CENTRE OF STUDIES FOR BUILDING SURVEYINGFACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

UNIVERSITITEKNOLOGI MARA

A STUDY OF DEFECTS ON HISTORIC BUILDINGS IN MALACCA

NOR HAYA BINTI YAHAYA (2010302627)

Academic Project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirementsfor the degree of

Bachelor of Building Surveying (Hons)Centre of Studies for Building Surveying

Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying

July 2013

CENTRE OF STUDIES FOR BUILDING SURVEYINGFACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

UNIVERSITITEKNOLOGI MARA

A STUDY OF DEFECTS ON HISTORIC BUILDINGS IN MALACCA

“I hereby declare that this academic project is the result of my own research except for the quotation and summary which have been acknowledged”

Student’s Name : Nor Haya Binti YahayaSignature

UITM No 2010302627Date July 15th 2013

CENTRE OF STUDIES FOR BUILDING SURVEYINGFACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING AND SURVEYING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

ACADEMIC PROJECT BSB 608 & BSB 658

CONFIRMATION OF ACADEMIC PROJECT AMENDMENTSThis is to confirm that the student has amended his/her

academic project as directed and therefore allowed to compiles

Student’s Name UITM No.Title

Nor Hay a Binti Yahaya2010302627A Study Of Defects On Historic Buildings In Malacca

Supervisor’s Name Signature

Sr. Dr. Hjh Robiah Binti Abd Rashid

Date July 15th 2013

ABSTRACT

Nowadays, Malaysia is a country that well-known has a famous on the legacy of historic buildings with outstanding craftsmanship and architecture quality and the past history and event. They form an impressive historic features and heritage of the past work of man. It is important to conserve and preserve historic buildings because they provide a sense of identity and continuity in a fast changing world for future generations.

However some of these buildings are at risk from defects and are not being well careand not proper maintenance due to lack of technical knowledge and will hire the high cost for remedial work and maintenances.

Historic building is a building that has a significance of a unique architecture which relates to its past history and events of construction. The defects at historic building are commonly occurs at the historic building due to lack of maintenance, lack of awareness to maintain the historic buildings, lack of expertise contractor to carried out the conservation, and climate area. The objectives of the study are to study the types of building defects, to identify and analyze the causes of building defects and lastly to recommend the best method for the remedial work.

The research methodology that was carried out by the researcher has to be implementing through at this study. The researcher uses the primary and secondary to gather the information and gain the knowledge. The interviewed and observation that was carried out at the both case study to meet the parties involve especially on the conservation projects. MrLuth and Mrfaiza! who’s the person directly involve during the interviewed session also not forgettable Madam MasyitahBintiAbd Aziz.

The finding to this study, the researcher will conclude that, there are found the several types of building defects are commonly occur at the historic buildings. There are some factors govern that causing the building defects at historic buildings. The finding also has been made based on regarding the both case study. Last but not least, the recommendation for the new work especially on the remedial work has been recommended at the end of this study.

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LIST OF CONTENT

ACKNOWLEGMENT iABSTRACT iiLIST OF FIGURE iiiLIST OF PHOTO vLIST OF TABLE ivLIST OF ABBREVIATION iiv

CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND OF STUDY

1.0 Introduction 11.2 Problem Statement 31.3 Objective of Study 61.4 Scope of Study 61.5 Study of Methodology 7

CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction 82.1 Defects 92.2 Historic building 102.3 Defects on historic building 132.3.1 Structural Defects 13

2.3.1.1 Roof Defect 132.3.1.2 Cracking of Wall/Leaning Wall 142.3.1.3 Defective Plastered Rendering 14

2.3.2 Non- Structural Defects 142.1.2.1 Fungus 152.1.2.2 Damage of Mortar 152.1.2.3 Broken Wall Plaster 152.1.2.4 Salt Attacks 152.1.2.5 Timber Decay 152.1.2.6 Peeling of Paint 162.1.2.7 Poor installation of Air Conditioning Units 162.1.2.8 Defective Rainwater Goods 172.1.2.9 Decayed Floorboard 17

A STUDY OF DEFECTS ON HISTORIC BUILDINGS IN MALACCALIST OF CONTENTACKNOWLEDGEMENTABSTRACTLIST OF FIGURELIST OF PHOTOLIST OF TABLELIST OF ABBREVIATIONSCHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY1.0 Introduction1.2 Problem Statement1.3 Objective of Study1.4 Scope of Study and limitation1.6 Research Study

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW2.0 Introduction2.1 Defects2.2 Historic building2.3 Defect on historic building2.3.1 Structural Defects

2.4 REPAIRING ON HISTORIC BUILDINGS2.5 CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY3.0 Introduction3.1 Literature Review3.2 Data collection3.2.1 Primary data3.2.2 Secondary Data

3.3 Case Study3.4 Data Analysis3.5 Conclusion and Recommendation

CHAPTER 4 BACKGROUND OF CASE STUDY4.0 Introduction4.1 CASE STUDY 14.1.1 Background of Stadhuys4.1.2 Location of Stadhuys4.1.3 Owner of the building4.1.4 List of building finishes4.1.5 Architectural styles

4.2 CASE STUDY 24.2.1 History background of Masjid Kampung Kling4.2.2 Location Plan4.2.3 Owner of the building4.2.4 List of Finishes at Masjid Kampung Kling4.2.5 Architectural Styles of mosques in Malaysia

CHAPTER 5 FINDING AND ANALYSIS5.0 Introduction5.1 Analysis and finding defects on historic building at Stadhuys5.1.1 Loose of terracotta roof tiles5.1.2 Decay at timber roof trusses5.1.3 Broken at Rainwater Downpipe5.1.4 Rising damp at Wall5.1.5 Flaking of paintwork5.1.6 Decay at timber window frame5.1.7 Decay at timber door frame5.1.8 Decay at Floorboard5.1.9 Dampness External Wall5.1.10 Discolouration of Paintwork at External Wall

5.2 Analysis and finding defect at Masjid Kampung Kling5.2.1 Loose of tiles5.2.2 Discolouration of rough iron railing5.2.3 Discolouration of Paintwork5.2.4 Flaking of Paintwork5.2.5 Dampness at external5.2.6 Loose tiles and falling off at internal wall5.2.7 Timber decay at door arch frame

5.3 Finding5.3.1 Interview at Stadhuys5.3.2 Interview at Masjid Kampung Kling

5.4 Analysis from interview session and observation5.5 Summary

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION6.0 Introduction6.1 Summary of Finding6.1.1 Objectives One: To study types of building defects that occurs in historic buildings

6.2 Objective Two: To identify and analyze the building causes that occurs in the historic buildings.6.3 Terracotta tiles Roofing6.4 Roof Structure6.5 Gutter and Rainwater Downpipe6.6 Internal Wall6.7 Timber Floor6.8 PAINTING WORK6.8.1 Existing Timber Surfaces (Wood Coloured)6.8.2 New Timber surfaces (Wood Coloured)6.8.3 All Plastered Surfaces (Existing)6.8.4 All existing timeber surfaces (Gloss Enamel Painted)6.8.5 All new timber surfaces (Gloss Enamel Painted)6.8.9 All Metal Surfaces

6.9 Termite treatment and control

REFERENCESAPPENDICES