A study of mechanical drawing to determine a suitable

University of Massachusetts Amherst University of Massachusetts Amherst

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Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014

1940

A study of mechanical drawing to determine a suitable sequence A study of mechanical drawing to determine a suitable sequence

of subject matter offerings with the stressed objective of of subject matter offerings with the stressed objective of

maintaining a proper "simplicity to complexity" relationship of maintaining a proper "simplicity to complexity" relationship of

included material. included material.

Vincent P. Mango University of Massachusetts Amherst

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* UMASS/AMHERST 4

I] I 111 111 III 111 Mil III 312066 0306 7637 7

FIVE COLLEGE DEPOSITORY

a c:' l V L. ) UDY O) Ml Cl IAN1CAL. DRAWING TO DETERMINE

A 8U1TAPI.L SLQIJI NCI! OP SUBJECT MATTER OFFERINGS

WITH 1 III S'I RLSSLD OBJECTIVE OF MAINTAINING

A PROPER '‘SIMPLICITY TO COMPLEXITY" RELATIONSHIP

OF INCLUDED MATERIAL

MANGO - 10 40

ARCHIVE THESIS-

M 1940 ' M277

A STUDY OF MECHANICAL DRAWING

TO DETERMINE

A SUITABLE SEQUENCE OF SUBJECT MATTER OFFERINGS

WITH THE STRESSED OBJECTIVE OF MAINTAINING

A PROPER "SIMPLICITY TO COMPLEXITY" RELATIONSHIP

OF INCLUDED MATERIAL

by

Vincent P. Mango

Problem Submitted for Degree of Master of Science

Massachusetts State College, Amherst

1940

INDEX

Introduction . 1

History of Mechanical Drawing . 4

Objectives of Mechanical Drawing . 8

Syllabus Report of the Mechanical Drawing Assoc¬

iation of New England • 9

My Report.12

1. Outline of Course of Study . ..12

2. Enlargement of Units Included . 13

3. Reasons for Sequence Selected . 35

Contemporary Reports and Opinions .. . 40

1. Clemens Nicholas ..41

2. William E. 0fConner ..42

3. Robert M. Whiting.43

4. Chester L. Thorndike ..44

5. Harry Blodgett.47

6. Michael O’Malley ..48

7. G. Fred Ensworth.49

8. George Ludwig.50

9. J. Lowell Williams.51

10. Washington Irving Evening H igh School • • 52

Summary and Conclusions ...54

Additional Pertinent Information . 58

1. Reproduction Processes . *59

2. Correlation.61

3. Visual Aids.63

4. Scholarships and Awards ...... . 65

Bibliography ••••••• . 66

1. Mechanical Drawing Proper . 67

2. Mechanical Drawing Applications . 77

3. Miscellaneous. 91

Acknowledgments 99

MECHANICAL DRAWING - INTRODUCTORY

Having had 400 hours of Mechanical Drawing in the West-

field High School and a similar amount while a student at

the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the author feels

himself quite qualified from the view point of a learner to

express himself as follows in this report. Also, the au¬

thor has had nearly seven years of experience in contact

with the drafting procedures of both private and govern¬

mental agencies; thus, satisfying the qualifications at¬

tributable to a practitioner. In addition to the above,

the author has been engaged for the past two years at the

Westfield High School as instructor of Mechanical Drawing;

consequently, satisfying a third role as that of a teacher.

During the time that the author was acquiring the above

mentioned training and experience, he occasionally found

himself thinking about the possibility of deriving a stan¬

dard course of study for Mechanical Drawing. That this

might prove to be a feasible undertaking did not begin to

become aoparent until he became interested in the work of

the Mechanical Drawing Association of New England; espec¬

ially the contributions of the Syllabus, Standards and

Publications Committees.

Doubtlessly, as in the case of other courses of study,

many problems are bound to arise which can be satisfied

2

only through the means of balanced compromise. Some of

these problems are of this nature; allotment of time; in¬

clusion or exclusion of recitation periods, provisions for

outside study, appropriation and selection of materials,

equipment and instruments, comparative value of visual

aids, correlation with other courses of study, and suit¬

ability for various levels of study. Solutions to the

above mentioned problems usually are made with respect to

local needs and demands. Standardization of procedure in

many of the above cases would probably prove ineffective

to all intents and purposes. However, a standard offering

in Mechanical Drawing might receive universal recognition

and sanction from the powers-that-be and, with this purpose

in view, the author dedicates this small effort toward its

ultimate realization.

The wide diversity which now exists in the Mechanical

Drawing field of teaching is aptly explained by the fact

that many instructors are quite partial to one or more of

the systems of teaching mentioned below, while other in¬

structors definitely favor the inclusion of other systems,

A successful Mechanical Drawing course

(1) Consists in pure and simple copying of pre¬

viously prepared and selected drawing plates.

(2) Requires the complete utilization of paper.

3

wooden, metal or plastic models.

(3) Requires the utter disregard of any and all

kinds of models.

(4) Insists upon the incorporation of recitation

periods and homework assignments.

(5) Demands strictly supervised laboratory and

drafting room practice.

(6) Consists of only recitations and homework.

(7) Begins with the theory involved in descriptive

geometry.

(8) Disregards completely all theory and begins

directly with such details as are found in

specific trades, i.e. sheet metal working,

woodworking, etc.

-4-

MECHANICAL DRAWING - HISTORICALLY

The early records concerning the birth of Mechanical

Drawing are today relatively non-existent; however, it

is not to be assumed that the lack of satisfactory hist¬

orical records can disprove the contention that, in con¬

junction with early architectural and constructional

endeavors, supplementary use of descriptive means must

have been a vital necessity.

Archaeological discoveries definitely in dicate that

graphics were resorted to as a means of depicting the

activities of people as early as 2000 B.C. During the

rule of Gudea plans for the design and building of the

temple of Ningirsu were accomplished. Findings of cave

men scratches of outlines on cave walls show that early

man sought some means of illustrating his ideas or exper¬

iences. Recordings of Vitruvius and Frontius during the

first century relate to the use of plans and drawings to

indicate the appearance of proposed gigantic constructions

Leonardo da Vinci’s contributions in the fifteenth and six

teenth centuries for the first known time introduced the

theory of projection and perspective. Although even to

this day, his mechanical drawings are not satisfactorily

-5-

classified as drawings made by mechanical aids or of

mechanical devices. Early in the sixteenth century ap¬

peared the work of Viator on perspective drawing.

Early in the eighteenth century appeared drawing

instruments and several books on drawing by Brook Taylor

and Batty Langley, The latter part of the eighteenth

century produced Gaspard Monge, who so exhaustively

treated the subject of Descriptive Geometry, that no ad¬

ditional contribution has been made since his time as to

content matter. Monge*s work influenced greatly the con¬

structional methods of his day. Such men as Thomas Jef¬

ferson and Eli Whitney were impressed with Monge1s efforts

to establish means of producing products, especially mil¬

itary equipment with interchangeable parts. Monge1s idea

for three view drawings was first printed in 1821.

In 1807 Christian Zoeller was made instructor of draw¬

ing at West Point Military Academy and in 1816 Claude

Crozet introduced Monge1s Descriptive Geometry at the

Academy. Lack of textbooks forced Crozet to publish in

1821 a "Treatise on Descriptive Geometry" for the soecific

use of West Point Cadets.

Prom 1820 to 1870, the need for engineering education

became quite evident. To satisfy this deficiency, govern-

-6-

ment grants were made to those schools which would include

engineering courses of study. In 1849 Rensselaer included

drawing and descriptive geometry; in 1865 M. I. T. added

two courses in drawing and two in descriptive geometry;

while in 1867 the University of Illinois supplemented its

curriculum with descriptive geometry, drawing, shades,

shadow and perspective.

With the arrival of snecialized branches of engineer¬

ing, the need for soecial treatment of graphics became ap¬

parent with the result that further stimulation toward the

proper development of mechanical drawing was initiated. In

the last decade of the 19th century, drafting found a firm

footing in industry and for all time came to be considered

a productive and necessary department.

As early as 1895 attempts were made to arrive at stand¬

ard practices for mechanical drawing. Such men as Gardner

Chase Anthony, J. S. Reid, A. P. Jamison and Thomas E.

French in their contributions exhaustively covered the

field of Mechanical Drawing. Their books on the subject

of graphics may be considered as the beginning of the

many hundreds of such books which were to be later published.

In review, prior to 1750 the outstanding work was the

contribution made by Leonardo da Vinci, while in the period

-7-

1750 to 1850, Monge exceeded all others by developing his

descriptive geometry and orthographic projections. In the

last part of the 19th century was brought about industry’s

recognition of draftmanship as a vital industrial organ¬

ization. The present and future indicate that the art of

graphics is well on the road to ultimate standardization

and general recognition. The efforts of such organizations

as the Mechanical Drawing Association of New England, the

American Standards Association, the Society for the Pro¬

motion of Engineering Education, the American Society of

Mechanical Engineers, and many others are proving fruitful

along this line of endeavor.

-8-

MECHANICAL DRAWING - OBJECTIVITY

1* To develop good habits with respect to workmanship,

courtesy and cooperation with fellow-workmen, neat¬

ness, completeness and promptness,

2. To develop skill in the handling of drawing materials,

equipment and instruments.

3. To develop a conception of engineering problems, exact¬

ness of thought and systematic execution of methods.

4. To develop a proper and definite coordination between

the mind and the hand.

5. To develop the power of vivid visualization and con¬

structive imagination in terms of two or more dimen¬

sional directions.

6. To develop an appreciation of the relation which exists

between mechanical drawing and the progress of civ¬

ilization.

7. To develop the ability to do good supplementary letter¬

ing.

8. To afford an opportunity for modern commercial practice

in the universal language of industries.

9. To present inclusively a survey of that field of indus¬

trial achievement dominated by that branch of arts

known as constructional graphics.

MECHANICAL DRAWING - A SYLLABUS REPORT

Following is the program of study recommended by the

Syllabus Committee of the Mechanical Drawing Association

of New England. Even in this work an individual teacher

is permitted to vary the order of work units according to

his own desires.

Teaching Section No. I

A. Drawing technics

1. Use of pencil - sharoening, grades, etc.

2. Use of T square and triangles

3. Use of compass, dividers, etc.

4. Kinds of lines and meaning of feach - full, dotted, broken, center, etc.

5. Lettering

B. Shape Description

1. How to select best views of an object for drawing.

2. How to place views on paper.

3. Invisible edges

C. Size Description

1. Dimension lines.

2. Drawing to scale

D. Pictorial Drawing

1. Isometric axes

-10-

2. How to select correct point of view

3. How to determine isometric lines

4. How to determine non-isometric lines

5. Curves in isometric

6. Angles in isometric

7. Orthographic to isometric and vice versa

E. Use of Planes of Projection

1. Meaning of orthographic projection

2• Number and names of reference planes Quadrants and reasons for choice of Pthird angle’1 Use of screen or glass box recommended for demonstration

3. Practice in making orthographic views of many simple objects.

P. Related Geometry 1. Geometric Construction

2. Accurate Construction

Teaching Section No. II.

A. Drawing of more complicated objects in ortho¬ graphic projection and isometric drawing.

B. Geometry Construction problems Non-circular Curves

1. The Conic Sections 2. Helix, cycloid, sine and consine

curves

C. Auxiliary Planes

-11-

D. Sectioning 1. Half Section

2. Full Section

3. Symbols - cross hatching, etc,

E. Problems in reading drawings.

These should be simple at first and increase in difficulty to the importance of a problem.

F. Revolved Views

G. True length of lines - True length and shape of

curved lines

H. Development - Of Simple solids

I. Intersections - Of curved surfaces by planes.

J. Problems involving above principles.

-12-

MECHANICAL DRAWING - MY REPORT

Giving due credit to the worthy efforts of the Syl¬

labus Committee of the Mechanical Drawing Association of

New England, it is with certain misgivings that I now

present my solution to this problem.

Section A - Mechanical Drawing Preliminary Preparation

1. Introduction to Mechanical Drawing

2. History of Mechanical Drawing

3. Equipment and Materials

4. Use, Care and Testing of Equipment

5. Lettering

6. Geometrical Constructions

Section B - Mechanical Drawing Proper

1. Methods of Representati on

a. Working Drawings

b. Pictorial Drawings

2. Examinations

Section C - Mechanical Drawing Applications

1. Aeronautical Drafting

2. Architectural Drafting

3. Automotive Drafting

4. Chemical Drafting

-13-

5. Electrical Drafting

6. Heat, Refrigeration and Ventilation Drafting

7. Machine Drafting

8. Mining Drafting

9. Naval Drafting

10. Patent Office Drafting

11. Radio Drafting

12. Railroad Drafting

13. Sheetmetal Drafting

14. Statistical Drafting and Graphic chart making

15. Structural Drafting

16. Topographic Drafting and Map Making

17. Woodwork Drafting

Section A serves as the method of approach to the

teaching of Mechanical Drawing. As in all courses of

study a somewhat effective beginning is made by the for¬

mation of an impressive introduction in which the worth

while characteristics of the subject are stressed. A

follow-up step consists of offering a complete histor¬

ical treatment of the subject. Here may be given the

origination and subsequent development of the subject

to the present with a brief statement or two as to what

-14-

1s being done to continue its existence, popularity and

place of worth in society’s program of good living.

The third unit under section A d^eals with the equip

ment and materials necessary for the proper teaching of

the subject. Such a list of equipment and materials

would appear as follows: -

1. Drawing tables

2. Drawing boards

3. Drawing paper

4. Cross-section paper

5. Tracing paper

6. Tracing cloth

7. Dusting brushes

8. Paper cutter

9. Thumb tacks

10. Stapler and staples

11. Drafting tape

12. Tack or staple pullers

13. Pencils

14. Pencil lengtheners

15. Pencil sharpeners

16. Pencil pointers

17. Erasers (rubber and metal)

18. Erasing shields

19. Ink (black and colored)

-159

20. Ink bottles and quill fillers

21. Chamois

22. Ink eradicator

23. Pounce

24. Esterbrook lettering pens and penholders

25. Speedball pens

26. Round writing pens

27. Barch-Payzant lettering pens

28. Wrico lettering guides

29. Normograph and tenplate

30. Lettering triangles

31. Ames lettering instrument

32. Ruling pens (large and small)

33. Compasses including

a. Pencil part

b. Pen part

c. Lengthening rod

34. Beam compasses

35. Dividers

36. Spring-bow pencil

37. Spring-bow pen

38. Spring-bow dividers

39. Proportional dividers

40. Section liner

«

-16-

41. Horncenters

42. 011 stone

43. T - squares

44. Parallel straight edge

45. Triangles

46. Metal straight edge

47. Parallel rule

48. Flat or triangular scales

49. Scale guards

50. Irregular curves

a. Ellipses

b. Hyperbolas

c. Parabolas

d. Engineering selection

e. French

f. Logarithmic spiral

g. Ship

h. Railroad

i. Aeronautical

51. Flexible curve rule

52. Splines and spline weights

53. Outside and inside calipers

54. Veriner calipers

Micrometer calipers 55.

-176

56. Slide rules

57. Planimeters

58. Integrators

59. Pantograph

60. Ellipsograph

61. Protractor

62. Map measures

63. Perspectograph

64. Centrolineads (for perspective drawings)

65. Antodraft drafting machines

66. Universal drafting machines

67. Chest of drawers or filing cabinets

68. Blue printing frames

The fourth unit should be considered along with the

third unit. Whereas the third unit merely lists and dis

plays the mechanical drawing instruments and equipment,

for identification purposes, the fourth unit intends to

develope the proper use, care and testing of such equip¬

ment. Specific methods must be considered and a certain

degree of respect for this equipment must be developed

in the pupil, since his failure or success in Mechanical

Drawing will be due mainly to the use and care that he

gives to his equipment and materials.

-18-

The fifth unit under Section A will he devoted purely

to lettering. Although there are numerous styles of let¬

tering only a very few of the more common kinds need be

given any consideration. However, there often are several

pupils who desire to give the lettering and numeral field

more attention than that required in the usual course.

For those pupils, especially, a more inclusive list is

herewith included: -

(Note: In practically all styles it is possible to

develope upper and lower as well as inter¬

mediate case and both vertical and inclined

letters and numerals. Many styles mentioned

have been developed from basic types and now

bear the name of the person responsible for

the style developed.)

1. Gothic

a. Plain

b. Commercial

c. Wide Stem

d. Reinhardt

e. Nonpareil Condensed

f. Nonpareil Telescopic

g. English

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h. Spurred

i. Ornamental

2. Roman

a. Plain

b. Old Style

c. Chicago

3. Italic

a. Ornamental

b. Gothic

c. De Vinne

d. Old Style

e. Victoria

f. Cushing

g. Thin-lined

h. Bold-faced

4. English

a. Church

b. Old

c. Modernized Old

5. Block

a. Standard

b. Fancy Modern

e. Full Rounded

-20-

d. Inverted

6. Uncials

a. Greek

b. Latin

c. Anglo-Irish

d. Italian

7. Egyptian

a. Plain

b. Antique

8. Program

9. Verile Open

10. Quaint Open

11. Classic Renaissance

12. Mediaeval

13. Nonpareil Lightface Celtic

14. French

15. Galilean

16. Telegraph

17. Tuscan

18. Squared

19. Yonkers

20. Chelsea Circular

21. El andk ay

-21-

It Is naturally of primary importance that a pupil

be able to form each letter correctly; however, his

responsibility does not end there. He must be able to

properly execute word formations. In this procedure

he is required to develope an ability to perform accurate

lettering composition in words and sentences for notation

and title purposes. The relationship between different

adjoining letters becomes very important since faulty

lettering may quite easily cause an otherwise very good

drawing to be considered a poor effort. Uniformity of

weight and spacing in lettering may be considered a very

desirable asset to any draftsman. Although there is no

specific requirement concerning the particular style of

lettering one must use in Mechanical Drawing, the majority

of draftsmen use inclined Gothic while many others pre¬

fer the Roman style.

The fifth and last item in section A deals with Geo¬

metrical Constructions. It may be safely stated that a

knowledge of geometrical constructions is the background

of Mechanical Drawing. Without such information a drafts¬

man is truly handicapped. There are numerous problems

-22-

which may be developed to demonstrate ones ability to

solve such problems. Some of the more common and, also,

the less common ones are herepresented:-

1. Bisect a given line

2. Bisect a given arc

5. Bisect a given angle

4. Divide a given line into any number of equal parts

5. Divide a space between two parallel lines into any number of equal spaces

6. Divide the space between two given non-parallel lines into two equal and similiar parts

7. Divide the sides of an angle into the same number of equal parts

8. Draw a line perpendicular to a given line from a point on the line.

9. Draw a perpendicular at the end of a given line.

10. Draw a line perpendicular to a given line from a point outside the line.

11. Draw a line parallel to a given straight line or a curve parallel to a given curve at a given distance apart.

12. Draw a line parallel to a given line through a given point

13. On a given line construct an angle equal to a given angle.

Construct an equilateral triangle having given the length of one side.

14.

-23-

15. Construct a triangle when three sides are given.

16. Construct a triangle when two sides end the in¬ cluded angle are given.

17. Construct a triangle when two angles snd one side are given.

18. Construct a square having given the length of one side.

19. Construct a square having the center given, also the length of one side and the direction of one side.

20. Construct a regular pentagon upon a line of given length.

21. Construct a hexagon having given the distance across flats, that is, the distance between odoos- ite sides.

22. Draw a regular heptagon on a line of given length

23. Draw a regular octagon on a given base.

24. Inscribe a polygon of any number of sides in a given circle.

25. Construct a polygon of any number of sides upon a line of given length as one side.

26. Transfer or copy any given plane figure by the triangulation method.

27. Transfer or copy any given plane figure by the axes method.

28. Transfer or copy any given plane figure by the rectangular coordinates method.

29. Rectify the semi-circumference of a given circle.

Rectify the quarter circumference of a given circle.

30.

-24-

31. Rectify the circumference of a given circle.

32. Rectify any short arc of a circle.

33. Rectify any arc by stepping off with the div¬ iders.

34. Locate the center of a given arc.

35. Find the center of a given circle.

36. Inscribe a circle within a triangle.

37. Circumscribe a circle about a triangle.

38. Inscribe an equilateral or equiangular triangle in a given circular.

39. Inscribe a square in a given circle.

40. Inscribe a regular pentagon in a given circle.

41. Inscribe a regular hexagon in a given circle.

42. Inscribe a regular heptagon in a given circle.

43. Draw a regular octagon in a given circle.

44. Draw a line tangent at a given point on a cir¬ cular arc when its center is not accessible.

45. Draw lines tangent to a given circle from a point outside the circle.

46. Draw straight lines tangent to two circles.

47. Draw a circle tangent to another circle and tangent to a right line at a given distance.

48. At two given points draw a smooth curve tangent to the sides of an obtuse angle.

49. At two given points draw a smooth curve tangent to the sides of an acute angle.

-25-

50. Draw an arc of given radius tangent to two given lines which are perpendicular to each other.

51. Draw a circle of given radius tangent to a straight line at a given point.

/

52. Draw an arc of given radius tangent to two given lines which are not perpendicular to each other.

53. Draw a circular arc of given radius tangent to a given circular arc and given straight line.

54. At a given point draw a circular arc tangent to a circular arc and to a given straight line.

55. Draw a circular arc tangent to three given lines.

5b. Join two parallel lines with a coranound curve tangent 8t given points.

57. Join two parallel lines with a smooth curve tangent fefc given points.

58. Draw an arc of given radius tangent to two cir¬ cles - arc tangents being external.

59. Draw an arc of given radius tangent to two cir¬ cles - arc tangents being internal.

60. Draw an arc of given radius tangent to two cir¬ cles - arc tangent being external to one and internal to the other.

61. Draw an arc of a circle tangent to two given arcs of circles.

62. Draw an arc of given radius tangent to two given circular arcs.

63. Connect four points by circular arcs.

64. Connect any number of points with circular arcs.

65. Draw a circle through three given points.

-26-

66. Draw a circular arc through three given points when the center is not accessible.

67. Construct an ellipse by intersecting arcs.

68. Construct an ellipse by the trammel method.

69. Construct an ellipse by intersecting lines.

70. Construct an ellipse by the concentric circle method.

71. Construct an ellipse by the string method.

72. Construct an approximate ellipse by the four circular arcs method.

73. Draw an elliptical arc having given the length of a chord and one axis.

74. Describe an elliptical arc with three centers, having given the height and the length or span.

75. Draw a true elliptical arch when the span and the height are given.

76. Draw a parabolic curve having the height and horizontal length given as limits.

77. Draw a hyperbolic curve within given limits.

78. Draw a helix.

79. Draw a spiral.

80.. Construct an involute Spiral on a given circle as a base.

81. Draw the Archimedes spiral.

82. Draw the logarithmetic spiral.

83. Draw the involute of a triangle and square.

-27-

84. Draw the involute of a circle.

85. Draw the involute of a right line.

86. Draw a sine curve.

87. Draw a cissoid.

88. Draw a cycloid.

89. Draw a epicycloid.

90. Draw a hypocycloid.

Section B is devoted entirely to Mechanical Drawing

proper. Mechanical drawings are accomplished by means of

mechanical devices. To my mind, all mechanicsl drawings

may be classified as working drawings or pictorial draw¬

ings according to the method of representation used. Con¬

sequently, I have divided the first part of Section B -

Methods of Representation - into two groups; the first

dealing with working drawings and the second with pictorial

drav/ings.

There are various kinds of information which may be

shown in a working drawing. To accomplish this effectively

the draftsman must be able to utilize any or all of the

below mentioned means: -

1. Orthographic projections

-28-

2. Sectioning

3. Revolutions

4. Developments

5. Intersections

6. Transitions

7. Pertinent aids

a. Theory of dimensions

b, Notations

c* Bills of material

d. Symbols

e. Standards

The pictorial methods available for mechanical draw¬

ing purposes complete the first part of section B as follows:

1. Oblique projections

a. Cavalier

b. Cabinet

c. Pseudo-perspective

d. Clinographic

2, Axonometric projections

a. Isometric

b. Dimetric

c. Trimetric

d. Modified

-29-

3, Perspective projections

a. Parallel

b. Angular

The second part of Mechanical Drawing proper deals

with examinations. According to Dr. G. M. Ruch in his

book entitled "The Objective or New Type Examination"

there are four classified purposes for using examinations.

These are as follows: -

1. Motivation of the learning of pupils

2. Maintenance of standards of accomplishment

3. Training in the use of the English language

4. Measurement of accomplishment

Dr. Ruch has quite clearly classified examinations

into sixteen groups. His groupings are listed as follows:

1. Recall type

a. Simple recall

b. Completion

c. Short answer

2. True-False types

a. True-false (also: + - and +0)

b. Yes-no

c. Right-wrong

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d. True-false - doesn’t say (also: true- false doesn’t know and true-false - can *t tell, etc.)

e. Converse true-false (in mathematics only)

f. True-false with diagrams

g. Synonym - antonym

3. Multiple-response (or Multiple-choice) types

a. Multiple-response, proper (subdivided according to the number of responses presented, for exam^ple: two-response, three-response, four-response, etc.)

b. Best answer

4. Matching exercises

a. Perfect pairing

b. Imperfect pairing

c. Multiple matching

5. Analogies

6. Rearrangement types

a. Chronologies

b. Order of operation

c. Mixed sentences

7. Computations

a. Examples

b. Problems

-31-

8. Constructions

a. Mathematical figures

b. Diagrams (as in science)

9* Identifications

a. With drawings

b. without drawings

10. Reproductions from memory (poems, axioms, laws, formulas, symbols, equations, etc.)

11. Correction of errors (in grammar, punctuation, capitalization, spelling, etc.)

12. Redundancies or cross-outs

13. Map location

14. Deduction of conclusions from premises.

15. Translations

16. Miscellaneous and mixed types.

He goes further in his discussion by stating that the

preparation of examinations is a very important part of

an Instructors work and, consequently, requires very care

ful study. He suggests the following systematic steps in

order to prepare desirable tests:-

1. Draw up a table of specifications

2. Draft the items in preliminary form

3. Decide upon the scope

4. Edit and select the final items

-32-

5. Rate the items for difficulty

6. Break the items into alternative form

7. Rearrange the items in order of difficulty

8. Prepare the instructions for the test

9. Make the answer key or stencils

10. Decide upon rules for scoring

For Mechanical Drawing testing ourposes, it is my

belief that the following classifications would have

decided value providing suitable precautions are taken

to insure proper execution. They are as follows:

1. Recall

2. True-false

3. Multiple response

4. Matching

5. Identification

6. Computations (Accomplishment of tasks)

7. Correction of errors

Among the numerous Mechanical Drawing printed form

examinations on the market today which are available for

purchase may be listed the following:-

1. G. M. Ruch and G. A. Rice, Specimen Objective

Examination, published by Scott, Foresman and

Company, Chicago, Ill.

-33-

2. C. E. Rowe, Reading Tests. Universi. ty of Texas

3. Harry B. Nash and Roy R. Van Duzee, Mechanical

Drawing, Bruce Publishing Co.y Milwaukee, Wise.

4. College Board Entrance Examinations.

The following mentioned aptitude tests may be utilized

to a certain degree to discover the ability of a pupil to

think along mechanical lines.

1. Stenquist Mechanical Aptitude Tests

2. Detroit Mechanical Aptitude Examinations

3. Revised Minnesota Paper Form Board Test

4. Staticube Test

5. Dynamicube Test

6. Mutilated Cubes Test

Section C of my course of study would be devoted en¬

tirely to applications of Mechanical Drawing in the various

related fields. In order that the primary interest of the

pupil will be maintained at as high a level as possible, I

first determine what specific desires my pupils may enter¬

tain. Naturally, not all of then will have the same

wishes; consequently, I attempt to provide each pupil with

such problems as are found in the field of his chief

interest. To accommodate this abnormal diversification

-34-

I am forced to maintain quite an impressive reference

shelf, from which each ptipil may draw books, pamphlets,

periodicals, clippings, etc. according to his require¬

ments.

I have found that in the perviously mentioned seven¬

teen fields in which Mechanical Drawing may be anplied,

certain similarities exist.

a. They all require the proper execution of gen¬

eral drawings, detail drawings and design

drawings.

b. They all have their own particular termin¬

ology or nomenclature, standards, material,

symbols and scale choice.

Therefore, from this apparent sameness, it is pos¬

sible to prepare problems of similar nature to offer

all members of any group at the same time. In this

way an effort can be made to keep all pupils at parallel

points of accomplishment.

-35-

RBASONS FOR SEQUENCE SELECTED

1. The introduction to Mechanical Drawing naturally

finds itself in first place due to the fact that the only

proper way to begin anything is by effecting a suitable

approach* This is quite a simple method since it re¬

quires no special prerequisites for complete understand¬

ing.

2. The next step is the presentation of an historical

accounting of the development of Mechanical Drawing. This

step is logical since it is only natural that pupils be

permitted to learn at least the high lights which pre-

ceeded their association with the subject in question.

3. The next two steps deal with the equipment and

materials used in Mechanical Drawing. Their inclusion

into the course of study at this time is made in order

that the pupil will become somewhat acquainted with them

before trying to work problems. At first the pupil is

required to be able to know the names of all equipment

and material and then to be sble to identify pnd describe

them. At the close of this section; the proper use,

and testing of equipment is studied since it is very

care

-36-

import ant that the pupils are very definitely instructed

in how to use and take care of equipment. Often pupils

may purchase their own equipment, therefore, especially

for those pupils and for others who may be interested,

the prooer testing of equipment is included into the

course.

4. At this stage is introduced the subject of letter¬

ing. It is quite easy to demonstrate and it does not in¬

volve the use of special Mechanical Drawing equipment.

This gives the pupils an opportunity to become accustomed

to the teacher and the drafting room furniture. At the

same time it permits occasional readjustment of oupils as

to seating arrangement, etc. Since all drawings require

some lettering for title-block, dimensioning and notation

purposes, the importance of lettering at this stage can

not be under estimated at this time. The simplest and

more common type of lettering such as single stroke in¬

clined Gothic is taken first and then followed by more

complicated types, that is, for those few who show in¬

terest and desire to make a further study of the subject.

5. The final unit under Section A is devoted to Geo-

-37-

metrical Construction. This position is selected because

before the Dupil can oroperly complete Mechanical Drawings,

he must be able to see the necessary geometrical relation¬

ships which exist between the xx* imary assumption of a

problem and its ultimate comoletion. In order to accomplish

this training, a comprehensive course in geometrical con¬

structions is offered the pupil. Each type of construction

is placed in groups of similar items and then placed into

order with respect to simplicity of construction and depen¬

dence of succeeding types pf construction. If a pupil

masters these methods of construction, he becomes better

qualified to handle the various problems with which he

will be confronted in his Mechanical Drawing course.

6. The pupil is now ready for his first work in Mech¬

anical Drawing proper. I have selected Working Drawings

for the title of this group since it involves any and all

methods which may be used in the preparation of a drawing,

for purposes of manufacturing the object shown. The order

of groups of specific methods such as orthographies,

sectioning, revolutions, developments, etc. were inserted

into the program according to simplicity of understanding

and attributable dependence upon preceeding and succeed¬

ing groups. For example, after orthographies are studied,

-38-

sectioning may be taken up with the least delay since

sectioning is merely an additional means of showing on

an orthographic projection views that are invisable to

the observer.

7. The second portion of the methods of Represen¬

tation section is devoted to pictorial methods. This

fits into the course naturally at this point since its

utility is of secondary importance to draftsmen in gen¬

eral and because it can be easily explained and -under¬

stood after a study of working drawings has been com¬

pleted. The types are taken according to the degree

of accomplishment and understanding. The oblique pro¬

jection being the easiest to work, the axonmetric more

difficult and the perspective the most difficult of

the group.

8. Examinations now find themselves placed in the

scheme at this point for the main purpose that it is

quite logical to discover the accomplishment or achieve¬

ment of all members of the group taking the course of

study. This completes the section on Mechanical Draw¬

ing proper.

-39-

9. In the section devoted to Mechanical Drawing

applications, all that need be said is that reference

problems for study be selected by the pupils involved /

and then carried out from start to finish. A pupil

need not restrict his problems to any one field, but

may be permitted to attempt other types according to

their changing desires and interests. However, this

should not be oermitted too fr equently or often.

CONTEMPORARY REPORTS AND OPINIONS

In order to substantiate the fact that my report for

a course of study in Mechanical Drawing has been prepared

with a view toward solving the problem of proper arrange-

moit of subject matter, I have resorted to published re¬

ports and to interviews with other Instructors of Mech¬

anical Drawing. In general, I did receive favorable

agreement except in few specific instances. In the fol¬

lowing pages I have attempted to briefly present these

reports and opinions, emphasizing differences and quest¬

ions which were raised during these interviews.

As may be expected, all instructors are not subjected

to the same teaching conditions; consequently, there is

bound to arise discrepancies of one sort or another. On

the whole, these were quite easily reduced to a minimum

thereby probably effecting the complete satisfaction of

all persons involved. Having in mind the realization of

a specific solution to my problem, I did present myself

to all persons with the formal understanding that I was

seeking opinions concerning the proper sequence of topics

or subject-matter in a Mechanical Drawing course of study.

My findings and the briefly stated opinions obtained are

herewith presented.

-41-

Functional Method of Teaching Mechanical Drawing

by Clemens Nicholas

Hadley Vocational School

St. Louis, Missouri /

1. Manipulative skills - proper and facile use of T-square,

triangles, and instruments; craftsmanship in mak¬

ing precise lines of proper weight in pencil and ink

drawings and tracings; lettering; etc.

2. Geometry - Theoretical and empirical geometrical constr¬

uction; dividing lines and angles; drawing tangents

to circles; finding perpendiculars; geometrical

devices used in intersections and developments; etc.

3. Thinking in three dimensions - Descriptive geometry in

theory and in its practical application such as orth

ographic projections, pictorial drawings, sections,

conceptions such as the true length of a line in

developments, conceptions of intersections in three

dimensions; understanding of mechanical movements

such as cams and gears; development of imagination

and creative thinking; etc.

4. Symbols, Nomenclature - Materials and drawing symbols

and notations; dimensioning methods; scales; etc.

5. Materials - Their use and limitations; methods of man¬

ufacture, construction, and assembly; etc.

-42-

Suggestions made by William E. O’Conner

(According to interviews with industrialists)

Hyde Park High School

In order to determine what a boy who expects to enter

a trade must know about Mechanical Drawing, Mr, O’Conner

visited certain industries and consulted superintendents,

department heads, foremen and mechanics. All agreed that

it is absolutely necessary to teach pupils all the funda¬

mentals of Mechanical Drawing, however, special stress

should be placed upon the following items:-

1, Orthographies

2, Pictorial representation

3, Section drawing

4, Scale drawings and the use of scales

5, Familiarity with S.A.M.E. Standards

6, Some tracing work in ink and pencil

7, Promote good habits - neatness, accuracy, good

lettering, and some speed

-43-

Course of Study Submitted

by

Robert M. Whiting

New Bedford High School

Group I

1. Introduction - Single view drawing - Geometrical constructions - lettering, shape description- elementary sketching

2, Orthographies - sketching - measuring- dimensioning

Group II

3. Sectioning - Auxiliary views

4. Isometrics - Oblique drawing - Inking

Group III

5. Developments - Intersections

6. Revolutions - Screw threads

Group IV

7. Machine Drawing - Detailing - Assemblies - tracing - Blue printing

8. Advance work - Descriptive geometry - Technical perspective - Original projects - Arch¬ itectural drawing - Topographical work

-44-

Interview with Mr. Chester L. Thorndike

Mechanical Drawing, Former Head

Technical High School

Although Mr. Thorndike is an instructor of Mechanical

Drawing in a technical high school where the scholastic

requirements are different from those of ordinary high

schools, he was quite impressed with my tt oposed course.

He believed it to be quite an ainbitious undertaking.

He took each item into consideration and believed

them well placed sequentially. He claimed that there

was little to offer concerning the historical background

except what may be obtained scattered here and there in

various books.

He believes that instructors should stress the impor¬

tance of teaching the proper care of instruments since

he felt that the European situation would dace quite a

premium upon German made instruments.

As for lettering, he feels that there should be no

set unit of work for a definite period of time. Instead,

proper lettering should be gradually introduced into the

course. In this way lettering would not become boring and

. The time to stress lettering is when the tiresome

-45-

notations on drawings begin to appear carelessly or poorly

rendered. In this way lettering is injected into the course

automatically.

His reaction toward including geometrical construction

in the course of study was very similar to mine. We both

believe that the responsibility of such instruction should

rest in the mathematics department except, of course, when

ever it becomes necessary to demonstrate a construction in

a particularly troublesome mechanical drawing problem.

Section C caused him a little concern although he felt

that eventhough it aopeared too idealistic, it might prove

valuable. As far as he was concerned, his forte is machine

design and architectural drafting.

Over and over he stresses the fact that although the

technique of good drafting is important, the fundamentals

and the Inclusion of related experiences will prove more

valuable to a prospective draftsman. He felt sure that

industrialists realize that a finished draftsman, seven¬

teen or eighteen years old, can not be produced after a

mere 160 clock hours of Instruction. However, he did

feel positive that this training of 160 hours would be

-46-

equivalent to more than many times the same amount of

experience which may be obtained in an apprentice course

as offered in some industries today.

-47-

Interview with Mr. Harry Blodgett

Mechanical Drawing Instructor

Classical High School

1 found Mr. Blodgett quite pleased with my plan for

a formal course of study. He believed that there is a

definite need for such &n accomplishment. The arrange¬

ment of units of work appealed to him and, although, he

felt that there should be no hard and fast rule as to

the exact order of offerings, he could find nothing ir¬

regular in my particular sequence of subjects.

He believed that my undertaking in the preparation of

a suitable reference section would be rather important,

since it seemed to be a possible solution to the problem

of permitting pupils to work along lines of chief interest

Although his course of study is not designed to ore-

sent a very comprehensive undertaking, he does stress ortho

graphics and isometrics with definite provisions for Inter

change from one to the other and back again. He believes

in taking up problems when and only when oupils begin to

show a specific desire to learn the solution to a part¬

icular problem.

-48-

Interview with Mr. Michael O’Malley Mechanical Drawing Instructor West Springfield High School

Mr. O’Malley was of the opinion that pupils should

be taught the fundamentals of Mechanical Drawing as

thoroughly as possible. He agreed that the order of

units were in good sequence, however, he did indicate

that sketching should be included in the course of

study probably in Section B under methods of repre¬

sentation.

He believes that colleges and industrialists should

determine whet must be taught in the Mechanical Drawing

course. To his mind, he felt that by stressing the

fundamentals, the pupil becomes very familiar with

them and then it becomes a relatively simple matter for

the colleges and industrialists to present to him their

further requirements as the occasion warrants it.

He added that certain provisions concerning tracing

should be made in all Mechanical Drawing courses. This

agrees with my system in that I have included the same

in my methods of representation.

-49-

Interview with Mr. G. Fred Ensworth

Former Instructor of Mechanical Drawing

Westfield High School

After reviewing my proposed course of study he was

quite ready to agree with it. He seemed to believe that

the items were quite definite and in good sequential

order.

He did insist upon the fact that the working draw¬

ings begin by a thorough study of orthographies with a

good introduction to the third angle method of oroject-

ion.

My large list of Mechanical Drawing applications

also interested him. He felt that most people considered

Mechanical Drawing as being directly connected with machine

design or architectural drawing with the result that most

textbooks sadly neglected other specific applications.

This is probably true because of the fact that the arch¬

itects and mechanics were the first to find out that they

might readily use Mechanical Drawing to their own advantage.

This fact being true, they would not be inclined to pre¬

pare Mechanical Drawing for other purposes. It is also

quite possible that as other fields of application began

to appear, those people concerned would very relunctantl.,

subscribe to existing practices or conventions.

-50-

Interview with Mr. George Ludwig Mechanical Drawing Instructor

Westfield Trade School

His impressions of my course of study in Mechanical

Drawing were quite favorable. He believed that the work

was quite orderly and in proper sequence.

He did feel that there should be included some work

in freehand sketching in order to tie in the Mechanical

Drawing operations with the practical derivation of nec¬

essary preliminary data. To my mind, freehand sketching

is quite important for that purpose and should be, at

least, discussed and offered as a lecture under working

drawings.

In my applications of Mechanical Drawing he suggested

the inclusion of -problems dealing with printing, illus¬

trating and advertising. This seems a good addition, but

I feel that the particular application should also in¬

clude its relationship to advertising principles.

All in all he agreed with the arrangement of my pro¬

posed course and did admit that he himself followed such

a plan to a certain extent. He did say that since bis

dai^y periods were two hours in length, he could not

spend the early class periods on lettering since a two

hour stretch caused boredom and fatigue. Consequently,

he preferred to inject his lettering instruction as the

occasion demanded.

-51-

Interview with Mr. J. Lowell Williams

Agricultural Department Head

Westfield High School

In talking with Mr. Williams, I learned that he has

attempted to teach the fundamentals of Mechanical Draw¬

ing to the pupils in his department. However, he was not

able to devote too much time to the subject, consequently,

his course could not assume too wide a range. He felt

quite certain that there was a decided need for Mechanical

Drawing in his courses, since his pupils are often called

upon to design and build various articles, equipment for

farms and other purposes, etc.

After looking over my proposed course of study, he

came to the conclusion that it was very well prepared and

seemed to cover all of the possible applications. In using

Mechanical Drawing, his pupils might then be able to plan

a project quite systematically and then carry it on to

completion. He showed considerable interest in the fact

that prospective farmers who are exposed to such a course

may acquire invaluable knowledge concerning problems which

may arise along architectural, topographical, electrical,

automotive, etc. lines of practical endeavor.

-52-

MECHANICAL DRAWING COURSE OP STUDY

AT WASHINGTON IRVING

EVENING HIGH SCHOOL NEW YORK CITY

The course of study in Mechanical Drawing at Washington

Irving Evening High School is quite simply oresented as

follows: -

1. Use of drawing instruments

2. Orthographic projection

3. Isometric drawing

4. Working drawings

5. Detailing and simple design

6. Tracing and blue printing

V. Layout drafting

a. Mechanism

b. Cam-design

c. Gearing

d. Machine design

At the same time a course in architectural drawing

is offered as follows: -

1. Use of drawing instruments

2. Geometrical construction

3. Orthographic projection

4. Is one trie drawing

-53-

5. Building details

6. Floor plans and elevation

a. City building construction

b. Suburban building construction

7. Architectural orders

8. Architectural design

9. Architectural instrumental perspective

-54-

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

The preparation of a solution to this problem was

undertaken in order to discover a somewhat practical

course of study for Mechanical Drawing. This problem

involved the following items: -

1. The brief analysis of many text-books, per¬

iodicals, pamphlets, bulletins, reports and

other publications dealing with Mechanical

Drawing.

2. The selection of the more common topics or

subject-matter groups such as lettering,

geometrical constructions, working drawings,

pictorial representations, etc. and the elim¬

ination of the less common topics.

3. The arrangement of all selected groups into

a logical, well-balanced, sequential listing

beginning with relatively simple prerequisites

and continuing through to the more complex

details of the course.

4. The further division of each group into the

specific basic items of which it may be com¬

posed.

-55-

5. The further arrangement of all above mentioned

basic items Into an orderly sequence leading

from simplicity to complexity.

6. The procurement of comments, criticisms and

suggestions from Mechanicel Drawing instructors

with respect to the author*s proposed arrange¬

ment of topics or subject-matter.

7. The promulgation of these interviews, talks or

reports to verify or substantiate the fact that

the author's arrangement of subject-matter is

in accordance with a concensus of contemporary

thought.

8. The presentation of a author-indexed Mechanical

Drawing bibliography which may serve in the

selection of ir oper text-books and reference

material.

The solutions to the itemized stages of the above

stated problem can be properly accomplished only by a

systematic analysis of each condition.

1. In collecting data for the construction of the

course of study, it was to be expected that

56—

many different ideas, schemes, renditions, etc.

of the various authors would be discovered.

Another important source of information was

derived from contacts with other Mechanical

Drawing teachers who gave freely of their

ideas and teaching plans.

2. Careful analysis and subsequent classification

of all collected material revealed certain

topics and subject-matter groups, which were

carefully sorted and divided into common, less

common and least common items. Some of the less

common and all of the least common items were

discarded for various reasons.

3# These groups were logically arranged in order of

teaching practicability, providing position of

priority according to the attendant dependency

of succeeding topics. This was quite simply

accomplished.

4. Each group was then subdivided into its elements

and these were analysed and sorted with critical

regard toward possible results for omission or

inclusion.

-57-

5. These remaining items were then arranged in

proper sequence giving initial oositions to

simple elements and subsequent positions to

complex ones,

6. Comments, criticisms and suggestions were then

obtained from Mechanical Drawing teachers. In

all instances general agreement with the author’s

view point was received, thereby substantiating

the contention that subject matter is presented

in a logical sequence.

7. These interviews, reports, comments, etc. were

then written up and offered in this report as

documentary evidence.

8. To assist other teachers in the selection of

books, periodicals, etc. for text or reference

purpose an author-indexed bibliography is in¬

cluded as part of the report.

In conclusion, having carefully performed the nec¬

essary operations, the accomplishment of a course of

study for secondary school Mechanical Drawing was

effected

-58-

ADDITIONAL PERTINENT INFORMATION

In talking with other instructors over the possi¬

bility of constructing a valid course of study for

Mechanical Drawing, questions arose concerning provis¬

ions for the prooer inclusion of information of a re¬

lated nature. These problems dealt with reproduction

processes, correlation of Mechanical Drawing with other

secondary courses of study, visual aids, and scholarships

and awards. The author believes that these items may be

introduced into his courses as auxiliary lectures or in

the particular satisfaction of individual problems. In

the following section a treatment of these problems is

briefly presented without the intention specifically of

indicating what must or must not be done with them. No

doubt each item may play an important part in vitalizing

a Mechanical Drawing course of study; therefore, the group

should not be overlooked entirely but should be given some

consideration and thought.

-59-

MECHANICAL DRAWING - REPRODUCTION PROCESSES

There are several methods of making copies of drawings.

The methods, the equipment and materials necessary in each

process are listed as follows: -

1. Blue printing

s. Tracings (ink or pencil)

b. Blue orint paper

c. Print frames or machines

d. Chemicals

2. Brown, black, etc. printing

a. Vandyke printing paper

b. Printing frames or machines

c. ’‘Hypo” solution

3. Ozalid whiteprints

a. Ozalid printing paper

b. Elpro printer

4. Photographic methods

a. Photostating

b. Films

Reproduction of drawings is a very important functio n

in industry, since several copies of every drawing are re¬

quired to properly record and cause the manufacture of all

products. In addition to preparing the copies, it is also

important that they he completed in the shortest time pcs-

-60-

sible.

Although wet processes of reproducing drawings are

quite common today, there is every indication that as

time passes dry methods will become more popular.

-61-

MECHANICAL DRAWING - CORRELATION

There are many instances when the work accomplished

in Mechanical Drawing may be correlated with the work done

in other courses of study. Although some of these occasions

may not be entirely dove-tailed to one another, it is quite

possible that the experiences derived from cooperating

course work may prove quite valuable to the pupil. It is

possible to arrange sane of the problems in such a fashion

even though the majority of the cases will arise spontan¬

eously as occasion demands special attention.

Some instances when such correlations may occur are

as follows: -

1. High School - Traffic problems

2. Cafeteria - Kitchen and dining room layout

3. Household Arts - Designs for scarfs

4. Manual Arts and Woodworking - Design of small

tables, shelves, equipment, playpens, chests,

airplane models, gravity propelled cars, etc.

5. Mathematics - Geometrical problems illustrated

- Statistical problems illustrated

6. Consumer* s Science - Automobile, refrigeration,

heating, electrical wiring, home building,

landscaping problems.

-62-

7. History - Maps, Tables, Charts

8. Problems of Democracy - Statistical problems

illustrated. /

9. Bookkeeping b Statistical charts, ledger and

inventory sheets, etc.

10. Stenography - Illustration charts, etc.

11. Typewriting - Keyboard charts, wall charts,

auxiliary equipment design, etc.

12. Foreign Languages - Charts for declension,

conjugations, vocabulary training, etc.

13. Music - Score sheets, arrangement or seating

plans, stage settings and design, etc.

14. Extra-curricular Activities - Programs, designs

of equipment, layout of field, arrangement

of material, etc.

MECHANICAL DRAWING - VISUAL AIDS

In addition to blackboards, text-books, reference

books, pamphlets, periodicals, etc., there exists a

definite place for visual aids in the proper teaching

of Mechanical Drawing. Often the demonstration of a

Mechanical Drawing problem can be very effectively

accomplished by the use of visual aids. A list of such

aids are as follows: -

1. Models

a. Paper

b. Clay

c. Wooden

d. Glass

e. Metal

2. Statistical aids

3. Educational films

4. Slides

a. Tracing naper

b. Flat picture

c. Photographic

5. Stereographs

6. Wall charts

7. Projectors

a. Motion picture

b. Slide

c* Opaque

8. Decalcomanias

9. Toys

-65-

SCHOLARSHIPS AND AWARDS

This section is included to call attention to the

fact that there is a decided lack of opportunities r

available for the recogni tion of specific achieve¬

ments and effort in the field of secondary school Mech¬

anical Drawing* Inasmuch as Mechanical Drawing is not

considered a major school subject, the reason for this

apparent neglect or oversight may be quite apparent,

however, to the author, this does not appear to be suf¬

ficient reason for it*

Since a Mechanical Drawing course of study usually

requires that the nupils prepare all of their work on

paper, it is quite evident that the results of such

instruc tion may be viewed at any time whenever desired.

Class room recognition is brought about by the

selection of the superior pieces of work and by the

subsequent display in annual schoolwork exhibits*

Among the very few scholarship and award offerings

may be listed the Gardner Chase Anthony Scholarship by

Tufts College School of Engineering and the Charles M.

Higgins Memorial Awards by the trustees of the Carnegie

Institute of Technology.

-66-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The purpose of the following section is to provide

a relatively complete list of books, report^ magazines

and other publications which may be utilized for specific

purposes, such as text of supplementary reference mater¬

ial.

I have divided the entire list into three major groups

as follows:

First group consists of publications which deal

solely with Mechanical Drawing itself.

Second group consists of publications which deal

solely with applications of Mechanical Draw¬

ing,

Third group consists of publications which deal

with miscellaneous items concerning Mech¬

anical Drawing such as lettering, geometrical

construction, etc.

This division was effected in order to facilitate

the selection of publications for use. For obvious

reasons, only an author listing is provided.

-67-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING

Aborn, F. — MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - American Book Co*

American Technical Society - CYCLOPEDIA OP DRAWING - Chicago

Anthony, G.C. - ELEMENTS OP MECHANICAL DRAWING - Boston - D.C. Heath & Co*

Anthony, G.C. - INTRODUCTION TO THE GRAPHIC LANGUAGE - Boston - D.C. Heath & Co.

Babbitt, A.B. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Henry Holt & CO

Bailey, C.H. - MECHANICAL DRAWING FCR BEGINNERS - Peoria, Ill. Manual Arts Press

Bartholomew, R.A. and Orr, P.S. - LEARNING TO READ MECHANICAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Bartlett, p.W. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Bennett, C.A. - BEGINNING PROBLEMS IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

I;.

Bennett, C.A.- PROBLEMS IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Berg, E. and Kronquist, E.P. - MECHANICAL DRAWING PROBLEMS FOR HIGH SCHOOLS, NORMAL SCHOOLS AND VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Blessing, G.F. and Darling, L.A. - ELEMENTS OP DRAWING - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Blunck, A. - TECHNICAL DRAWING LESSONS - Hessling

Boggey, H.C. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

Bradley, J. - BLUEPRINT READING - New York - D. Van Nostrand

Co. Inc.

Brydon, R. - ELEMENTARY MECHANICAL DRAWING - New Orleans, La.

R. Brydon

-68-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING

Castle, D.W. - PROBLEMS IN BLUEPRINT READING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

C

Castle, D.W* — MECHANICAL DRAWING — Peoria, Ill. — Manual Arts Press

Chalmers, J.A. - TECHNICAL DRAWING - Glasgow - Robert Gibson & Sons Ltd.

Chase, A.W. - ELEMENTARY COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - Chicago - Chicago Medical Book Co.

Christy, E.W. - MECHANICAL DRAWING SCALE - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Collidge, C.E.- MANUAL OP DRAWING - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Collins, C.D. - DRAFTING ROOM METHODS, STANDARDS AND FORMS - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Crawshaw, F.D. and Phillips, J.D. - MECHANICAL DRAWING FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS - Chicago - Scott, Foresman & Co.

Crook, C.T. - SIMPLIFIED MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Me Graw-Hill Co. Inc.

Cross, A.K. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - Boston - Ginn & Co.

Cullimore, C.- ELEMENTARY DRAFTING FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS - San Francisco, Cal. - Harr Wagner Publishing Co.

Curtis, N.C. - ELEMENTS OF GRAPHICS, DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY, SHADES AND SHADOWS, AND PERSPECTIVE - Cleveland, Ohio - Jansen, J. H.

Dales, J. H. - MANUAL OF MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - The Macmillan Co#

DeVette, W. - A SHORT COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - Mil¬ waukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Draycott, G.E.- TECHNICAL DRAWING - New York - Oxford Univ¬

ersity Press

Ellis, G. - MODERN TECHNICAL DRAWING - London - B. T. Bats- ford Ltd.

Ermeling, W. W. and others - MECHANICAL DRAWING: FIRST, SECOND YEAR - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

-69-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING

Faber, J.F. - MECHANICAL DRAWING PROBLEMS - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Faunce, L. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Hinds, Hayden & Eldredge Inc.

Fischer, F.A.P. and Greene, G.G. - RATIONAL MECHANIC AX DRAW¬ ING - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Foss, M.F. - FUNDAMENTALS IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Stackpole Sons

Fox, W. and Thomas, C.W. - PRACTICAL COURSE IN MECHANICAL * DRAWING - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Frank, L. -r ESSENTIALS OF MECHANICAL DRAFTING - Springfield, Mass. - Milton Bradley Co.

Freeman, H.L. - ELEMENTS OF GENERAL DRAFTING - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

French, Thomas E. and Svensen, Carl L. - MECHANICAL DRAW¬ ING - New York - McGrawfcHill Book Co. Inc.

Fry, H.P. - NOTES ON MECHANICAL DRAWING - Philadelphia, Pa. - H. P. Fry

Frykland, V.C. and Kepler, F.R. - GENERAL DRAFTING — Bloom¬ ington, Ill. - McKnight and McKnight

Giesecke, F.E. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Eugene

Dietzen Co.

Giesecke, F.E. and Mitchell, A. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - Austin, Texas - Aubtin Texas Book Co.

Giesecke, F.E. and Mitchell, Alva and Spencer, Henry Cecil - TECHNICAL DRAWING - New York - Macmillan Co.

Gueth, 0. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Theo. Audel & Co.

Hanford, H. - PRACTICAL AND GEOMETRICAL DRAWING - London -

Cassell & Co. Ltd.

Hasluck, P.N. - PRACTICAL DRAUGHTSMEN'S WORK - Philadelphia,

Pa. - David McKay

Hasluck, P.N. - MODEL DRAWING - London - Cassell & Co. Ltd.

Hawkins, N. - SEIF-HELP MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Theo.

Audel & Co»

-70-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING

Higbee, F.G. - THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GRAPHIC REPRESENTATION - Iowa State Univ ersity

Hill, J.E. - TEXTBOOK ON SHADES AND SHADOWS AND PERSPECTIVE New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Hills, J.H. - PICTORIAL DRAFTING - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co.Inc,

Hoelscher, R.P. - TEACHING OF MECHANICAL DRAWING * New York John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Hoelscher, R.P. and Mays, A.B. - BASIC UNITS IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Howe, C.B. - GENERAL DRAFTING PROBLEMS, PROBLEM SHEETS - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Hunt, DeW. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - Oklahoma City, Okla. - Harlow Publishing Co.

Husband, J. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Longmans, Green & Co.

Hutton, P.W. - MECHANICAL DRAWING FOR INDUSTRIAL AND CON¬ TINUATION SCHOOLS - Chicago - Scott, Foresman & Co.

International Correspondence Schools - ELEMENTS OF BLUE¬ PRINT READING - Scranton, Pa. - International Textbook Company

Jackson, C.F. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - Philadelphia, Pa. - J. B. Lippincott Co.

J agger, J.E. - ELEMENTARY TEXTBOOK ON MECHANICAL DRAWING - Philadelphia, Pa. - J. B. Lippincott Co.

James,'WaltBr H. and MacKenzie, Malcolm C. - WORKING DRAW¬ INGS OP MACHINERY - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Jameson, A.J. - COMPLETE TREATISE ON ISOMETRICAL DRAWING - Worcester,'Mass. - A. J. Jameson

Jamison, A.P. - ISOMETRIC DRAWING - New York - McGraw-Hill

Boo^ Co. Inc.

Jamison, A.P. - ADVANCED MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York -

John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Jamiscn, A.P. - EIEMENTS OF MECHANICAL DRAWING - New Yorx

John Wiley & Sons Inc.

-71-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING

Jaof, A.E. - CYCLOPEDIA OP DRAWING - American School of Cor¬ respondence •

Johnston, P.D. - MANUAL OP MECHANICAL DRAWING - Williams

Jones, P.D. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Industrial Press

Kavanagh, M.R. and others - SYSTEMS AND PRACTICE OF THE DRAFT¬ ING ROOM - New York - Industrial Press

Kenison, E. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - Chicago - American Tech¬ nical Society.

Kenison, E. and Waite, E.B. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - Chicago, Ill. - American Technical Society

Kenison, E. - MECHANICAL DRAWING INSTRUCTION PAPER - Amer¬ ican School of Correspondence.

Kepler, P.R. - MECHANICAL DRAFTING HANDBOOK - Toronto - Ryerson Press

Ketchum, E. - GRADED COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING FOR GRAMMAR SCHOOLS - Springfield, Mass. - Milton Bradley Co.

Kirby, R.S. - FUNDAMENTALS OF MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc .

Kronquist, E.F. - KEY PLATES FOR MECHANICAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Lacour, A.A. and Schaeffer, G.N. - INTRODUCTORY MECHANICAL DRAWING - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Lay, E.F* - MECHANICAL DRAWING FOR TEACHERS OF HANDICRAFT AND SENIOR SCHOLARS - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

Leeds, C.C. - MECHANICAL DRAWING FOR INDUSTRIAL AND HIGH SCHOOLS - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc .

Leeds, C.C. - MECHANICAL DRAWING FOR TRADE SCHOOLS * New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Low, D.A. - IMPROVED DRAWING SCALES - New York - Longm ans.

Green & Co.

MacGibbon, W.C. - PICTORIAL DRAWINGS FOR FIRST, SECOND CLASS ENGINEERS - Glasgow - James Munro and Co. Ltd.

-’72-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING

Mathewson, F.E. - APPLIED MECHANICAL DRAWING - Tay lor Holden

Mathewson, P.E. and Stewart,J.L. - NOTES FOR MECHANICAL DRAW¬ ING - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

McCord, C.W. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc•

McGee, r.A. and Sturtevant,W.W. - General Mechanical Draw¬ ing - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

McGough, J. - PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF TECHNICAL DRAWING - New York City - Longmans, Green & Co.

Me Lain, D. - SYSTEM OP READING WORKING DRAWINGS OR BLUE¬ PRINTS - Milwaukee, Wise. - McLain’s System Jnc.

Michel son, H.W. and Buck,R.O. - SKETCHING FOR THE DRAFTSMAN - Milwaukee,Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Michigan University - DRAWING STANDARDS AND CONVENTIONS - Dept, of Engineering - Ann Arbor, Mich. - Geo. Wahr

Miller, D. - COURSE IN TECHNICAL DRAWING - Glasgow - Grant Education Co.

Miller, D. * FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF TECH¬ NICAL DRAWING FOR SCHOOLS - Glasgow - Grant Education Co. Ltd.

Miller, H .W. - MECHANICAL DRAFTING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Minifie, W. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - D. Van Nos¬ trand Co. Inc.

Nash, H.B. and VanDuzee, R.R. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - Mil¬ waukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Go.

Nelson, H.C. - CHECKING RULES FOR MECHANICAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Norton, A.E. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - Harvard University

Parkinson,A.C. - FOUNDATIONS OF TECHNICAL DRAWING - New York City - Pitman Publishing Co.

Pauli, J.H. and Sgro, C.L. - APPLIED MECHANICAL DRAWING New York - D. Van Nostrand Co.Inc.

-73-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING

Pemberton, T.p. - MECHANICAL DRAUGHTING - Philadelphia, Pa, - David McKay

Phillips, J.D. and Orth, H ,D. - MECHANICAL DRAWING FOR COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES — Chicago - Scott, Foresm an and Co,

Powell, F.E. - MECHANICAL DRAWING SIMPLY EXPLAINED - London E. and F.N. Spon Ltd,

Pritchard, J.H. - ISOMETRIC AND ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING - New York - Longmans, Green & Co.

Reid, J.S. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - John Wiley Sons Inc.

Reinhardt, C.W. - PREPARATION OF DRAWINGS AND OTHER ILLUS¬ TRATION FOR PHOTO-REPRODUCTION - England News

Reinhardt, C.W. - TECHNIC OF MECHANICAL DRAFTING - England News

Rigast, A.K. - MECHANICAL DRAWING TEACHERS’ MANUAL - New York - The Macmillan Co.

Roberts, W.E. - BEGINNING MECHANICAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. Manual Arts Press

Rose, J. - MECHANICAL DRAWING SELF TAUGHT - New York - Henry Carey Baird & Co. Inc.

Rouillion, L. - COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Norman W. Henley Publishing Co.

Royce, D.C. - MECHANICAL DRAWING LEAFLETTE - Scranton, Pa. - International Textbook Co.

Royce, D.C. - MECHANICAL DRAFTING - Philadelphia, Pa. - David McKay

Sampson, C.H. - MECHANICAL DRAWING AND PRACTICAL DRAFTING - Springfield, Mass. - Milton Bradley Co.

Schorling, R. and Clark, J.R. - DRAWING TO SCALE - World

Book

Selden, P.H. - ELEMENTARY DRAWING - Cranesville, Pa.- Maudslay Press

-74-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING

Shaeffer, G.N. - FIRST PROBLEMS IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - Milwaukee, Wise., - B ruce Publishing Co.

Shaeffer, G.N. - INTRODUCTORY MECHANICAL DRAWING PROBLEMS - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Shelton, Edgar G. - SHADES AND SHADOWS - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Sinclair, J.G. - PROGRESSIVE DRAFTING - Vancouver, B. C. - Clarke and Stuart Co. Ltd.

Smith, L.J. - ESSENTIALS IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - New Y ork The Macmillan Co.

Smith, W.H. - GUIDE TO DRAUGHTSMANSHIP - London - E. and F. N. Spon Ltd.

Soutar, W.S. - COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - Edmonton, Alberta - Institute of Applied Art Ltd.

Spink, B.E. and others - CONSTRUCTIVE DRAWING FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS - New York « Mentz er, Bush & Co.

Sturtevant, W. W. f> MECHANICAL PICTORIAL DRAWING - Milwau¬ kee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Sturtevant, W. W. - SUPPLEMENTARY PROBLEMS IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Svensen, C.L. and others - DRAFTING PROBLEM LAYOUTS - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Svensen, C.L. - ESSENTIALS OF DRAFTING - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co.Inc.

Span ton, B.E. - SCIENCE AND ART OF DRAWING - New York - The Macmillan Co.

Taylor, T.V. - BACKBONE OF PERSPECTIVE - M. C. Clark

Temple? H.W. - PRACTICAL DRAWING - Boston - D.C. Heath & Co

Thorne, W.H. - COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - Philadelphia, Pa. - Williams, Brown and Earle

Titsworth, A.A. - ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York John Wiley & Sons Inc.

-75-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING

Tompson, L.S. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - Boston - D.C.H eath & Co.

Townsend, C.E. and Cleary, S.F. - INTRODUCTORY MECHANICAL DRAWING .

Tracey, J.C. - INTRODUCTORY COURSE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - American Book Co.

Treleven, J.T. - PRELIMINARY MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Longmans, Green & Co.

Trowbridge, D.C. - DRAFTING METHODS - New York - Codex Book Co. Inc.

Vigneau, E.E. - HOW TO UNDERSTAND THE READING OF BLUEPRINT DRAWINGS - Detroit, Mich. - Educational Institute

Weick, C.W. - Elementary Mechanical Drawing - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Weick, C.W. - MECHANICAL DRAWING PROBLEMS - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Willard, W.F. - PRACTICAL COIR SE IN MECHANICAL DRAWING - Chicago - Popular Mechanics Press.

Williams, E.L. and Soencer, H.C. - TECHNICAL DRAWING FOR HIGH SCHOOLS: WORKBOOKS - New York - MacMillan Co.

Willson, F.N. - NOTE-TAKING, DIMENSIONING AND LETTERING - Princeton, N.J. - Frederick N. Willson x

Willson, F.N. - THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL GRAPHICS - Princeton, N.J. - Frederick N. Willson

Willson, F.N. - THIRD ANGIE METHOD OF MAKING WORKING DRAW¬ INGS - Princeton, N. J. - Frederick N. Willson

Wilson, V.T. and McMaster, C.L. - NOTES ON PRACTICAL MECHANICAL DRAWING - E. Lansing, Mich. - Wilson and

McMaster

Woellner, R.C. and Wittick, E.C. - GENERAL MECHANICAL DRAW¬ ING FOR BEGINNERS -‘ Boston - Ginn & Co.

Wood, H.E. - PROGRESSIVE PROBLEMS IN MECHANICAL DRAWING -

New York - Mentzer, Bush & Co.

Wrentmore, C.G. and Goulding, H.J. “ NOTES ON ELEMENTARY

MECHANICAL DRAWING - Ann Arbor, Mich. - Geo. Wahr

-76-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING

Wrentmore, C.G. and Goulding, H.J. - TEXTBOOK OP ELEMENTARY MECHANICAL DRAWING - Ann Arbor, Mich, - Geo. Wahr.

Wyatt, E.M. - BLUEPRINT READING - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Youngberg, E.S. - CHICAGO HIGH SCHOOLS MECHANICAL DRAWING - Chicago - Chicago Board of Education

Youngberg, E.S. - MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

Zipprich, A.E. - FREEHAND DRAFTING - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co*Inc.

American Standards Association - PUBLISHINGS, REPORTS, etc. New York - American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Mechanical Drawing Association of New England - MECHANICAL DRAWING NEWS - Belmont, Mass.

Reinhold Publishing Corp. - PENCIL POINTS - Stamford, Ct.

The Bruce Publishing Co. - INDUSTRIAL ARTS AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION - Milwaukee, Wise.

The Studio Ltd. - ART AND INDUSTRY - London, England.

-77-

BIBL10GRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING APPLICATIONS

1. Aeronautical Drafting

Almen, H.V. and Mead, R.K. - AIRCRAFT BLUEPRINT READING - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

Farleigh, Minor M. - PRINCIPLES AND PROBLEMS OF AIRCRAFT ENGINES - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Owens, A.A. and Slingluff, B.F. - HOW TO READ AIRCRAFT BLUEPRINTS - Winston

Parkinson, H. - EXAMPLES AND CHARTS FOR AIRCRAFT DRAUGHTS¬ MEN - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

2. Architectural Drafting

Abercrombie, T.R. - APPLIED ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING - Mil¬ waukee, Wisconsin - Bruce Publishing Co.

Bishop, A.T. - COMPOSITION AND RENDERING - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Dalzell, J.R. and McKinney, J. - ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING AND DETAILING - Chicago, Ill. - American Technical Soc iety

Elwood, F.G. - PROBLEMS AND ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Ericson, E.E. and Soules, R.L. - PLANNING YOUR HOME - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Guptill, A.L. - COLOR IN SKETCHING AND RENDERING - Reinhold.

Halstead, Prank - ARCHITECTS' AND BUILDERS' REFERENCE BOOK - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Hamlin, A.D.E. - HISTORY OP ARCHITECTURE - New York - Longmans, Green and Company.

-78-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


Architectural Drafting - continued

Hauf, Harold Dana - DESIGN OF STEEL BUILDINGS - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Hebberger, B.F. and Nicholas, C. - BLUEPRINT READING FOR THE BUILDING AND MACHINE TRADES - New York - McGraw- Hill Book Co. Inc.

Lowndes, W.S. - BUILDERS’ BLUEPRINTS - Scranton, Pa. - International Textbook Co.

Lowndes, W.S. - ELEMENTARY ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING - Scranton, Pa. - International Textbook Co.

Lowndes, W.S. - RENDERING ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS - Scranton, Pa. - International Textbook Co.

Newcomb, Rexford - OUTLINES OF THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Ramsey, C.G. and Sleeper, H.R. - ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHIC STANDARDS - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Rouillion and Ramsey - ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Seaman, G.W. - PROGRESSIVE STEPS IN ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Svensen, Carl L. - ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTING - New York - Me Graw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

Truscon Steel Co. — HANDBOOK FOR STEEL WINDOWS AND STEEL DOORS - Youngstown, Ohio - Truscon Steel Co.

Waffle, H.W. - ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING FOR HIGH SCHOOLS - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

F.W. Dodge Corp. - ARCHITECTURAL RECORD - New York

Rogers and Manson Corp. - ARCHITECTURAL FORUM - Concord,

N. H.

-79-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


3. Automotive Drafting

Euno, Ray F. - AUTOMOTIVE ESSENTIALS - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Kuno, Ray P. - AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Mercer, G.J. - MOTOR BODY BLUEPRINT TECHNOLOGY - Detroit, Mich. - Mercer, G. J.

Sponner, H.J. - NOTES ON AND DRAWINGS OP A POUR CYLINDER PETROL ENGINE - New York - Longmans, Green and Co.

VonBongart, B.J. - DIESEL ENGINES - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc.

Wright, J.C. and Smith, P.C. - AUTOMOTIVE CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Young, S.J. and Pryer, R.W.J. - THE TESTING OP INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co.

4. Chemical Drafting

Allen and Rogers - INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc.

Read, W.T. - INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Vilbrandt, Prank C. - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PLANT DESIGN - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

American Welding Society - PUBLISHINGS, PAPERS, REPORTS,

etc.

5. Electrical Drafting

Bishop, C.C. - ELECTRICAL DRAFTING AND DESIGN - New York -

McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

-80-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


5. Electrical Drafting - continued

Gray, Alexander - ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co* Inc.

Moore, A.D. - FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRICAL DESIGN - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

Still, Alfred - ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL DES GN - New York McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

American Institute of Electrical Engineering - PUBLISH¬ INGS, PAPERS, REPORTS, etc.

6. Heat, Refrigeration and Ventilation Drafting

Day, Louis J. - STANDARD PLUMBING DETAILS - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

MacIntyre, H.J. - REFRIGERATING ENGINEERING - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Severns, William H. - HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CON¬ DITIONING FUNDAMENTALS - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Starbuck, R.M. - MECHANICAL DRAWING FOR PLUMBERS - New York - Norman W. Henley Publishing Co.

Strohm, R.J. - PLUMBING DRAWING - Scranton, Pa. - Inter¬ national Textbook Co.

Woolrich, W.R. - HANDBOOK OF REFRIGERATING ENGINEERING - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

7. Machine Drafting

Anthony, G.C. - MACHINE DRAWING - Boston, Mass. - D. C.

Heath and Co.

-81-

BIBLIOGRAPHY \


7. Machine drafting - continued

Benetry, W. - SKETCHES OF ENGINE AND MACHINE DETAILS - Chapman

Berard and Waters - MACHINE DESIGN - New York - D. Van Nostrand

Berg, S. and Elleson, G. - MACHINE DRAWING PROBLEMS - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Budge, A. - MACHINE DRAWING FOR STUDENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - Glasgow C4 - Blackie & Son Ltd.

Colvin, F.H. - MACHINE SH OP DRAWINGS - New York - McGraw- Hill Book Co. Inc.

Fortman, R.H. and McKinney, J. - BLUEPRINT READING FOR THE MACHINE TRADES - Chica go. Ill. - American Technical Society

Fulten, R.B. - PROBLEMS IN MACHINE DRAWING - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

Gates, P. - JIGS, TOOLS AND FIXTURES - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Johnson, L.A. - FIRST STEPS IN MACHINE DRAWING AND DESIGN - London, S.E.15 - Pitt's Popular Publications.

Jones, T. and T.G. - MACHINE DRAWING FOR ENGINEERING STUD¬ ENTS - Heywood

*

Marshall, W.C. t ELEMENTARY MACHINE DRAWING AND DESIGN - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.

Pryer, F.J. - MACHINE DRAWING FOR STUDENTS - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

Reid, J.S. and Reid, D. - TEXTBOOK OF MECHANICAL DRAWING AND ELEMENTARY MACHINE DESIGN - New York - John Wiley

and Sons Inc.

-82-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


7. Machine drafting - continued

Robson, J.H. - MACHINE DRAWING AND SKETCHING FOR BEGINNERS - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Spooner, H.J. - MACHINE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND DRAWING - New York - Longmans, Green & Co.

Svensen, C.L. - MACHINE DRAWING - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Starkey, L.C. - NOTES ON MECHANICAL DRAWING, GRAPHIC STATICS, MACHINE DESIGN AND KINEMATICS - Philadelphia, Pa. - L. C. Starkey

Sylvester, F.L. - SELF-TAUGHT MECHANICAL DRAWING AND ELEMEN¬ TARY MACHINE DESIGN - New York - Norman W. Henley Pub¬ lishing Co.

Tozer, E.F. and Rising, H.A. - MACHINE DRAWING - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

Turner, W.W. - ESSENTIALS OF MECHANICAL DRAWING - New York- John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Westinghouse, C. - PRACTICAL MECHANICAL DRAWING AND MACHINE DESIGN SELF TAUGHT - Chicago, Ill. - Frederick J. Drake

and Company ,

MACHINERY MAGAZINE - Industrial Press - New York

8. Mining Drafting

Brunt on, D.W. and Davis, John A. - MODERN TUNNELING - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Lewis, K.S. - ELEMENTS OF MINING - New York - John Wiley

and Sons Inc.

Mawson, F. - MIMING HAND SKETCHING AND DRAWING - London

SW1 - E. and F.N. Spon Ltd.

-83-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


8. Mining Drafting - continued

Peele, Robert - MINING ENGINEERS’ HANDBOOK - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Staley, W.W. - MINE PLANT DESIGN - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc.

Young, George J. - ELEMENTS OF MINING - New York - McGraw- Hill Book Co. Inc.

9. Naval Drafting

Bealer, R.M. - PROBLEMS IN BOAT MAKING - Peofria, Ill. - The Manual Arts Press.

Cavileer, John ,W. - MODEL BOAT BUILDING - Milwaukee, Wise. The Bruce Publishing Co.

Horst, Claude, W. - MODEL BOATS FOR BOYS - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

MacGibbon, W.C. - MARINE ENGINEERS’ DRAWING BOOK FOR BOARD OF TRADE EXAMINATIONS - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Staff of Dept, of Marine Engineering - NAVAL ENGINEERING - Anapolis, Md. - U. S. Naval Academy

Svensen, Carl L. - A HANDBOOK ON PIPING - New York - McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc.

10. Patent Office Drafting

Rhodes, Fred H. - PATENT LAW FOR CHEMISTS, ENGINEERS AND EXECUTIVE - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

Richards and Geier - PATENT AND PRACTICE - New York

U. S. Patent Office - RULES OF PRACTICE - Washington, D.C.

Usher, A.P. - HISTORY OF MECHANICAL INVENTIONS - New York -

McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

-84-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


10. Patent Office Drafting - continued

Wright, M. - PROTECTION Co. Inc.

INVENTIONS, PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS - THEIR AND PROMOTION - New York - McGraw-Hill Book

11. Radio Drafting

Henney, Keith - PRINCIPLES OF RADIO - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Moyer, James A. and Wostrel, John F. - RADIO CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIRING - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

Sterling, George E. - THE RADIO MANUAL - New York, N. Y. - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Terman, F.E. - FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIO - New York - McGraw- Hill Book Co. Inc.

12. Railroad Drafting

Allen, C.F. - RAILROAD CURVES AND EARTHWORK - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

Searles, Wm. H. - THE RAILROAD SPIRAL - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Webb, Walter L. - RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Willard, W.C. - MAINTENANCE OF WAY AND STRUCTURES - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

Wilson, Winter L. - ELEMENTS OF RAILROAD TRACK AND CONSTRU¬ CTION - NeweYork - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

13. Sheetmetal Drafting

Bell and Shaeffer - METALWORKING PROJECTS - Peoria, Ill. - The Manual Arts Press

Bick, A.F. - ARTISTIC METALWORK - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.


BIBLIOGRAPHY

-86-

13. Sheetmetal Drafting - continued

Butler, John B. - METALWORK JOB SHEETS - Peoria, Ill. - The Manual Arts Press

Givers, H.C. - BLUEPRINT READING AND SHOP SKETCHING FOR THE METAL TRADES - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Hardy, C.E. - PRELIMINARY MACHINE DRAWING COURSE - New York - Longmans, Green & Co.

Hobbs, Douglas B. - ALUMINUM - Milwaukee, Wise. - The Bruce Publishing Co.

International Correspondence Schools - DRAWING FOR SHEET METAL WORKS - Scranton, Pa. - International Textbook Co.

Reagan, James E. and Smith, Earl E. - METAL SPINNING - Mil¬ waukee, Wise., - The Bruce Publishing Co.

Tustison, F.E. and Kranzuuch, R.F. - METALWORK ESSENTIALS - Milwaukee, Wise. - The Bruce Publishing Co.

14. Statistical Drafting and Graphic Chart Making

American Geographical Society of New York - NOTES ON STATIS¬ TICAL MAPPING - American Geographical Society

Arkin, H. and Colton, R.R. - GRAPHS: HOW TO MAKE AND USE THEM - Harper

Bennett, G.R. - GRAPHIC ARITHMETIC - Schofield

Brinton, W.C. - GRAPHIC METHODS FOR PRESENTING FACTS - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Brinton, W.C. - GRAPHIC PRESENTATION - New York - Brinton Association

Burgess, T.O. - ELEMENTARY STATISTICS AND GRAPHICS - Burgess.

Chesire, L. and others - COMPUTING DIAGRAMS FOR THE TETRACHORIC CORRELATION COEFFICIENT - Chicago - University of Chicago

Bookstore

-80-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


14. Statistical Drafting and Graphic Chart Making - continued

Clark, A.L. - ELEMENTARY GRAPHIC PRESENTATION AND COMPU¬ TATION - Edwards Bros.

Clark, W. - GANTT CHART - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

Cole, G.W. - GRAPHS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO SPECULATION - Peoria, Ill. - Bernbee Press

Durell, C.V. and Siddons, A.W. - GRAPH BOOK - G. Bell

pichter, C.C. - ENGINEERS1 CONDENSED DATA - Nickerson and Collins Co.

Hewes and Seward - DESIGN OP DIAGRAMS FOR ENGINEERING FOR¬

MULAS -

Gowley, H.R. - USEFUL GRAPHS AND CHARTS - Rydge

Kearton, W.J. and Wood, G. - ALIGNMENT CHARTS FOR ENGINEERS AND STUDENTS - London WC2 - Charles Griffin & Co. Ltd.

Lehoczky, P.N. - ALIGNMENT CHARTS - Ohio State University

Macaulay, F.R. - SMOOTHING OF TIME SERIES - New York - The

Macmillan Co.

Mackey, C.O. - GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS - New York - John Wiley

& Sons Inc.

„ ,w „ TWTFRMINATION of the graphic forms and the “^FREQUENCE'S OF t“ FORMS EMPLOYED IN THE CURRENT READING

MATTER OF THE NON-SPECIALIST. - Unive ^ 1

Makin, F. B. - PRACTICAL STATISTICS - Gee

Modley, R. - HOW TO USE PICTORIAL STATISTICS - Harper

Morris F.T. - CONSTRUCTION OF NOMOGRAPHIC CHARTS - Scranton-

M Pa! - International Textbook Co.

National Forum - SOCIAL PROBLEMS VISUALIZED - Chicago -

National Forum

T „ rnAPHIC METHODS FOR PRESENTING BUSINESS Riggleman, J.R. - GRAPH Mpf5raw-Wiley Book Co. Inc.

STATISTICS - New York - McGraw mioj

BIBLIOGRAPHY


14. Statistical Drafting and Graphic Chart Making - continued

Rose, T.G. - BUSINESS CHARTS - New York - Pitman Publishing Company

Schorling, R. and Clark, J.R. - USE OP GRAPHS - World Book

Smith, H.G. - FIGURING WITH GRAPHS AND SCALES - Stanford University Press

Strickland, R.G. - STUDY OP THE POSSIBILITIES OP GRAPHS AS A MEANS OP INSTRUCTION IN THE FIRST POUR GRADES OP THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL - Teachers’ College

Taylor, 0. - CHARTS: HOW TO MAKE AND READ THEM - Stock Market

VanVoorhis, M.G. - HOW TO MAKE ALIGNMENT CHARTS - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

Weld, W.E. - PRINCIPLES OP CHARTING - Boston - Barron’s Book Department

Wright, J. - NOTES ON STATISTICAL MAPPING - American Geo¬ graphical Society *

15. Structural Drafting

Baker, S. - STRUCTURAL DRAWING - Scranton, Pa. - International Textbook Co.

Bishop, C.T. - STRUCTURAL DESIGN - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Brahdy and Landsman - CONSTRUCTION DRAWING - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Browning, W.D. - COMPLETE COURSE IN STRUCTURAL DRAFTING, - Ithaca, N. Y. - Comstock Publishing

Dufour, F.o. - STRUCTURAL DRAFTING - Chicago - American Tech-

nical Society

Dunstan, G.H . - CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING - G. H. Dunstan

Edminster, C.F. - STRUCTURAL DRAWING - New York - Scientific

Book Company

-88-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


Structural Drafting - continued

Hasluck, P.N. - DRAWINGS FOR BRICKLAYERS - London - Cassell and Co. Ltd.

Hasluck, P.N. - DRAWINGS FOR STONEMASONS - London - Cassell and Co. Ltd.

Moses, J.C. - SHOP HINTS FOR STRUCTURAL DRAFTSMEN - England News

Topographic Drafting and Map Making

Sloane, R.C. and Montz, J.M. - ELEMENTS OF TOPOGRAPHIC DRAW¬ ING - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co.Inc.

Stuart, Edwin R. - TOPOGRAPHICAL DRAWING - New York - McGraw- Hill Book Co. Inc.

Talley, B. B. - ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF AERIAL AND TERRES¬ TRIAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

U. S. Geological Survey - PUBLISHINGS, PAPERS, REPORTS, ETC. - Washington, D. C.

Woodwork Drafting

Bryant, Frederick J. - FURNITURE PROJECTS - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Bryant, Frederick, J. - WORKING DRAWINGS OF COLONIAL FURNITURE Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

DeVette, William A. - 100 PROBLEMS IN WOODWORK - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Gottshall, Franklin H. - SIMPLE COLONIAL FURNITURE - Milwauk¬ ee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Gottshall, Franklin H. - HOW TO DESIGN PERIOD FURNITURE - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Griffith, D.S. - PROJECTS FOR BEGINNING WOODWORK AND MECHANICAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

-89-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


17. Woodwork Drafting - continued

Griffith, D.S. - CORRELATED COURSES IN WOODWORK AND MECH¬ ANICAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press.

Griffith, Ira S. - FURNITURE MAKING - Peoria, Ill. - The Manual Arts Press

Griffith, Ira S. - PROJECTS FOR BEGINNING WOODWORD AND MECHANICAL DRAWING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press.

Harmes, Earl - FURNITURE OF YESTERDAY AND TODAY - Milwau¬ kee, Wise. - The Bruce Publishing Co.

Harmes, Earl - FURNITURE FOR THE AMATEUR CRAFTSMAN - Mil¬ waukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Hasluck, P.N. - DRAWING FOR CARPENTERS AND JOINERS - London - Cassell and Co. Ltd.

Hjorth, Herman - Wise. - Bruce

BASIC WOODWORKING PROCESSES - Milwaukee, Publishing Co.

Hjorth, Herman - ■Wise. - Bruce

PRINCIPLES OF WOODWORKING - Milwaukee, Publishing Co.

Hjorth, Herman - FORTY PIECES OF FINE FURNITURE - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Hjorth, Herman - REPRODUCTION OF ANTIQUE FURNITURE - Mil¬ waukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Houston,Public Schools - BENCH WOODWORK - BOOKS I AND II - Houston, Texas

Hunt, W. B. - RUSTIC CONSTRUCTION - Milwaukee, Wise. - The Bruce Publishing Co.

Hunter, William L. - WOOD TURNING PROBLEMS IN BLUEPRINT FORM - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts press

Klenke, W.W. - SELECTED FURNITURE DRAWING - Peoria, Ill.

Manual Arts Press

-90-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


17, Woodwork Drafting - continued

Klenke, William W. - THINGS TO MAKE AND HOW TO MAKE THEM - Peoria, Ill, - Manual Arts Press

Lukowitz, Joseph J. - 50 POPULAR WOODWORKING PROJECTS - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Lukowitz, J. J. and Madsen, A.S. - PROBLEMS IN FURNITURE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co*

Nelson, Howard C. - BEGINNING WOODWORK PROJECTS - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts press

Nelson, Howard C. - ADVANCED PROJECTS IN WOODWORKING - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

National Committee on Wood Utilization - FURNITURE: ITS SELECTION AND USE - U. S. Department of Commerce

T* 1 . yr, + ? "Vi

Shaver’ Richard - FURNITURE BOYS LIKE TO BUILD - Milwau¬ kee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Go.

Shea and Wenger - COLONIAL FURNITURE - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Shea and Wenger - PROVINCIAL FURNITURE - Milwaukee, Wise. Bruce Publishing Co.

Wise, Harold R. - ELEMENTARY WOODWORKING PROJECTS - Peoria Ill. - Manual Arts Press

?forst, Edward F. - PROBLEMS IN WOODWORK - Milwaukee, Wise. Bruce Publishing Co.

-91-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MECHANICAL DRAWING MISCELLANEOUS

. Lettering

Ames, Irene K. - A PORTFOLIO OF ALPHABET DESIGNS FOR ARTISTS, ARCHITECTS, DESIGNERS AND CRAFTSMEN

Andreyeff, B. - MODERN LETTERING - Waldwick, N.J. - Fair- baifii Publishers

Bell, S. - MODERN TICKET AND SIGN WRITING - Foulsham

Bergling, J.M. - ART MONOGRAMS AND LETTERING - Chicago - J. M. Bergling.

Birtles, T.G. - SIGN WRITING - Studio

Bowman, E.L. - LEARNING TO LETTER IN INCLINED GOTHIC - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Bowman, E.L. - LEARNING TO LETTER IN VERTICAL GOTHIC - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Campana, D.M. - BOOK OF MONOGRAMS AND FANCY LETTERS - Campana

Carlyle, P. and Oring, G« - LETTERS AND LETTERING - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Carlyle, P. and Oring. G. - LEARNING TO LETTER - New York McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.

Chappell, W. -• ANATOMY OF LETTERING - Loring and Mussey

Cote, R.E. - APPLIED LETTERING - Milwaukee, Wise. - R. E. Cote.

Doust, L.A. - MANUAL ON LETTERING AND LAYOUT - Warne

Down, M.G. - PEN LETTERING FOR BEGINNERS - New York - Pit¬ man Publishing Co.

Evetts, L.C. - ROMAN LETTERING - New York - Pitman Publish ing Co.

-92-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


1. Lettering - continued

Poster, W.T. - A.B.C. OP LETTERING - W. T. Poster

George, R.F. - MODERN LETTERING FOR PEN AND BRUSH POSTER DESIGN - Camden, N.J. - Hunt Pen Co.

George, R.F. - SPEEDBALL TEXTBOOK - Camden, N.J. - Hunt Pen Co. - C. Howard

Girault, J. - ALBUM GRAPHIQUE D1 ALPHABETS IN PORTFOLIO - New York - P. A. Struck

Heller, M.L. - HOW TO IETTER - Bridgman

Hewitt, G. - LETTERING - Musson

Higgins, W. - PEN PRACTICE - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Hoffmann, H. - MODERN LETTERING - Perleberg

Holme, G. - LETTERING OP TODAY - Studio

Hunt, W. Ben. and Hunt, Ed. C. - SINGLE STROKE ALPHABETS - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Hunt, W.Ben. and Hunt, E.C. - LETTERING OF TODAY - Mil¬ waukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Hunt, W. Ben. and Hunt, Ed. C. - SIXTY ALPHABETS - Mil¬ waukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Imelli, A. - BOOK OF ALPHABETS AND LAYOUTS, DESIGNS, SCROLLS, PANEL ENDS, DESCRIPTIVE MATTER - Signs of the Times.

Jackson, G.W. - LETTERING FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS - Lane.

Johnston, E. - WRITING, ILLUMINATING AND LETTERING - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

Lemos, P.J. - LETTERING - Davis Press

Longyear, W. - PRACTICAL FOLIO OF LETTERING ON PROGRESSIVE PLATES - Bridgman.

Mitchell, P.J. - PRACTICAL LETTERING AND LAYOUT - New York - Macmillan Co.

Myers, E. E. and Barr, P. E. - CREATIVE LETTERING -Burgess

-93-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


1. Lettering - continued

Newell, H. - KAY LETTERING BOOK - Angus

Ornstein, S.A. - LETTERING FOR FUN - Bridgman

Pearson, F.A. - TICKET AND SHOW CARD DESIGNING - New York - Pitman Publishing Co,

Perleberg, H.C. - COMPLETE MODERN LETTERING, DESIGN AND APPLICATION - Perleberg,

Price, C.M. - LETTERING - Art Education

Price, C.M. - LETTERING, ITS HISTORY, PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE - Art Education

Reinhardt, C. W. - LETTERING FOR DRAFTSMEN - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co, Inc,

Schumann, G. H. - LETTERING PRACTICE LAYOUTS - New York - D, Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Smith, P.J. - LETTERING - Oxford

Stone, A. R. - BOOK OF LETTERING - A. & C. Black

Streetor, W.D, - CONSTRUCTIVE LETTERING - Bridgman

Stuart, A.F. and Crisp, 0. - LETTERING FOR BRUSH AND PEN - Warne

Svensen, Carl - THE ART OF LETTERING - New York - McGraw- Hill Book Co,Inc.

Tannahill, S.B. - PfS AND Q'S - Doubleday

Tanner, R. - LETTERING FOR CHILDREN - Dryad

Thompson, T. - SCRIPT LETTERS - Studio

Trevo, L.E.R. - MODERN LETTERING - Toronto - Ryerson Press

Tripp, A.E. - MODERN LETTERING AND DESIGN - F.J. Drake

Wade, A.C. - MODERN LETTERING FROM A TO Z - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

Wagner, G.L.H. - BLUEPRINT TEXTBOOK OF SEN AND SOW CARD LETTERING - Humphries.

-94-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


1* Lettering - continued

Welo, S. - STUDIO HANDBOOK - P. J. Drake 1935

Welo, S. - STUDIO HANDBOOK - p.J. Drake 1939

Willis, C.S. - POCKET BOOK OP LETTERING - England - C. S. Willis.

2. Geometrical Construction

Campana, D.M. - TEACHER OP GEOMETRICAL DRAWING - Chicago - Campana Art Co.

Dean, W.R. and Jolly, H. - PERSPECTIVE AND GEOMETRICAL DRAWING - New York - Oxford University Press

Higbee, Frederic G. - 101 PROBLEMS IN DRAWING BOARD GEO¬ METRY - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Higbee, Frederick G. - DRAWING BOARD GEOMETRY - New York - John Wiley and Sons Inc.

International Correspondence Schools - GEOMETRICAL DRAWING

Paynter, J.E. - PRACTICAL GEOMETRY FOR BUILDERS AND ARCH¬ ITECTS - Chapman

Schorling, R. and Clark, J.R. - CONSTRUCTIONS : USING GEOMETRY IN PRACTICAL DRAWING - World Boo k Co.

3. Workshop

Cobaugi, H.B. - SHOP DRAWING FO R BEGINNERS - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Darling, H.A. and Clarke, F.C. - COURSE OF WORKSHOP DRAW¬ ING - Glasgow - Blackie and Son Ltd.

George, V.C. - ADVANCED SHOP DRAWING - New York - McGraw- Hill Book Co. Inc.

Schools - READING SHOP BLUE- Internaticnal Textbook Co.

Co.Inc.

-95-

BIBLIOGRAPHY

.MECHANICAL DRAWING MISCELLANEOUS

3* Workshop - continued

Longiband, W. - HOW TO READ WORKSHOP DRAWINGS - London - Percival Marshall & Co. Ltd.

Longland, W. - HOW TO READ A WORKSHOP DRAWING - Sampscn Publishing ^

Parkinson, A.C. - ENGINEERING WORKSHOP DRAWING - New York Pitman Publishing Co. 1929

Parkinson, A. - ENGINEERING WORKSHOP DRAWING - New York Pitman Publishing Co. 1934

Spooner, H.J. - ENGINEERING WORKSHOP DRAWING - New York - Longmans, Green & Co.

Windoes, R.P. - SHOP SKETCHING - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Wooley, J.W. and Meredith, R.B. - SHOP SKETCHING - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co.Inc.

4. Engineering

Bartlett, P.W. and Johnson,T.W. - ENGINEERING DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY AND DRAWING - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc

Boardman, H. * GRADED AND CLASSIFIED ENGINEERING DRAWING EXERCISES, AND WORKSHOP PRACTICE QUESTIONS - England - Comfort.

Carter, I. - N. ENGINEERING DRAWING - Scranton, Pa. - International Textbook Co.

Carter, I. - N. Engineering Drawing - Ann Arbor, Mich. - Edwards Bros. Inc.

Cleary, o.F. - DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY FOR ENGINEERS - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Crittenden, C.L. and others - DRAFTSMAN’S BLUE BOOK OF ENGINEERING DAT A aND REFERENCE SHEETS - Los Angeles, Calif, - C.L. Crittenden.

Cryer, A. - ENGINEERING DRAWING FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS IN SCIENCE CLASSES, TECHNICAL SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, AND FOR HOME STUDY - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

-96-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


4. Engineering - continued

Duncan, J. - INTRODUCTION 'TO ENGINEERING DRAWING Macmillan Co. ' - New York

French, T.E. and McCully, H.M. - ENGINEERING DRAWING -

trench, T.E. - MANUAL OK ENGINEERING DRAWING FOR STUDENTS AND DRAFTSMEN - New York - McGraw-Hill Boo k Co.Inc.

Genthon, J. P. - ASSISTANT ENGINEER BOOK - Chief Publishing Co.

Hoelscher, R.P. - GUIDE TO THE STUDY OF ENGINEERING DRAWING New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Hood, George, J. - GEOMETRY OF ENGINEERING DRAWING - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co.Inc.

Institution of Engineers - RECOMMENDED ENGINEERING DRAWING PRACTICE - Sydney, N.S.W. - The Institution, Science Hous

Jones, H. A. & Longhurst, T.J. - ENGINEERING DRAWING - Van¬ couver, B.G. - Clarke and Stuart Co.Ltd.

Jordan, H.H. and Hoelscher, R.P.- ENGINEERING DRAWL NG - New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc,

Kennedy, F.L. - OUTLINE OF ENGINEERING - H arvayd University

Leeds, C.C. - PRINCIPLES OF ENGINEERING DRAWING FOR TECH¬ NICAL STUDENTS - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co. Inc.

Mann, C.V. - OBJECTIVE TESTS IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AS APPLIED TO ENGINEERING DRAWING AND DESCRIPT IVE GEOMETRY - New York - McGraw-Hill Book Co.Inc.

Maxton, J. - MANUAL OF ENGINEERING DRAWING - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co.Inc.

Parkinson, A.C. - INTERMEDIATE ENGINEERING DRAWL NG - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

Parkinson, A.C. - FIRST YEAR ENGINEERING DRAWING - New York - Pitman Publishing Co.

Rodger, J.M. - ENGINEERING DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS AND QUANTTTIES - London - Ernest Benn Ltd.

Smith, W.G. - ENGINEERING DRAP1 TING - New York - McGraw-

Hill Book Co.Inc.

-97-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


4. Engineering - continued

Svensen, C.L. - DRAFTING FOR ENGINEERS - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co, Inc.

Svensen, C.L. - DRIFTING FOR ENGINEERS - New York - D. Van Nostrand Co.Inc.

Smith, A.L. - NOTES ON TECHNICAL SKETCHING AND FREE HMD LETTERING FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS - Worcester, Mass. - A.L. Smith.

Wells, S.H. - ENGINEERING DRAWING AND DESIGN - London - Charles Griffin & Co. Ltd.

Wells, S.H. - TEXTBOOK OF ENGINEERING DRAWING AND DESIGN - Philadelphia, Pa. - J. B. Lippincott Co.

Willson, F.N. - PRACTICAL ENGINEERING DRAWING AND THIRD MGLE PROJECTION - Princeton, N.J. - F. N. Willson

Winstanley, H. H. - ENGINEERING DRAWING - London - Edward Arnold & Co.

5. Industrial

Armengaud, J.E. and others - PRACTICAL DRAUGHTSMAN'S BOOK OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN - New York - Henry Carey Baird

& Co. Inc.

Gaillard, John - INDUSTRIAL STANDARDIZATION - New York

H. W. Wilson Co.

Jepson, G. - ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF INDUSTRIAL DRAWING -

Boston - George Jepson

Kerekes, F. - ENGINEERING DRAWING THEORIES WITH APPLIC¬ ATIONS - New York - John Wiley & ons Inc.

Krone’s System of Industrial Drawing - Krone Bros.

_ T> t? - industrial drawing - Mahan, D.H. and Thomp® n, D.P. U DU. n New York - John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Smith, W. - ADDRESS ON TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND INDUSTRIAL

DRAWING - U. S. Education

Spooner, H.J. - INDUSTRIAL DRAWING AND ENGINEERING - New

York - Longmans, Green & Co.

-98-

BIBLIOGRAPHY


5. Industrial - continued

Sullivan, C.G. - ECLESTIC INDUSTRIAL DRAWING - New York - American Book Co.

6. Examinations

Baxter, - MECHANICAL DRAWING - PERFORMANCE TEST - Mil¬ waukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Castle, D.W. - MECHANICAL DRAWING TEXT - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

Crawford, C.C. - THE TECHNIQUE OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION - University of Southern California

Fischer - MECHANICAL DRAWING TESTS - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce publishing Co.

Hunter, Wm. L. - SHOP TESTS - Peoria, Ill.-Manual Arts Press

Nash and Van Duzee- INDUSTRIAL ARTS TESTS FOR MECHANICAL DRAWING - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Nash and Van Duzee - MECHANICAL DRAWING TEST - Milwaukee, Wise. - Bruce Publishing Co.

Rowe, C.E. - READING TESTS - University of Texas

Ruch, G.M. - THE OBJECTIVE OR NEW TYPE EXAMINATION - Chicago Scott, Foresman & Co.

Ruch, G.M. & Rice, G.A. - SPECIMEN OBJECTIVE EXAMINATIONS Chicago - Scott, Foresman & Co.

Wells, George K. and Laubach, M.L. - MECHANICAL DRAWING TEST - Peoria, Ill. - Manual Arts Press

-99-

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author wishes to express his deep appreciation and

gratitude for the many valuable suggestions given him by

his advisor. Professor Winthrop S. Welles, during the pre¬

paration of this nroblem. The writer is indebted, also,

to those Mechanical Drawing instructors who so graciously

granted him interviews for the exoressed purpose of dis¬

cussing matters nertaining to the author's nroblem.

Approved by:

Date ( ^ o

-

Documents

A study of mechanical drawing to determine a suitable