A Study of theBook of Revelation

An Introduction

Symbolism of Numbers - 1

One—Unity Two—Strength Three—Complete & Ordered Whole Four—Comprehensive Completeness Seven—A Sacred Number, Perfection Ten—Human Completeness

Symbolism of Numbers - 2

1000 -- 10x10x10 -- Ultimate Perfection. 144,000 –12x12x12—Religious Number 3 ½ --Contrast to Seven, Trials, Hardships

Broken, Incomplete Period of Time

Six ---Number of Man, Never Perfect 666– Symbolic for Mark of Beast,

Never Reach Perfection of Seven

Introduction To a Study of the

Book of RevelationTitle of BookNature of Apocalyptic LiteratureThe Author, or WriterDate of WritingMethods of InterpretationTheme and Purpose

Introduction To a Study of the

Book of RevelationTitle of Book

The Revelation of Jesus Christ Revelation > Apakalupsis, “to uncover, a laying

bare, making naked” (Thayer, Lexicon). Purpose of Writer is not to cover his message,

but to make it increasingly clear.

Introduction To a Study of the

Book of Revelation

Nature of Apocalyptic Literature Style is generally figurative Symbolism drawn from Biblical writings Attempts to portray unseen world behind action Writer’s name usually pseudonymous

Introduction to the Book of Revelation

The Author, or WriterJohn, the son of Zebedee, an apostle of

Jesus Christ told to write by an angelActual Author: God, who gave revelation

thru Christ thru Angel to John, 1:1-2

Introduction to the Book of Revelation

Date of Writing …Some say prior to AD 70But better to date it during persecution by

Domitian, about 96 AD

Introduction to the Book of Revelation

Methods of InterpretationFuturist – Continuous HistoryPhilosophy of History PreteristHistorical Background

Introduction to the Book of Revelation

Theme and Purpose …Theme: Conflict between God and Satan,

Church and Roman force and paganismMessage: Things are not as they seem;

Christ will be victorious over paganismPurpose: Encourage faithfulness in face of

opposition. Christ will win the victory!

Part 1

The Struggle on EarthChapters 1—11

Christ Among the Churches

1:9 – 3:22

Introduction, 1:1-8Theme: The Revelation of Jesus Christ

Revelation: “an uncovering, making known”A Process of Four Stages:

God Gave It to Christ Christ Signified It to His Angel The Angel gave it to John John wrote it down for the servants of God

Revelation Was Meant to be Understood!

Vision of Triumphant Christ1:9-20

One Like the Son of Man … Long Flowing Robe (Royalty, Dignity) White Hair (Holiness and Purity) Eyes Fire (Penetrating Insight) Feet with the Strength of Brass Voice (Quality Denotes Authority) Sword Keen and Accurate Judgment)

Vision of Triumphant Christ1:12, 18, 20

In Midst of Seven Golden Lampstands Identified at Seven Churches (1:20)

Seven Stars in Right Hand Identified as Angels of Seven Churches

(1:20)

Angel means “messenger. “Letters intended to church sent to be relayed by the “angel” for the benefit of the whole congregation.

Five Distinctive Threats to the Spiritual Life of the Churches

Paganism, Including Emperor Worship Jewish Harassment Immorality,Materialism & Lawlessness Spiritual Weakness Lukewarmness, Indifference, Indecision

Features Common to AllLetters to the Churches

Christ identifies himself, from the VisionChrist knows their works…Commends them for their good worksCondemns them for sinful failuresCounsel, Warns, Exhorts to RepentancePromises Reward to Overcomers“Hear what Spirit says to the churches!.”

Message to Ephesus

I Know your works, labor, patience, and orthodoxy. Hate deeds of Nicolaitans

Persevered, labored, not grown wearyBUT, “You have left your first love.”Remember, Repent, Do First WorksWarning: Else I will remove our lampstandOvercomer Eat of Tree of Life in Paradise

Message to Smyrna

I Know your works, tribulation, poverty (but you are rich), blasphemy by Jews

Exhort: Do not fear things you are about to suffer (some imprisoned), “ten days”

Be Faithful to Death, Receive crown of life

Overcome & Not hurt of second death

Message to Pergamos

I Know you live where Satan’s throne is. You hold My Faith, did not deny name even when Antipas was martyred

BUT, you tolerate teachers of “doctrine of Balaam” allows idolatry and immorality

ALSO have holders of Nicolaitan DoctrineRepent or they suffer sword of My MouthOvercome & get hidden Manna, new stone

Message to Thyatira

I know works, love, service, faith, patience, and last works are more than the first

BUT, you have a Jezebel teaching and beguiling saints to fornication & idolatry

Will cast her into sickbed; kill her childrenChurches to know I search minds & heartsNo other burden on the faithful. Hold Fast!Overcome & be given power over nations

Message to SardisName of being Alive, but You are DeadWatch, strengthen things that remain &

are ready to die. Works not perfect to God Remember how you received & heard and

repent. If not, I will come as a thief…Faithful Few not defiled with sin, shall walk

with Me in white, for they are worthyOvercome, be clothed in white, not blot

name our of Lamb’s book of Life

Message to Philadelphia

Know works. Have open door before you.Have Little Strength, Kept Word, not DenyWill make Synagogue worship before feetKept My Word, I will Keep you from TrialHold Fast What You Have!Overcome: Made pillar in temple of God,

wear name of God & city New Jerusalem, and wear My new name.”

Message to Laodicea

Know works, Neither hot or cold; will spew lukewarm out of mouth (nauseates Christ)!

Say rich, wealthy, need nothing; not know wretched, miserable, poor, blind, naked.

Counsel to buy from Me to be rich, clothed and enabled to see

I rebuke and chasten those I loveOpen door and let Me in.Overcome & sit with Me in My throne

The Throne and the Sealed Scroll

Rev. Chapters 4 –7

The Throne Occupant

His Appearance: Impressive, MajesticAn Emerald Green Rainbow HaloSurrounded by A Council of 24 EldersAnd Four Living CreaturesSights and Sounds

Seven Lamps of Fire (Seven Spirits of God) A Sea of Glass, Like Crystal, Before Throne

Purpose of the Vision

Throne = The Spiritual Center of Universe

True Insight into History Gained when All Things Viewed from Standpoint of Throne

“Jehovah reigns; let the people tremble! He sits above the cherubim, let the earth be moved” (Psalm 99:1).

The Lamb Takes Scroll

Scroll Held by Throne Occupant.Written Inside and OutSealed with Seven Seals (Could Not Be

Read Until All Seals Removed)Search for ONE Worthy to Take and Open

the ScrollOnly the LAMB Found Worthy to Open

Scroll

Praise to the Lamb From Four Living Creatures and 24 Elders All

Have Harps of Praise, Golden Bowls of Incense Represent Prayers of Saints

New Song: “You are worthy to take the scroll and to open its seals; for You were slain and have Redeemed Us to God by Your Blood out of every Tribe and Tongue and people and nation, and have made us kings and priests to our God, and we shall reign on the earth” (5:9-10).

More Praise to the Lamb

By Large Host of Angels:• “Worthy is the Lamb who was slain to receive

power and riches and wisdom and strength and honor and blessing” (5:12).

By Every Creature Under Heaven:• “Blessing and honor and glory and power be to

Him who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb, forever and ever” (5:13).

Opening the First Seal

A Rider on a White Horse Appears With a Bow, And a Crown (Stephanos, Victor’s Crown) Going Out Conquering and to Conquer

Symbolizing Conquering Military Power

Opening the Second Seal

A Fiery Red Horse Appears

Has a Great Sword

Rider Permitted to Take Peace from Earth, and that People should kill one another.

Red, the Color of Blood, Symbolizing Warfare (Probably Civil, not conquest or persecution)

Opening the Third Seal

Rider on Black Horse, with a Pair of Scales in His Hand.

Voice Describes Inflated Price for Wheat and Barley, and a Prohibition from hurting oil and wine (6:54-6).

Black, Color of Famine; Food Scarce, Luxuries Available If One has the Price.

Opening Fourth Seal

Rider on Pale Horse, Named Death, and Hades Followed After Him.

Power Given to Him Over Earth to Kill with Sword, with Hunger, with Death, and by Beasts of Field.

Symbolizing Death in an Unstable Society

Opening Fifth Seal

Under the Altar, Souls Slain for the Word of God and for the Testimony They Held.

Martyrs Cry: “How Long, O Lord, Holy and True, Until You Judge and Avenge our Blood on Those who Dwell on the Earth?”

White Robe Given; Were Told “Rest a Little Longer, until Number of others to be Killed Were Completed.”

Opening Sixth Seal

Cosmic Disturbances…Heaven’s Response to the Cry of the Martyrs.

Kings of Earth, Great Men, Rich Men, the Commanders, Mighty Men, Slave and Free Try to Hide from Wrath of the Lamb!

Remember: Day of Wrath on Enemies will be Day of Deliverance for God’s People!

Interlude Before Seventh SealWinds of Destruction Held Back

1. The Sealing of the 144,000, Represent all of God’s People—His True People

2. Vision of the Great Multitude Out of All Nations, Tribes, Peoples, and Tongues.

Identified as “the Ones who came out of the great Tribulation,” already victorious, God among them Supplies Every Need.

The 144,000 and Great MultitudeBoth Groups the Same

In Vs. 1-8, They are Sealed and Safe. Under God’s Protection they are not Delivered From, but Through the Judgments on the Earth.

In Vs. 9-17, They are Seen After They Come out of Tribulation. Posses, Peace, Joy And Victory. Every want Supplied, Every Need Fulfilled.

Concluding Thought

The Two Visions Together Give the Most Complete Picture of the Security of God’s People before the Judgment Portrayed in Chapter 6.

“Who Is Able to Stand?”

Here Is the Answer

Trumpets of Judgment

Revelation

Chapters 8 – 11

Opening the Seventh Seal

Dramatic Silence, Calm Before StormJohn Sees 7 Angels with 7 TrumpetsAnother Angel at Incense Altar to Offer with the

Prayers of the SaintsSmoke of Incense and Prayers Ascended before

GodMeaning: Prayer of Saints Affects Course of

History!

All Seven Seals Now OpenedThe Sealed Book Can Now Be Read

But no Final Judgment on those in 6:14-17

God Has No Delight in Death of Wicked (Ezek. 33:11).

He Is Longsuffering (2 Peter 3:9).

Purpose of TrumpetsNumbers 10

To Call An Assembly (Num. 10:1-3)

To Direct Movement of Camp (10:4-8)

To Call to Celebrate Festivals (10:10)

To Sound Alarm in Time of War (10:9)

– See also Ezekiel 33; Amos 3:6; Hos. 5:8; and Joel 2:15.

Trumpets of WarningLike the Seals, Trumpets are divided into

two groups – four in one, three in other

First Four introduce disasters that fall only on the natural world, not human life

In the Last Three, the physical and spiritual lives of men are involved

Sounding of First Trumpet

Hail & Fire, Mingled with Blood thrown to the earth Series of disasters similar to Plagues in Egypt Same Figures in Ezek. 38:22 & Joel, chs. 2-4 Only 1/3 of earth affected; Not Final JudgmentDo not look for literal or specific physical event

in history. Picture symbolic of ominous appearance of divine wrath against evil men. The worldly should take notice!

Sounding of Second Trumpet

Great Mountain Burning with Fire Cast Into the Sea 1/3 of sea became blood; 1/3 creatures

destroyed; 1/3 of ships destroyed Imagine Volcanic Eruption and its aftermath “Mountain” probably refers to a Government

(cf. Jer. 51:25, 42). “Sea” = restless sea of society; seriously

affected by fall of the great government

Sounding of Third Trumpet

Great Star, “Wormwood,” Fell on 1/3 of Inland Waters Suggests Fall of Great Earthly Ruler. Isaiah

used Figure of King of Babylon (14:12) Wormwood, a bitter wood. Idolatry would bear

fruit of wormwood (Deut. 29:18) Fall of Wormwood caused 1/3 of Inland

waters to become bitter, charged with trouble, sorrow and death

Sounding of Fourth Trumpet

1/3 of Sun, Moon, Stars Darkened; 1/3 Day Darkened and 1/3 of Night also Reminds of 9th Plague in Egypt; Complete

darkness in Land, light in Israelite homes OT: Removal of heavenly bodies symbolized

judgment from God (Isa. 13:1-10; Amos 8:9) Ezekiel lamenting fall of Pharaoh: “I will

put out your light, cover heavens, make stars dark; bring darkness on land” (32:7-8).

Three Woes to Come

John saw an Eagle, not Angel, flying thru heaven, loudly

announcing three woes to follow sounding of other three

trumpets (9:1)

Sounding of Fifth TrumpetA Star fell from heaven, was given key to the

bottomless pit. Plague of Locusts loosed on the earth, power to hurt those without the seal of God on their heads Star not identified. Satan as fallen angel? Key is symbol of power. Key given to this one. Bottomless Pit, infernal regions to which demons

were consigned (Luke 8:31); source of persecutions (11:7; 17:8).

Plague of “Locusts”Locusts typical harbingers of evil (cf.

Joel 1:4-ff.). No Ordinary Locust. Don’t Eat Vegetation Hurt men, not kill, limited period of time Power as scorpions, Painful Stings Beautiful Appearance holds out promise of

pleasure and victory, but Iron Teeth King over them named Abaddon

(Destruction) & (Apollyon) Destroyer

Application of Locust SymbolInternal decadence of Roman Empire made it so

weak. Would crumble from within.Devil holds out great promise to those who will

sell their souls to him, but sin not worth price!Wicked may appear to prosper, but their

pleasure is short-lived (Heb. 11:25)Satan says, “Sin will be your servant,” but

ultimately it will become one’s master.

Sounding of Sixth TrumpetVoice: “Release Four Angels Bound at the River

Euphrates” (13:14). Voice from Four Horns of Altar Euphrates boundary between Rome & Parthia Symbolize God’s forces of vengeance held in

restraint until God determined to release them John hears number. Cavalry of 200,000,000 Symbol of external invasion, as instrument in God’s

hands to punish oppressors of His people

Warnings Ignored

“Woes” symbolize God’s tools for avenging suffering of His people

Natural Calamities, Internal Rottenness and External Invasion would fall of pagan Rome

But, in spite of calamities upon 1/3 of mankind (without seal of God on forehead), the rest did not repent of their works!

Interlude Before 7th TrumpetMighty Angel with “Little Book” stood on Land

and on Sea (10:1-ff.) Book Open. It is not a mystery! Seven Thunders, unexplained; Cannot Know All

forces that determine the future (cf. Deut. 29:29). Swore “No More Delay”– Mystery to be Finished! Eat Scroll – Sweet taste, stomach bitter. Word of God Sweet, but no pleasure to Preach

condemnation upon the wicked!

Vision of the Two WitnessesJohn to Measure Temple, Altar, and Worshipers

Not Measure Court of Gentiles Gentiles Trample City 42 months Two Faithful Witnesses Finish their Testimony Beast out of Abyss makes War, Kills them Nations rejoice over dead bodies for 3 ½ Days Breath of Life from God raised them to Heaven

The Second Woe is Past!

Sounding of 7th TrumpetVoices in Heaven: “The Kingdoms of this world

have become the kingdoms of our Lord and His Christ, and He shall reign forever.”

24 Elders Fell on Faces and Worshiped GodTemple of God opened in Heaven, Ark of

Covenant Seen in His temple. Nothing Hidden.Lightnings, Noises, Thunderings, and an

Earthquake and Great Hail” – Divine Activity Demonstrated!

Part 2

A Great Spiritual Conflict

The Dragon vs. the Woman and Her Children

Chapters 12-14

“Sign” of the Radiant WomanA “Sign” from Heaven always conveys spiritual

truth from God – beyond what is merely seen

– Radiant, Clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet – (Beauty, Glory, Exaltation)

– A garland (stephanos, a victory crown) of 12 stars on her head – (cf. 12 patriarchs)

– Seen in process of giving birth

Who Is the Woman?

The Virgin Mary? If so, who are “the rest of her children”?

The Church? Question: Did the church give birth to Christ? cf. Matt. 16:18

The Spiritual Remnant of Israel? This is best idea. Messiah to be “seed of woman” and “bruise serpent’s head” (Gen. 3:15)

Symbolism from OTFigure of childbirth used by Isaiah and Micah

(Isa. 26:17-18; 66:7-11; Mic. 4:10)

Continuity between faithful remnant under both Old and New Covenants (cf. Anna, Luke 2:25-28; Elizabeth & Mary)

The “rest of her seed” keep the commandments of God and have the testimony of Jesus Christ

The Male Child

Christ was “born of woman” (Gal. 4:4).

To rule the nations with a rod of iron (vs.5, cf. Psalm 2:9; Rev. 2:27; 19:15).

Christ “caught up to God and His throne” at His ascension (12:5; Acts 1:9-11).

The “Sign” of the Dragon

Clearly identified – “that Serpent of old, the Devil and Satan”

Attempted to Destroy Child at Birth (Used Herod in the effort (Matt. 2:13-18)

Failing at that, he goes after “the rest of her seed” (vs. 17)

We must not underestimate the strength and ability of Satan (Eph. 6:10; 1 Pet. 5:8).

Woman Fled Into WildernessWilderness, a place prepared by God,

to be protected and nourished. Moses fled from Pharaoh (Ex. 2:11-ff.) Israel’s fed manna in W. (Deut. 8:3, 16) Elijah fed by ravens (1 Kings 17:1-7) Elijah fled from Jezebel (1 Kings 19:1-ff.) God’s spiritual remnant will not starve in the

wilderness, but be protected and provided for!

War in HeavenDragon and his angels vs. Michael and his

angels. Dragon loses … is cast out Scene shows Devil is not invincible

Voice in Heaven Declares Victory God’s prophetic word is now fulfilled

The Faithful Overcame by Thee Means(1) the blood of the Lamb, (2) the word of their

testimony, (3) the spirit of martyrdom

War On EarthDevil Attempts to Persecute the WomanShe flies into Wilderness, is protectedSerpent tries to drown with flood (of lies)Earth swallowed the floodEnraged, dragon went to “make war with

the rest of her offspring” Chapter explains why saints are subject to

furious attacks from Devil and his agents

Two Allies of the DragonFirst Beast arose from sea — had 7

heads, 10 horns, blasphemous names on 10 crowns (diadems), like dragon

Second Beast arose out of the earth – Had two horns like lamb; spoke like dragon, exercised all authority of first beast, causes men on earth to worship the first beast

The Beast Out of the SeaBeast had seven heads, ten horns,

blasphemous names on ten crowns (diadems), like dragon HEADS symbolic of wisdom, or durability, as though

plans are holy and sacred like God’s HORNS symbolize great power; men to submit to it DIADEMS symbolizing claim to royal power BLASPHEMOUS NAMES, speaking against God,

shows arrogant attitude toward spiritual things.

Beast out of Sea, cont.“OUT OF THE SEA” – Ancient world saw

the sea as mysterious and evil place Symbolizes the source of destructive forces,

the restless turmoil of an evil societyBEAST like leopard, feet like bear,

mouth like lion. Dragon gave his power, throne and great authority. Granted Power to make war to all who were

not written in Lamb’s book of Life

The Beast out of EarthHad Two Horns Like Lamb, but Spoke

Like a Dragon…

Outward appearance as Lamb, but voice betrays him: “He spoke like a dragon.”

Exercises all authority of first beast.

Causes the earth to worship the first beast

Perform great signs, deceives earth dwellers

Beast out of Earth, cont.Had Two Horns Like Lamb, but Spoke

Like a Dragon… Power to give breath to image of first beast,

enabling it to speak Cause those who would not worship image of

beast to be killed Causes all to receive mark on forehead (“the

mark of the beast”). None could buy or sell without mark or number of his name

666 – The Number of Man“Here is wisdom. Let him who has

understanding calculate the number of the beast; it is the number of a man… Nero? Translate Greek to Aramaic, not likely Latin Church? Didn’t exist in First Century Hitler, Stalin, or another notorious character? Sibylline Oracle used 888 as symbol for Jesus;

666 falls short of the perfect number 777; it can never be more than MAN!

Interlude: Visions of TriumphRev. 14:1-5

Vision of 144,000 with Lamb on Mt. Zion, having Father’s name on their foreheads There were virgins, not literal celibacy but symbolic

of spiritual chastity (1 John 5:21) They follow Lamb wherever He goes They were redeemed from among men No guile found in their mouth, for they were without

fault before throne of God

Interlude: Visions of TriumphRev. 14:6-11

• A Succession of Three Angels Proclaim Judgment on Babylon, Triumph of Evil Is Short-Lived First Angel has the Everlasting Gospel, and

calls everyone to worship of our Creator God Second Angel announces fall of Babylon Third Angel warns that “the wrath of God will

be poured out full strength on those with mark of the beast”

The Patience of the SaintsRev. 14:12-13

Contrast in plight of wicked and the fate of the righteous is the “patience of the saints” “In your patience you will win your souls”

(Luke 21:19 Persecutors may kill body, but not soul (Matt.

10:28). Christian can face triumphantly face persecution and death…

“Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on, that they may rest from their labors, and their works follow them” (vs. 13).

The Harvest JudgmentRev. 14:14-20

Vision of Christ on White Cloud, Wearing Golden Crown, holding a Sharp Sickle.

Angel out of Temple (naos, sanctuary), and an Angel from the Altar says, “Thrust in Your Sickle & Reap, for the harvest of the earth is ripe.”

Earth is reaped; clusters thrown into the winepress of the wrath of God

Blood out of Winepress

1,600 Furlongs = 184 miles. Jordan Valley is only 102 miles; so cannot be literal!

Significance is in No. 4, the earth number. [4 x 4] times [10 times 10] = 1,600. Thus, represents total and complete judgment

This judgment in course of history. Roman Empire & its pagan culture to come to end

Major Points of This Section

• Ch. 12 – a great struggle between Satan and the People of God

• Ch. 13 – two allies enlisted by Satan in opposition to God’s plan – the ungodly Roman State and its Pagan Priesthood

• Ch. 14 – Interlude. Christians have reason for hope. Their enemies will eventually face the wrath of God. Be Steadfast!

Pouring Out Bowls of Wrath

Rev. 16:1-21

The Seven Bowls of WrathRevelation, chs. 15–16

Seven angels with seven bowls of wrath: a “sign” of final judgment

(in time) upon the dragon and his allies (cf. 15:1 and 11:19)

Preparatory Vision, 15:1-4Angels have seven last plagues, for in

them the wrath of God is complete (1)

Sea of glass, martyred [now victorious] saints stand on, with harps in their hands

Sing Song of Moses and of the Lamb: a song of deliverance, praise God (Ex. 15).“All nations shall come and worship before

You.” This is not the end of history!

Preparatory Vision, 16:5-8Seven Angels, with plagues, come out of

the open temple; bowls distributed to them Ref. to temple shows judgments come from

God, the same source as His righteous laws Bowls are “full of the wrath of God.” No man

can defy God’s wrath with impunity. Smoke filled temple, as at Tabernacle (Ex.40) No one enter temple, shows nothing can stop

judgments. God’s patience has run out!

The First Bowl, 16:1-2Poured out upon the earth, resulting in “a

foul and loathsome sore” on all having mark of beast and worshiped his imageThink of 6th plague in Egypt (Ex. 9:10). A similar

plague mentioned in Deut. 28:35Think of virulent sores in the whole social,

economic, educational, political world where anti-Christian power rules…one result of outbreaks of inner rottenness and foulness (Lenski, 466)

The Second Bowl, 16:3

Poured out on the sea. It became blood as of a dead man. Every sea creature died

If “Sea” represents troubled society, it suggests complete dissolution of emperor-beast and his subject (Foy E. Wallace, 339).

“It represents the “utter putrification of a dead society” (Hailey, 329).

The Third Bowl, 16:4-7Poured out on Rivers and Springs, and

they became blood Reminds us of First Plague in Egypt (Ex. 7)

but Egyptians could dig for water; none here Judgment because “they have shed the blood

of saints and prophets” It is just that they be given blood to drink

Voice from Altar says, “true and righteous are your judgments.”

The Fourth Bowl, 16:8-9Poured out on the sun, and power given to

scorch men with fire Unlike Ninth Plague in Egypt [(3 days dark]

and Fourth Trumpet [no light for 1/3 day], the blazing sun scorched men with heat

Sun, whose light is essential to life one earth, becomes instrument of judgment! Talk about Global Warming!

Yet, “they did not repent and give Him glory.”

The Fifth Bowl, 16:10-11Poured out on the throne of the beast, and

his kingdom became full of darkness

Reminds us of the Ninth Plague in Egypt. Says the very seat and center of empire was plunged into darkness. Symbolic, not literal.

Still, as before, the pagan world “blasphemed the God of heaven because of their pains an sores, and did not repent”

The Sixth Bowl, 16:12-15Poured out on the River Euphrates; its

water dried up, preparing the way for kings of the east Euphrates: eastern border of Roman Empire Barrier against foreign invasion removed (cf.

Jer. 50:38; Isa. 13;17-20); there is nothing to protect the Roman Empire from outside forces

Three unclean spirits like frogs, out of mouths of the dragon, beast, and false prophet

Three Unclean Spirits, 15:13-14

Coming out of the mouths of the dragon, the beast and the false prophet (vs. 13). First time beast of earth called false prophet;

key to understanding figure in ch. 13. “Out of mouths” indicates some form of evil

propaganda, proceeding from the devil, godless government and false religion

Their purpose is to enlist the world in defense of the paganistic Roman system

Armageddon, 16:16Refers to strategic pass near Mt. Megiddo,

where many battles had been fought Deborah & Barak defeated Sisera (Judg. 4-5) Philistines defeated Saul (1 Sam. 31:1-6). Jehu slew Ahaziah of Judah (2 Kings 9:27) Josiah killed by Pharoah Necho (2 Kgs. 23)Symbolic of Great Decisive Battle between army

of Satan and forces of God. Symbolic Battle resulting in overthrow of Roman Empire

The Seventh Bowl, 16:17-21Poured out into the air; loud voice out of

temple proclaims: "It is done!” “Into the air” suggests God’s wrath poured out

on whole sphere of Satan’s operation (Hailey) “Noises, thunderings, lightnings, earthquake”

shows this is the work of Almighty God! Babylon divided, Nations fell; City remember-

ed before God, given cup of His fierce WrathStill not final judgment. Men blasphemed God

Judgment on the Harlot Babylon

Rev. 17:1 – 19:10

Great Harlot Described, 17:1-6A Great City, that “reigns over the kings of

the earth” (vs. 1, 18).Composite of other harlot cities of the OT

Nineveh, a harlot of conquest (Nahum 3:1, 4) Tyre, a harlot of commerce (Isa. 23:15-17). Babylon, mistress of pleasure (Isa. 47:5-15) Jerusalem, “the faithful city, became a harlot”

(Isa. 1:21; Jer. 2:20; Hos. 9:1) was religious

Great Harlot Described, cont.“Many waters” (1) identified as “peoples,

multitudes, nations and tongues” (vs. 15).

“Kings of earth” that committed fornication with her (15) were rulers who had participated in her political, economic, cultural, and religious affairs

“Inhabitants of earth” were made drunk with the wine of her fornication (2)

Great Harlot Described, cont.Description of harlot symbolically

portrays traits of her character

Sits on a scarlet beast with blasphemous names, ten heads and ten horns (3), equates her with sea-beast (13:1) with color of the dragon (12:3). City is supported by dragon!

Beautifully Arrayed, outwardly attractive and appealing to materialistic minds

Great Harlot Described, cont.Description of harlot symbolically

portrays traits of her character Holds golden cup,” suggesting luxury and

wealth, but filled with filthiness of her sin (4)

Character displayed by her name: “Mystery, Babylon the Great, Mother of Harlots and of the Abominations of the Earth (5)

Drunk, not with wine, but with blood of the saints and martyrs of Jesus (6)

John Amazed by VisionAngel Explains Mystery of Harlot

The Beast, “was, an is not, and will ascend out of the abyss and go to perdition” (9).

One head of beast suffered mortal blow and recovered (13:3). Nero Redivivus Myth??

Better viewed symbolically. World empires rise and fall. Regardless of latest incarnation of evil, it is designed to go to perdition (8a)

Earth dwellers [not Christians] will marvel when they see the incarnation of the beast.

Mysteries of Harlot ExplainedSeven Heads said to symbolize two things

Seven Mountains – Rome built on seven hills Seven Kings: Five fallen, one is, one to come Beast that was, and is not, is the eighth king,

but of the seven and is going into perdition. Some try to correlate to Roman emperors Better: Seven symbol for complete line Imperial line shortly to be replaced by # 8

Mysteries of Harlot ExplainedTen Horns symbolically represent Ten

Kings without independent power, Have temporary authority with the beast (12) Ten – Symbolic of fullness of power Kings represent subject-rulers over provinces

who had power for one hour with the beast They “make war with the Lamb” and He will

overcome them (14). God’s faithful assured that the Lamb will be victorious over them!

Mysteries of Harlot ExplainedSubject-Rulers will turn on harlot and

make war with her (17:15-17).God purposed they be of one mind with

beast until they had served His purpose – “until the words of God are fulfilled.” Book of Acts, and Secular History, shows

Rome feared insurrections and revolutions She allowed vassal-kings (cf. Herods) to have

power so long as they kept “Roman Peace.”

THE FALL OF BABYLON

Foreshadowed in Rev. 14:8 and 16:19; OT language applied to Rome of John’s day.

Angel from heaven announces fall (18:1-2)

Like old Babylon, Rome to be desolate

Reasons for fall: Evil influences on nations Merchants became rich; supplied her luxuries

Kings of earth committed spiritual fornication

“Come Out of Her, My People”

Angel calls God’s people out of Babylon to escape the coming plagues (4-5, 7-8) Lot called out of Sodom (Gen. 19:12, 27) God’s people to leave Babylon (Isa. 52:11;

Jer. 51:45). “Come out from among them and be

separate” (2 Cor. 6:17-7:1) Why? “Her sins have reached to heaven, and

God has remembered her iniquities” (5)

Earth Mourns Babylon’s FallKings of the earth, who once stood with

Rome, now stand at a distance and weep. “In one hour” judgment has come (9-10)

Merchants lament, not because of love for Rome, but for their financial loss (11-17a)

Shipmasters and sailors lament because of the loss of business (17b-19)

A Call for Rejoicing

“Rejoice over her, O heaven, and you holy apostles and prophets, for God has avenged you on her!” (18:20).

In 11:10, the people of earth rejoiced over death of the two witnesses; it is now time for heaven, apostles & prophets to rejoice

In 6:9-11, martyrs asked how long. Now judgment is come on their persecutors

Fall Graphically Depicted (21-24)

Millstone thrown into sea – object lesson, symbolizing violent overthrow of Rome. Sinking stone symbolized “she shall not be found any more” (cf. Jer. 51:61-64).

Result of fall – Silence prevails (22); no lights and no wedding celebrations (23)

Two Reasons Pictured (23-24) She had deceived merchants by her sorcery Much “innocent blood” was found in her

Rejoicing In Heaven19:1-10

Great Multitude in heaven praise God “Salvation and glory and honor and power to

the Lord, our God” (1) Rightly attributed to Him because of His True

and Righteous Judgments on the Harlot. (2) Another Refrain: “ Alleluia! And her smoke rises up forever and

ever” (3) 24 Elders and Four living creatures join in

saying, “Amen! Alleluia!” (4)

Rejoicing In Heaven, cont.A Voice from throne calls on “all you His

servants and those who fear Him, both great and small” to praise God (5) John heard “the voice of a great multitude, as

the sound of many waters and mighty thunderings, saying “Alleluia! For the Lord God Omnipotent reigns!” (6)

Rejoicing is proper. The Lamb’s bride has made herself ready by saints’ righteous deeds

John’s Reaction to the SceneHe falls down to worship the angel, who

said, “See that you do not do that! I am your fellow servant and of your brethren, who have the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! (10a).

Identity of speaker unimportant. What he said is important: Worship God! He alone is worthy of worship (cf. Matt. 4:10).

Conclusion“The Testimony of Jesus is the testimony

of prophecy (10b).The whole spirit of prophecy was to glorify

Jesus Christ and His work, not to draw attention to angels (cf. Heb. 1:14).

The vision a message of encouragement. Rome’s paganism and persecutions would be avenged by our God. The Rome of today is not the Rome of the first century!

Complete and Final Victory

Rev. 19:11 – 22:27

Rider on White HorseDescription makes it clear that this can be

none other than Christ Himself (19:11-16) White Horse, denotes victory (11)

Faithful and True, describes character (11)

Righteousness, way He makes judgment and wages war (11).

Eyes like flame of fire, burning penetration into hearts, not judge by appearances (12)

Rider on White Horse, #2Description makes it clear that this can be

none other than Christ Himself (19:11-16) Many crowns, symbol of all authority (12)

Had name known only to Himself, (12). “How unsearchable are His judgments, and His ways past finding out?” (Rom. 11:33)

Clothed with robe dipped in blood (13).

Name “the Word of God” (13). See 1:1, 14.

Rider on White Horse, #3Description makes it clear that this can be

none other than Christ Himself (19:11-16) Leads armies of heaven, pictured in garments

of victory, also on white horses (14)

Sharp sword goes out of His mouth; Strikes the nations; He rules with rod of iron (15).

He treads winepress of the fierceness and wrath of the Almighty God (15; cf. Isa. 63:1-6)

Name: King of Kings; Lord of Lords (16)

Lone Angel Calls for Vultures Gather for “Great Supper of God” (17).

Victory over kings, captains, mighty men, etc. announced before carnage begins (18)

Beast, kings of earth and their armies gather to make war against Him and His army (19)

Consequence: Beast captured, with false prophet who deceived people into receiving mark of beast; both cast into lake of fire (20).

Armageddon is never described; only the results announced!

“The Battle of Armageddon”Futurists’ View– Literal battle against the

Antichrist and his armies. Defeat leads to Millennial Reign of Christ on earth.

Continuous History – Beast is Roman Catholic Church. Armageddon still future.

Proper Interpretation of Revelation must start with historical setting. What was John telling persecuted saints in 95 AD?

Armageddon Is Symbolic Armageddon not a literal place, but is symbolic

for a decisive battle Christ coming out of heaven is not Second

Coming, but a coming in aid of the persecuted saints

Casting Beast and False Prophet into Lake of Fire symbolic of victory over pagan Rome’s persecuting power.

With persecutors defeated, Christian are no more bothered with them

Victory Over the Dragon• Satan’s enemies are defeated, but master

enemy must now be dealt with (20:1-10) The chief subject in this section is NOT the

1,000 years, but what happens to the saints! Angel chains “the dragon, that serpent of old,

who is the Devil and Satan, and bound him for 1,000 years (1-2).

He was cast into pit, sealed, “so he should no more deceive the nations (3)

Binding of SatanBinding of Satan is symbolism.

Truth is being made known thru symbolism Key, in Satan’s hand in 9:1-3, now in hand of

angel, a servant of Almighty God, symbolizes power to bind. It is no literal key!

Chain symbolizes that by which he is bound. Spirits are not bound by literal chains.

Binding indicates Satan effectively stopped from involving nations in emperor worship.

Thousand Years Is Symbolic1,000 years no more literal than the chain.

Binding Satan for 1,000 years contrasted with the period of the martyrs (3 ½ years), and the devil knew he “has but a short time” (12:12)

Numbers in Revelation are Symbolic. “Ten” is complete number; “One thousand” is ten to third power. Think “symbol of completeness.”

Devil not completely powerless today (1 Peter 5:8), but activity is limited like dog on chain.

Vision of Martyrs on ThronesMartyrs no longer under the altar (6:11);

now on thrones, reigning 1,000 years (4). Their triumph is called “first resurrection” (5). Second death no power over them (6) Cf. giving life to dry bones (Ezek 37:1-14) Cause for which martyrs died symbolized by a

resurrection (19:21) Cause of those slain by Christ experience

resurrection when Satan released (20:3, 7-9)

Satan Released, Leads Rebellion

Satan Released, goes to deceive nations, Gog and Magog, to battle against “saints and beloved city” (7-9) Gog and Magog, symbols from Ezek. 38–39,

lead army, take spoils, until Messianic period, but would be utterly destroyed (ch. 39)

Rather than literal battle, symbolizes a moral and spiritual conflict. Satan uses all manner of evil to win hearts and souls of people

Final Judgment, 20:11-15Same judgment as “sheep and goats” of

Matt. 25. Only final judgment, and separa-tion of the followers of Satan and Christ The Judge. All “stand before God” (12), but

“all judgment given to Son” (John 5:22) Christ to be on throne of judgment (Matt.

25:32-ff.; 2 Cor. 5:10; cf. Rev. 3:21; 22:1). All Dead judged by opened books according

to their works (14-15)

Picture of Defeat CompleteSatan and his forces have been defeated

and cast into Lake of Fire (14-15)

The Harlot, Babylon, the Beast and the False Prophet, Satan, and even Death and Hades, which served Satan’s purpose have all been cast into the fire

A Great encouragement to Faithfulness!

New Heavens and New EarthSection pictures saints enjoying fellowship

with God; complete security in the holy city, with every need supplied. Two inter-pretations have been suggested (21:1-2) City is victorious church as God considers it

today, purged and purified thru tribulation.

John is given vision of saints in heaven after Day of Judgment. Three aspects of final destiny: its fellowship, protection, provisions.

The Holy City, New Jerusalem New (kainos) – indicates new in kind, “a different

nature from what is called “old.” Isaiah’s new heaven & earth (65:17; 66:22)

refers to new dispensation under Christ. Peter, under Christ, speaks of new heaven and

earth yet to come (2 Peter 3:7-13).

The Jerusalem above (Gal. 4:26) City whose builder and maker is God (Heb.

11:10), and abiding city to come *(Heb. 13:14)

Clue to Interpreting SceneVoice from heaven provides clue: “Behold

the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them and they shall be His people, and God Himself will be with them and be their God” (3) God’s people dwell in His presence; every

cause for sorrow removed (4) The faithful will dwell in presence of God and

drink from “fountain of water of life freely” (6)

Who Will NOT Reside There?“The cowardly, unbelieving, abominable,

murderers, sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars” will have no home there.

They “shall have their part in the lake of fire which burns with fire and brimstone, which is the second death” (8).

The Bride, the Lamb’s Wife• Invited to see the Lamb’s wife, John sees

“the great city, the holy Jerusalem…having the glory of God (22:9-ff.). Imagine Scene!– Great High Wall, 12 gates, 12 angels at gates

bearing names of 12 tribes of Israel ( # 12 ! )– Perfectly square, 12 courses of gems as the

foundation; gates of pearl, streets of gold…– No temple there! God & the Lamb its temple!

The Bride, the Lamb’s Wife #2Invited to see the Lamb’s wife, John sees

“the great city, the holy Jerusalem…having the glory of God (22:9-ff.). Imagine Scene! Nothing that defiles will be there (21:27) Only those whose names in Book of Life. River of Life, sustains God’s people Servants of God faithfully served Him through

trials; joyfully serve Him in Paradise!

Concluding Assurances

Words are Faithful and True. God’s people can depend on truth herein revealed (22:6)

Fulfillment will soon follow (6-7)

John testifies he Saw and Heard (8)

Book not to be sealed (10; cf. Dan.12:4, 9)

Judgment is imminent! (20)

Come! The Great Invitation (17).

Message for Us Today

Christ Knows Our Works

He Knows Our Circumstances

He Condemns Our Failures

He Approves Our Good Qualities

He Is Worthy Of Our Adoration, Praise and Faithful Obedience to His Will

Slides Prepared by

James E. Cooper

for Presentation at

Warfield Blvd., Clarksville,TN

March 18-23, 2007