PRESENTATION

ON

PIPELINE LINE LOSS

A STUDY ON PIPELINE LOSS

TRANSPORTATION/LINE LOSS IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE QUANTITY OF CRUDE OIL AT OFFTAKE AND DELIVERY ENDS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT INTERNAL CONSUMPTION AND LINE STOCK QUANTITY.

LINE LOSS IS EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGE ON DRY TONNES DELIVERED.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE LINE LOSS.

MEASUREMENTAL ERROR

TANK DIP MEASUREMENT TANK TEMPERATURE DENSITY WATER CONTENT

OTHER FACTORS

EVAPORATION LOSS IN ENROUTE TANKS WAX DEPOSITION IN THE LINE PILFERAGE

IMPACT OF MEASUREMENTAL ERROR

TANK DIP: FOR EACH ERROR OF ONE CM. IN TANK DIP,THE

VOLUME LOSS OR GAIN WILL BE 4KL TO 36 KL DEPENDING ON TANK SIZE

TANK TEMPERATURE:

FOR AN ERROR OF ONE DEGREE, THE VARIATION IN CRUDE VOLUME WILL BE 0.08 TO 0.1%

IMPACT OF MEASUREMENTAL ERROR

DENSITY: DENSITY IS A VERY IMPORTANT PARAMETER

FOR CRUDE OIL TRANSANCTION.A VARIATION IN DENSITY BY 0.001 WILL RESULT IN 0.1% VARIATION IN WEIGHT

WATER : WATER CONTENT DIFFERENTIAL AT INPUT &

DELIVERY HAS A DIRECT IMPACT ON LINE LOSS OR GAIN. MOREOVER, HIGH WATER CONTENT AFFECTS SAMPLING PERFORMANCE.

LINE LOSS IN OIL PIPELINE SYSTEM

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03

Line loss %

LINE LOSS % FOR LAST FIVE YEARS

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

Loss %Water %

LINE LOSS VIS-À-VIS WATER CONTENT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

Actul Loss%

Loss %withoutUnaccountedWater

IMPACT OF WATER DIFFERENCE ON LINE LOSS

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03

Unaccounted Water(X 10,000Tonnes) Water %

IMPACT OF WATER % ON WATER DIFFERENCE

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1976 1978 1980 1982-83

1984-85

1986-87

1988-89

1990-91

1992-93

1994-95

1996-97

1998-99

2000-01

2002-03

Line loss %

TREND IN LINE LOSS

LINE LOSS IN OTHER CRUDE PIPELINE IN INDIA

SMPL (IOCL)

1999-2000- 0.106%

2000-2001- 0.105%

HBCPL(IOCL)

2002-2003- 0.013%

ONE TO ONE COMPARISION WITH OIL PIPELINE IS DIFFICULT DUE TO SYSTEM DIFFERENCE.

LINE LOSS IN OTHER CRUDE PIPELINE IN NORTH AMERICA

FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION DOCUMENT ON PIPELINE TARIFF REFERS TO DETERMINATION OF VOLUME AND DEDUCTIONS OF CRUDE OIL AS QUOTED BELOW :

“THREE TENTH OF ONE PERCENT (0.30%) WILL BE DEDUCTED FROM ALL CRUDE PETROLEUM RECEIVED FOR TRANSPORTATION AT POINT OF ORIGIN AND RETAINED BY CARRIER TO COVER LOSSES DUE TO SHRINKAGE AND EVAPORATION INCIDENT TO PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION. THIS LOSS ALLOWANCE ADJUSTMENT WILL BE MADE FROM SHIPPER’S INVENTORY.”

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LINE LOSS% BY VOLUME AND WEIGHT

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

Wet at 15'CDry Tonnes

STEPS TAKEN TO CONTROL LINE LOSS

A.UNIFORMITY IN MEASUREMENT

1.SAMPLING

AUTO SAMPLER INSTALLED IN PS2,ONGCL FROM

AUG’2002 . NEW SAMPLER INSTALLED IN PS2,OIL CRUDE IN JAN’2003.

NECESSARY PIPING MODIFICATIONS CARRIED OUT AT PS2, OIL AND ONGCL(AUG’02) AND BRPL (APR’02)

AS PER API/IP GUIDELINE

STEPS TAKEN TO CONTROL LINE LOSS

MECHANICAL MIXER INSTALLED AT ALL TESTING POINT SINCE APR’02 AND AT IOC,GUWAHATI IN DEC’02.

2.TESTING

SIMILAR TESTING PROCEDURE ADOPTED AT PS2 FOR BOTH OIL AND ONGCL CRUDE AS WELL AS AT DIGBOI REFINERY IN RESPECT OF WATER MEASUREMENT.

STEPS TAKEN TO CONTROL LINE LOSS

B. CLOSE SUPERVISION

LAB TESTING AT REFINERY ENDS ARE CARRIED OUT IN PRESENCE OF OIL CHEMISTS

C. CONTROL IN WATER

STRICT CONTROL OF WATER AT INTAKE .

WITH ALL THE ABOVE MEASURES ,A SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN LINE LOSSES HAVE BEEN OBSERVED DURING LAST YEAR AND AS WELL AS FIRST QUARTER OF THE CURRENT YEAR.

YEAR PS1 PS2(OIL)

PS2(ONGCL)

PS3 NRL GHT BRPL BRN

1998-99

3.77 1.24 1.34 1.54 3.14 3.58 3.40 3.19

1999-00

4.50 1.00 1.27 1.63 2.23 4.12 3.79 3.05

2000-01

5.05 1.05 1.37 1.83 5.04 4.97 4.57 4.20

2001-02

3.52 1.14 1.44 1.99 3.42 4.30 4.50 -----

2002-03

1.92 1.60 1.58 1.99 2.15 2.32 2.39 -----

WATER % AT INTAKE AND DEL ENDS

COST DUE TO LINE LOSS(RUPEES)

AMOUNT OF LOSS COSIDERING 3MTPA CRUDE OIL DELIVERY @ Rs. 8000/- PER MT CRUDE AND 0.40%

LINE LOSS IS9.6 CRORES.

LINE LOSS DUE TO WAX DEPOSITION

AV. WAX PS1-RS2 SECTOR=12,000 KG PER YR.

ANNUAL PIGGING =3000 KG.TOTAL WAX =15,000 KG PER YR

LINE LOSS=0.0005%

.

IP74 AND IP 358-DIFFERENCE

IP 74 IS FOR DETERMINATION OF WATER CONTENT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,INCLUDING CRUDE

CARRIER FLUID USED ARE TOLUNE,XYLENE,PETROLEUM DISTILLATE ETC.

REPORTING NEAREST TO 0.1% REPEATABILITY-0.1ml IP358 IS FOR WATER CONTENT IN CRUDE OIL CARRIER FLUID IS XYLENE REPORTABILITY NEAREST TO 0.025 ML REPEATABILITY-0.08 ml MORE ACCURATE

IMPACT OF DENSITY

Assumptions Gross volume of wet crude at tank temperature 10,000 KL Tank temperature 28 deg.C Density of the crude at 15 deg.C 0.8770 0.87800 0.8800 Factor to covert vol at 15 deg C 0.9896 0.9896 0.9897 Gross volume of wet crude at 15deg.C 9896 KL 9896KL 9897KL Factor to convert to mass 0.8759 0.8769 0.8789 Wt. Of wet crude at 15deg.C 8668 T 8678 T 8698

T Variation 10 T 30 T % Variation (0.001) 0.115 0.115

IMPACT OF TEMPERATURE

Assumptions Gross volume of crude oil at tank temperature 10,000kl Average tank temperature 28deg.C 27deg.C

26deg.C Density at 15deg.C 0.8770 Factor to convert volume at 15deg.C 0.9896 0.9904 0.9912 Volume at 15deg.C 9896KL 9904KL

9912KL Factor to convert to mass 0.8759 0.8759 0.8759 Wt. Of wet crude at 15degC 8668 8675 8682 Variation in KL 8KL 8KL Variation in mass 7MT 7MT % In Variation 0.08 0.08