldca
re
avai
labl
e in
my
area
5-
75
66
- -
107
510
64
Don’
t wis
h to
bur
den
rela
tives
/frie
nds
(furt
her)
16-
1518
1012
16-
3016
269
2210
Oth
er9
- 10
312
423
- 3
145
53
14N
one
of th
ese
7-
410
88
7-
79
87
39
Don’
t kno
w/
not s
ure
1-
2-
42
2-
- -
11
- 2
Base
619
018
419
149
5157
030
5718
287
6928
1
Response tables
17Ta
ble
5.7
Wou
ld y
ou/y
our p
artn
er b
e w
illin
g to
pay
for m
ore
child
care
to e
nabl
e yo
u to
sta
rt w
ork
or in
crea
se
your
hou
rs if
you
cou
ld fi
nd w
ork
whi
ch p
aid
enou
gh to
cov
er y
our a
dditi
onal
chi
ldca
re c
ost?
(T
ick
one
optio
n)
Base
: All
who
do
not h
ave
two
full-
time
wor
kers
in th
e ho
useh
old
Nu
mbe
r of c
hild
ren
Age
of y
oung
est c
hild
Pare
ntal
sta
tus
Hous
ehol
d in
com
e
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Ve
ry li
kely
to
pay
for m
ore
child
care
109
914
1214
105
108
911
1210
8Li
kely
to p
ay fo
r m
ore
child
care
1917
2120
2331
1811
1920
2024
1621
20N
eith
er li
kely
no
r unl
ikel
y to
pa
y fo
r mor
e ch
ildca
re27
2728
2432
2028
2427
2824
2328
2829
Unl
ikel
y to
pa
y fo
r mor
e ch
ildca
re13
1214
1312
1315
914
810
1513
1412
Very
unl
ikel
y to
pa
y fo
r mor
e ch
ildca
re31
3528
2921
2230
5231
3736
2631
2832
Base
1,26
757
549
120
126
416
758
625
01,
100
167
218
242
334
266
76
Response tables
18Ta
ble
5.7
Cont
inue
d
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
ou
t of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%No
ne
%Ve
ry li
kely
to
pay
for m
ore
child
care
10-
1010
1115
5-
97
1313
176
Like
ly to
pay
for
mor
e ch
ildca
re19
- 19
2016
2413
- 19
2120
3433
12N
eith
er li
kely
no
r unl
ikel
y to
pa
y fo
r mor
e ch
ildca
re27
- 24
2918
2633
- 29
2728
2231
26U
nlik
ely
to
pay
for m
ore
child
care
13-
1216
1411
9-
106
1618
910
Very
unl
ikel
y to
pa
y fo
r mor
e ch
ildca
re31
- 35
2440
2339
- 34
3922
1210
45
Base
1,26
70
385
444
8787
970
7097
335
152
132
648
Response tables
19Ta
ble
5.8
How
eas
y or
diffi
cult
do y
ou th
ink
it w
ould
be
for y
ou o
r you
r par
tner
to fi
nd s
uita
ble
wor
k w
hich
pai
d
enou
gh to
cov
er th
e ex
tra
cost
of c
hild
care
? (Ti
ck o
ne o
ptio
n) Base
: All
who
do
not h
ave
two
full-
time
wor
kers
in th
e ho
useh
old
Nu
mbe
r of c
hild
ren
Age
of y
oung
est c
hild
Pare
ntal
sta
tus
Hous
ehol
d in
com
e
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Ve
ry e
asy
45
22
25
44
41
34
25
12Ea
sy7
77
88
87
57
76
57
817
Nei
ther
eas
y no
r diff
icul
t22
2225
1521
2523
2223
1824
1921
2125
Diff
icul
t33
3433
3032
3133
3533
3528
3134
4030
Very
diff
icul
t34
3233
4437
3134
3433
3939
4137
2616
Base
1,26
757
549
120
126
416
758
625
01,
100
167
218
242
334
266
76
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
ou
t of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%No
ne
%Ve
ry e
asy
4-
33
610
1-
11
54
43
Easy
7-
410
614
2-
95
716
104
Nei
ther
eas
y no
r diff
icul
t22
- 21
2326
3125
- 17
1919
2930
21Di
ffic
ult
33-
3239
2424
22-
4032
3832
3630
Very
diff
icul
t34
- 40
2538
2151
- 33
4331
2021
42
Base
1,26
70
385
444
8787
970
7097
335
152
132
648
Response tables
20Ta
ble
5.9
How
like
ly w
ould
you
and
you
r par
tner
be
to u
se m
ore
child
care
to e
nabl
e yo
u to
sta
rt w
ork
or in
crea
se
your
hou
rs if
the
addi
tiona
l cos
t of c
hild
care
was
cov
ered
by
the
Gove
rnm
ent?
(Tic
k on
e op
tion)
Base
: All
who
do
not h
ave
two
full-
time
wor
kers
in th
e ho
useh
old
Nu
mbe
r of c
hild
ren
Age
of y
oung
est c
hild
Pare
ntal
sta
tus
Hous
ehol
d in
com
e
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Ve
ry li
kely
to
use
mor
e ch
ildca
re21
1922
2730
3119
1221
2220
2324
2122
Like
ly to
use
m
ore
child
care
2725
2930
3431
2716
2819
2326
2733
25N
eith
er li
kely
no
r unl
ikel
y to
use
mor
e ch
ildca
re26
2628
2022
2527
2825
3128
2824
2129
Unl
ikel
y to
use
m
ore
child
care
78
66
55
810
79
65
69
9Ve
ry u
nlik
ely
to u
se m
ore
child
care
1922
1517
98
1934
1819
2217
1916
14
Base
1,26
757
549
120
126
416
758
625
01,
100
167
218
242
334
266
76
Response tables
21Ta
ble
5.9
Cont
inue
d
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
ou
t of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%No
ne
%Ve
ry li
kely
to
use
mor
e ch
ildca
re21
- 23
2318
1810
- 21
2227
3330
14Li
kely
to u
se
mor
e ch
ildca
re27
- 26
3224
3122
- 21
1831
3742
19N
eith
er li
kely
no
r unl
ikel
y to
use
mor
e ch
ildca
re26
- 26
2326
2931
- 30
3222
2122
30U
nlik
ely
to u
se
mor
e ch
ildca
re7
- 5
97
56
- 13
68
54
8Ve
ry u
nlik
ely
to u
se m
ore
child
care
19-
2014
2417
31-
1423
115
229
Base
1,26
70
385
444
8787
970
7097
335
152
132
648
Response tables
22Ta
ble
5.10
W
hy d
o yo
u/yo
ur p
artn
er n
ot w
ant t
o w
ork
or in
crea
se y
our h
ours
? (Ti
ck th
ose
that
app
ly/m
ain
reas
ons)
Base
: All
who
do
not w
ant t
o fin
d w
ork
or w
ork
long
er h
ours
Nu
mbe
r of c
hild
ren
Age
of y
oung
est c
hild
Pare
ntal
sta
tus
Hous
ehol
d in
com
e
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%N
o ne
ed –
we
man
age
on th
e m
oney
we
have
3943
3833
3441
4043
4218
1630
4347
67Di
ffic
ulty
find
ing
wor
k w
ith s
uita
ble
hour
s24
2027
3031
2923
1824
2629
3119
274
Diff
icul
ty fi
ndin
g w
ork
with
sui
tabl
e pa
y19
1916
2620
1820
1618
2619
2616
2110
Conc
erne
d ab
out
losi
ng e
ligib
ility
for
bene
fits
76
710
136
65
616
2013
51
2Ca
n’t a
fford
(mor
e)
form
al c
hild
care
1814
2123
3126
177
1821
2015
1822
8Ca
n’t a
cces
s (m
ore)
info
rmal
ch
ildca
re6
58
79
96
46
84
76
94
No
suita
ble
form
al
child
care
ava
ilabl
e in
my
area
46
32
5-
44
39
65
42
2Do
n’t w
ish
to
burd
en re
lativ
es/
frie
nds
(furt
her)
1517
1317
2115
1512
1518
1621
1616
6O
ther
1312
1413
1614
1312
1316
1413
1512
12N
one
of th
ese
89
77
43
814
715
1610
85
4Do
n’t k
now
/ no
t sur
e3
25
42
54
23
66
33
12
Base
648
290
260
9812
266
323
137
568
8083
101
171
165
49
Response tables
23Ta
ble
5.10
Co
ntin
ued
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
ou
t of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%No
ne
%N
o ne
ed –
we
man
age
on th
e m
oney
we
have
39-
4642
4550
23-
2510
4031
3741
Diff
icul
ty fi
ndin
g w
ork
with
sui
tabl
e ho
urs
24-
2424
2931
8-
2825
2729
2721
Diff
icul
ty fi
ndin
g w
ork
with
sui
tabl
e pa
y19
- 19
1916
145
- 30
2318
2517
18Co
ncer
ned
abou
t lo
sing
elig
ibili
ty fo
r be
nefit
s7
- 7
43
610
- 13
2010
65
6Ca
n’t a
fford
(mor
e)
form
al c
hild
care
18-
2020
1114
5-
2023
2232
1914
Can’
t acc
ess
(mor
e) in
form
al
child
care
6-
68
53
- -
105
82
116
No
suita
ble
form
al
child
care
ava
ilabl
e in
my
area
4-
34
3-
3-
810
4-
64
Don’
t wis
h to
bu
rden
rela
tives
/fr
iend
s (fu
rthe
r)15
- 16
1518
145
- 23
1332
317
10O
ther
13-
1311
133
28-
1320
1217
1114
Non
e of
thes
e8
- 7
411
625
- 3
283
53
12Do
n’t k
now
/ no
t sur
e3
- 2
33
33
- 10
32
55
3
Base
648
020
125
338
3640
040
4015
365
6336
7
Response tables
24Ta
ble
5.11
Do
you
cur
rent
ly re
ceiv
e an
y of
the
follo
win
g? (
Tick
thos
e th
at a
pply
)
Base
: All
Nu
mbe
r of c
hild
ren
Age
of y
oung
est c
hild
Pare
ntal
sta
tus
Hous
ehol
d in
com
e
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Fr
ee e
arly
ed
ucat
ion
for c
hild
ren
aged
3 a
nd 4
95
1015
1336
30
95
128
89
9Ch
ildca
re
elem
ent o
f th
e W
orki
ng
Tax
Cred
it18
1618
2619
2718
1317
2527
2917
116
Free
ear
ly
educ
atio
n fo
r tw
o-ye
ar-
olds
32
26
67
11
33
54
21
2Em
ploy
er
child
care
vo
uche
rs6
49
712
124
27
32
24
1017
Non
e of
th
ese
6772
6457
5735
7383
6763
5658
7072
73Do
n’t k
now
/no
t sur
e3
33
34
23
23
54
23
2-
Base
1,68
980
364
124
534
121
879
433
61,
426
263
244
292
425
410
158
Response tables
25Ta
ble
5.11
Co
ntin
ued
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not i
n w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
ou
t of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%No
ne
%Fr
ee e
arly
ed
ucat
ion
for c
hild
ren
aged
3 a
nd 4
912
79
818
64
46
723
124
Child
care
el
emen
t of
the
Wor
king
Ta
x Cr
edit
1815
1616
2330
1229
3711
1530
3112
Free
ear
ly
educ
atio
n fo
r tw
o-ye
ar-
olds
32
22
210
4-
16
45
41
Empl
oyer
ch
ildca
re
vouc
hers
615
37
12
15
31
320
131
Non
e of
th
ese
6763
7269
6846
7565
5469
7136
4981
Don’
t kno
w/
not s
ure
32
32
13
53
38
32
33
Base
1,68
932
638
544
487
8797
9670
9745
526
122
375
0
Response tables
26
Tabl
e 5.
12
Did
you
or y
our p
artn
er c
hang
e th
e nu
mbe
r of h
ours
you
wor
ked
beca
use
you
rece
ived
this
ent
itlem
ent?
(T
ick
one
optio
n)
Base
: All
who
hav
e re
ceiv
ed s
ome
form
or h
elp
with
thei
r chi
ldca
re
Num
ber o
f chi
ldre
nAg
e of
you
nges
t chi
ldPa
rent
al s
tatu
sHo
useh
old
inco
me
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%In
crea
sed
hour
s16
1816
1514
1817
1617
1318
2013
1919
No
chan
ge in
ho
urs
8179
8382
8380
8184
8183
7877
8581
79De
crea
sed
hour
s2
31
23
32
- 2
44
32
- 2
Base
511
203
211
9713
313
719
150
428
8397
116
116
105
43
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
ou
t of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%No
ne
%In
crea
sed
hour
s16
229
1619
2516
197
1424
1621
6N
o ch
ange
in
hour
s81
7688
8381
7384
8183
8675
8274
94De
crea
sed
hour
s2
23
2-
2-
- 10
- 1
25
1
Base
511
114
9612
827
4419
3130
2211
716
310
712
4
Response tables
27Ta
ble
5.13
As
you
may
alre
ady
know
, the
Gov
ernm
ent w
ants
to m
ake
it ea
sier
for p
aren
ts to
sta
rt w
orki
ng o
r
incr
ease
the
hour
s th
at th
ey w
ork
and
they
reco
gnis
e th
at fi
ndin
g af
ford
able
chi
ldca
re w
ould
be
impo
rtan
t for
that
to h
appe
n. W
hich
of t
he fo
llow
ing
optio
ns w
ould
be
of m
ost u
se to
you
?
(T
ick
one
optio
n)
Base
: All
Nu
mbe
r of c
hild
ren
Age
of y
oung
est c
hild
Pare
ntal
sta
tus
Hous
ehol
d in
com
e
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Di
rect
fina
ncia
l su
ppor
t in
the
form
of a
tax
or
bene
fit c
redi
t th
at fa
mili
es
coul
d us
e as
th
ey w
ish
4238
4350
4440
4142
4144
3948
4140
41Fi
nanc
ial
supp
ort
earm
arke
d fo
r chi
ldca
re
only
rede
emed
th
roug
h nu
rser
ies,
ch
ildm
inde
rs
etc
3537
3629
4144
3231
3536
3434
3639
40N
one
of th
e ab
ove
– I
don’
t thi
nk th
e Go
vern
men
t sh
ould
hel
p pa
rent
s m
eet
the
cost
of
child
care
1214
910
76
1317
129
87
1414
15Do
n’t k
now
/not
su
re11
1112
117
914
1112
1118
1210
74
Base
1,68
980
364
124
534
121
879
433
61,
426
263
244
292
425
410
158
Response tables
28Ta
ble
5.13
Co
ntin
ued
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
ou
t of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%No
ne
%Di
rect
fina
ncia
l su
ppor
t in
the
form
of a
tax
or
bene
fit c
redi
t th
at fa
mili
es
coul
d us
e as
th
ey w
ish
4241
4040
4447
4344
5140
4936
4139
Fina
ncia
l su
ppor
t ea
rmar
ked
for c
hild
care
on
ly re
deem
ed
thro
ugh
nurs
erie
s,
child
min
ders
et
c35
3933
3828
3723
3536
3630
5445
29N
one
of th
e ab
ove
– I
don’
t thi
nk th
e Go
vern
men
t sh
ould
hel
p pa
rent
s m
eet
the
cost
of
child
care
1213
1213
109
1113
76
117
914
Don’
t kno
w/n
ot
sure
116
159
187
238
618
93
517
Base
1,68
932
638
544
487
8797
9670
9745
526
122
375
0
Response tables
29Ta
ble
5.14
Ho
w a
re y
ou c
harg
ed fo
r you
r for
mal
chi
ldca
re? (
Tick
the
optio
n th
at a
pplie
s)
Base
: All
resp
onde
nts
who
use
form
al c
hild
care
Nu
mbe
r of c
hild
ren
Age
of y
oung
est c
hild
Pare
ntal
sta
tus
Hous
ehol
d in
com
e
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Pe
r hou
r31
2833
3223
3133
4330
3320
2738
3034
Per h
alf d
ay13
1214
1716
1412
1014
1316
1711
1218
Per d
ay22
2220
2925
2122
1023
1818
3319
2218
Per w
eek
1418
135
1014
1620
1318
279
1611
12Pe
r cal
enda
r m
onth
1615
1814
2414
157
1617
811
1222
16Do
n’t k
now
/no
t sur
e4
52
52
62
104
110
34
33
Base
484
194
224
6612
511
821
130
412
7249
7011
414
868
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not i
n w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
out
of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Per h
our
3129
3831
2524
1745
2017
Per h
alf d
ay13
1113
1425
21-
810
33Pe
r day
2223
1724
1924
1710
3517
Per w
eek
1414
1312
1912
1720
1517
Per c
alen
dar
mon
th16
2115
156
12-
1520
17Do
n’t k
now
/no
t sur
e4
24
46
650
3-
-
Base
484
160
4715
016
336
4020
12
Response tables
30Ta
ble
5.15
Ho
w w
ould
you
pre
fer t
o pa
y fo
r chi
ldca
re? (
Tick
the
optio
n w
hich
app
lies)
Base
: All
Nu
mbe
r of c
hild
ren
Age
of y
oung
est c
hild
Pare
ntal
sta
tus
Hous
ehol
d in
com
e
Tota
l %
One
%Tw
o %
Thre
e+
%0-
2 %3-
4 %5-
12
%13
+ %
Mar
ried/
co
-hab
it %
Lone
pa
rent
s %
0-13
K %
13-2
2K
%22
-35K
%
35-6
0K
%60
K+
%Pe
r hou
r21
2023
2222
2523
1421
2216
2323
2425
Per h
alf d
ay8
78
911
87
68
810
97
88
Per w
eek
2020
2020
1926
1820
2019
2221
1920
16Pe
r cal
enda
r m
onth
1515
1616
2114
1412
1614
1012
1420
23N
ot
appl
icab
le –
I d
on’t
inte
nd
to u
se fo
rmal
ch
ildca
re28
3126
2718
1730
4328
3135
3130
2026
Don’
t kno
w/
not s
ure
77
76
911
75
76
75
79
1
Base
1,68
980
364
124
534
121
879
433
61,
426
263
244
292
425
410
158
Response tables
31Ta
ble
5.15
Co
ntin
ued
Du
al p
aren
t hou
seho
ld e
mpl
oym
ent
Lone
par
ent e
mpl
oym
ent
Child
care
use
Tota
l %
Both
FT
%
1 FT
, 1
not
in w
ork
%
1 PT
/ 1
FT
%
1 no
t in
wor
k/
1 PT
%
Both
PT
%
Both
ou
t of
wor
k %
1 FT
%
1 PT
%
1 ou
t of
wor
k %
Info
rmal
%
Form
al
%M
ixtu
re
%No
ne
%Pe
r hou
r21
2620
2415
207
2526
1521
2832
16Pe
r hal
f day
87
87
817
55
118
109
125
Per w
eek
2021
1920
1716
2119
1424
1424
2720
Per c
alen
dar
mon
th15
2115
169
166
249
710
2618
14N
ot
appl
icab
le –
I d
on’t
inte
nd
to u
se fo
rmal
ch
ildca
re28
1732
2545
2549
2134
3839
10
40Do
n’t k
now
/no
t sur
e7
86
86
611
66
75
1211
5
Base
1,68
932
638
544
487
8797
9670
9745
526
122
375
0
Response tables
32
6 QuestionnaireChildcare and Work Decisions Among Families with Children Questionnaire
We are conducting a short survey of parents about childcare arrangements on behalf of the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP). Your views are important and will help the government design better policies that meet people’s needs, so we very much hope you will take part. We would really value your opinions.
The survey should take no more than 5 minutes to complete, depending on your answers.
Demographic/Family characteristicsQA – Firstly, are you?
Male Female
Q1 – Are there any children under 16 in your household?
Yes GO TO Q2 No CLOSE INTERVIEW
Q2 – How many children under 16 are there in your household?
One Two Three Four Five+
Q3 – How old are the children under 16 in your household?
Age of child0-2 3-4 5-12 13+
Child 1Child 2Child 3Child 4Child 5
Q5– Are you …?
Married/in a civil partnership Living with partner Single Widowed Separated Divorced
Questionnaire
33
Employment status/Working hoursQ6 – And are you …?
Working as an employee Self-employed Unemployed and seeking work Full time education/training Sick/disabled Caring for a sick, elderly or disabled person Looking after the home or family Retired Other
If Working (CODES 1 OR 2 AT Q6)
Q7– How many hours per week do you usually work?
0-10 11-16 17-24 25-34 35+
IF MARRIED/LIVING WITH PARTNER
Q8 – Is your partner …?
Working as an employee Self-employed Unemployed and seeking work Full time education/training Sick/disabled Caring for a sick, elderly or disabled person Looking after the home or family Retired Other
IF PARTNER IS WORKING (CODES 1 OR 2 AT Q8)
Q9 – How many hours per week does your partner usually work?
0-10 11-16 17-24 25-34 35+
Questionnaire
34
Childcare useThe next section is about childcare that you may use to look after your child(ren). By ‘childcare’ we mean care carried out by anyone other than yourself [or your partner] on a regular basis to allow you to work.
Q10 – What type of childcare, if any, do you currently use to allow you to work?
Informal arrangements e.g. relatives and friends Formal childcare e.g. childminder, nursery, before or after school club A mixture of informal and formal arrangements I/We don’t use childcare
ASK ALL WHO MAKE USE OF INFORMAL CHILDCARE (CODE 1 AND 3 AT Q10)
Q11 – Which, if any, of the following are reasons why you use informal childcare (rather than formal childcare)? (Tick all that apply/main reasons)
Prefer/trust friends/relatives Costs less Provides greater flexibility More accessible None of these Don’t know
ASK ALL WHO USE FORMAL CHILDCARE (CODE 2 and 3 AT Q10)
Q12 – Which, if any, of the following are reasons why you use formal childcare (rather than or along with informal childcare)? (Tick all that apply/main reasons)
Provides greater flexibility More accessible Cannot access informal childcare Don’t wish to burden relatives/friends (further) Educational/child development reasons None of these Don’t know
Q13 – How easy or difficult do you find it to meet the cost of childcare?
Very easy Easy Neither easy nor difficult Difficult Very difficult
ASK ALL WHO USE FORMAL CHILDCARE (CODE 2 and 3)
Q14 – How are you charged for your formal childcare?
Per hour Per half day Per day Per week Per calendar month Don’t know
Questionnaire
35
ASK ALL
Q15 – How would you prefer to pay for childcare?
Per hour Per half day Per week Per calendar month Not applicable – I don’t intend to use formal childcare Don’t know
ASK ALL WHO WORK FEWER THAN 35+ HOURS PER WEEK (<>CODE 5 AT Q7) OR WHOSE PARTNER WORKS FEWER THAN 35+ HOURS (<>CODE 5 AT Q9)
Q16 – Do you or your partner want to find work or work longer hours?
Yes No
ASK ALL WHO WANT TO FIND WORK OR WORK LONGER HOURS (CODE 1 AT Q16)
Q17 – Why do you/your partner not currently work or work part-time? (Tick those that apply/main reasons)
Difficulty finding work with suitable hours Difficulty finding work with suitable pay Concerned about losing eligibility for benefits Can’t afford (more) formal childcare e.g. childminder, nursery, before or after school club Can’t access (more) informal childcare e.g. relatives and friends No suitable formal childcare available in my area Don’t wish to burden relatives/friends (further) Other None of these Don’t know
ASK ALL WHO DO NOT HAVE 2 FULL-TIME WORKERS IN THE HOUSEHOLD (ALL EXCEPT CODE 5 AT Q7 AND Q9)
Q18 – Would you/your partner be willing to pay for more childcare to enable you to start work or increase your hours if you could find work which paid enough to cover your additional childcare cost?
Very likely to pay for more childcare Likely to pay for more childcare Neither likely nor unlikely to pay for more childcare Unlikely to pay for more childcare Very unlikely to pay for more childcare
Q19 – How easy or difficult do you think it would be for you or your partner to find suitable work which paid enough to cover the extra cost of childcare?
Very easy Easy Neither easy nor difficult Difficult Very difficult
Questionnaire
36
Q20 – How likely would you and your partner be to use more childcare to enable you to start work or increase your hours if the additional cost of childcare was covered by the Government?
Very likely to use more childcare Likely to use more childcare Neither likely nor unlikely to use more childcare Unlikely to use more childcare Very unlikely to use more childcare
ASK ALL WHO DO NOT WANT TO FIND WORK OR WORK LONGER HOURS (CODE 2 AT Q16)
Q21 – Why do you/your partner not want to work or increase your hours? (Tick those that apply/main reasons)
No need – we manage on the money we currently have Difficulty finding work with suitable hours Difficulty finding work with suitable pay Concerned about losing eligibility for benefits Cannot afford (more) formal childcare e.g. childminder, nursery, before or after school club Cannot access informal childcare e.g. relatives and friends No suitable formal childcare available in my area Don’t wish to burden relatives/friends (further) Other None of these Don’t know
Government supported childcareQ22 –Do you currently receive any of the following? (All that apply)
Entitlement to 15 hours of free early education for children aged 3 and 4 years old Childcare element of the Working Tax Credit Free early education for 2 year olds (available in some areas) Employer childcare vouchers None of these Don’t know
ASK ALL WHO CODE 1-4 AT Q22
Q23 – Did you or your partner change the number of hours you worked because you received this entitlement?
Increased hours No change in hours Decreased hours
As you may already know, the government wants to make it easier for parents to start working or increase the hours that they work and they recognise that finding affordable childcare would be important for that to happen.
QuestionnaireQuestionnaire
37
Q – Which of the following options would be of most use to you? {One tick only}
• Direct financial support in the form of a tax or benefit credit that families could use as they wish
• financial support earmarked for childcare only redeemed through nurseries, childminders, before/after school care and holiday care
• None of the above – I don’t think the Government should help parents meet the cost of childcare
• Don’t know
QB – To which of these groups do you consider you belong?
White Black – Caribbean Black – African Black – Other Indian Pakistani Bangladeshi Chinese Other Don’t know Prefer not to say
Q4 – And finally, what is your total household income from all sources before tax and other deductions?
Per week Per month Per annum
01 Up to £47 Up to £207 Under £2,50002 £48 - £86 £208 - £374 £2,500 - £4,499 03 £87 - £125 £375 - £540 £4,500 - £6,499 04 £126 - £144 £541 - £624 £6,500 - £7,499
05 £145 - £184 £625 - £790 £7,500 - £9,499 06 £185 - £222 £791 - £958 £9,500 - £11,499 07 £223 - £250 £959 - £1,083 £11,500 - £12,999 08 £251 - £299 £1,084 - £1,290 £13,000 - £15,499 09 £300 - £338 £1,291 - £1,458 £15,500 - £17,499 10 £339 - £423 £1,459 - £1,833 £17,500 - £21,999 11 £424 - £483 £1,834 - £2,083 £22,000 - £24,999 12 £484 - £677 £2,084 - £2,916 £25,000 - £34,999 13 £678 - £1,153 £2,917 - £5,000 £35,000 - £59,999 14 £1,154 - £1,422 £5,001 - £6,250 £60,000 - £74,999 15 £1,423 - £1,923 £6,251 - £8,333 £75,000 - £99,999 16 £1,924 and over £8,334 and over £100,000 and over
Don’t know Prefer not to say
Thank you for answering these questions. The survey is now complete.
QuestionnaireQuestionnaire
In November 2012 the Department for Work and Pensions undertook a survey of families in Britain with children under the age of 16 to explore the relationship between the type of childcare used by different families and their work patterns. This report sets out some key results from the survey. It adds to the existing evidence base by focusing on the use of childcare used for work purposes only.
If you would like to know more about DWP research, please email: [email protected]
Published by the Department for Work and PensionsJanuary 2013www.dwp.gov.ukWorking Paper no. 114 ISBN 978-1-909532-13-7
