A statistical framework elaborated by MEDIA Salles

A statistical framework elaborated by MEDIA Salles

Talk by Elisabetta Brunella, Secretary General, MEDIA Salles

CINEMA-GOING IN EUROPE

FOCUS ON MULTIPLEXES

25 February 2004

MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government


www.mediasalles.it

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Var % 98/02

97 597 97 431 94 485 106 183 101 346 3,8%

CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE AND MEDITERRANEAN RIM

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Var % 95/02

Var % 98/02

682 883 732 922 787 352 845 659 833 991 867 314 957 962 966 833 41,6% 14,3%

WESTERN EUROPE

1998 2002 Var % 98/02 943 256 1 068 179 13,2%

TOTAL

Admissions in Europe (x 1 000)


Admissions in the US(millions)

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Var. % 95/02

Var.% 00/02

USA 1 262,6 1 338,6 1 387,7 1 480,7 1 465,2 1 420,8 1 487,3 1 639,3 29,8% 15,4%


1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002var% 02/95

var% 02/00

Western Europe 19 560 20 391 21 507 22 717 24 075 25 003 25 864 26 573 35,9% 6,3%

Central and Eastern Europe and Mediterranean Rim

4 539 4 218 4 276 4 355 4 452 4 379 4 701 4 784 5,4% 9,2%

TOTAL 24 099 24 609 25 783 27 072 28 527 29 382 30 565 31 357 30,1% 6,7%

Number of screens in Europe


Number of screens in the US

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Var % 95/02

Var% 00/02

USA 27 805 29 690 31 640 34 186 37 185 37 396 36 764 35 280 +27% -5,7%

Number of theatres in the US (by number of screens)

Total number of Theatres in 2002 6 050

24%

8%28%

40%

Single screen 2-7 screens (Miniplex)

8-15 screens (Multiplex) 16 or more screens (Megaplex)

2001 2002 Var. % 02/01

Single screen 2 280 1 682 -26,2%

2-7 screens (Miniplex) 2 901 2 457 -15,3%

8-15 screens (Multiplex) 1 458 1 437 -1,4%

16 or more screens (Megaplex) 431 474 10,0%

Source: MPAA

Multiplexes in Europe – number of screens(as at 31st October)

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 >16 Total2000 1 256 1 053 1 030 429 912 208 560 270 128 473 6 3192001 1 456 1 233 1 200 528 1 104 312 616 300 192 633 7 5742002 1 576 1 395 1 420 649 1 212 351 714 300 320 756 8 6932003 1 736 1 485 1 480 759 1 320 377 840 345 368 794 9 504

Var% 03/02

10,2% 6,5% 4,2% 16,9% 8,9% 7,4% 17,6% 15,0% 15,0% 5,0% 9,3%

Number of screens

Multiplexes in Europe – number of sites(as at 31st October)

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 >16 Total2003 217 165 148 69 110 29 60 23 23 40 884

Number of screens

Multiplexes in Western Europe: concentration of admissions1998

A . . 48,47% 54,17% 64,12%

B 68,21% 73,30% 75,05% 74,35% 75,90%

CH 5,27% . 11,33% 14,00% 13,75%

D 29,36% 32,80% 37,52% 39,74% 39,60%

DK 16,78% 16,71% 24,97% 27,55% 30,07%

E 29,82% 37,68% 47,56% 53,39% 59,72%

F 30,75% 36,18% 41,15% 45,16% 47,48%

FIN . 30,10% 36,99% 37,76% 34,84%

GR . . . . c. 45,1%

I 4,32% 7,48% 13,28% 16,95% 22,92%

IRL . . 44,96% . .

L 79,74% 80,95% 78,76% 76,05% 75,04%

N 20,61% 21,09% c. 21% 20,65% 20,19%

NL 8,89% 11,30% 15,22% 20,23% 23,34%

S 37,90% 38,60% 31,64% 37,84% .

20021999 2000 2001

Trend of number of screens in multiplexes in Europe

Screens located in multiplexes (sites with at least 8 screens) continuously increase, but with a decreasing rate both in Western and in Central and Eastern Europe.

The growth of screens, especially of those located in multiplexes with 9 and 10 screens and in megaplexes (sites with at least 16 screens), is slowing down.


1999 2000 Var%

00/99

2001 Var%

01/00

2002 Var%

02/01

2003 Var%

03/02

8 screens 1032 1208 17,1% 1376 13,9% 1448 5,2% 1584 9,4%

9 screens 819 1026 25,3% 1179 14,9% 1314 11,5% 1395 6,2%

10 screens 710 950 33,8% 1070 12,6% 1260 17,8% 1310 4,0%

11 screens 319 407 27,6% 473 16,2% 583 23,3% 693 18,9%

12 screens 768 888 15,6% 1056 18,9% 1140 8,0% 1236 8,4%

13 screens 156 182 16,7% 286 57,1% 312 9,1% 338 8,3%

14 screens 434 518 19,4% 588 13,5% 686 16,7% 798 16,3%

15 screens 210 270 28,6% 300 11,1% 300 - 345 15,0%

>=16 screens 476 601 26,3% 805 33,9% 1056 31,2% 1142 8,1%

Total 4924 6050 22,9% 7133 17,9% 8099 13,5% 8841 9,2%

Multiplexes in Western Europe: Number of screens (as at 31st October)


2000 2001 Var%

01/00

2002 Var%

02/01

2003 Var%

03/02

8 screens 48 80 66,7% 128 60,0% 152 18,8%

9 screens 27 54 100,0% 81 50,0% 90 11,1%

10 screens 80 130 62,5% 160 23,1% 170 6,3%

11 screens 22 55 150,0% 66 20,0% 66 -

12 screens 24 48 100,0% 72 50,0% 84 16,7%

13 screens 26 26 - 39 50,0% 39 -

14 screens 42 28 -33,3% 28 - 42 50,0%

15 screens 0 0 - 0 - 0 -

>=16 screens 0 20 - 20 - 20 -

Total 269 441 63,9% 594 34,7% 663 11,6%

Multiplexes in Central, Eastern Europe and Mediterranean Rim:

Number of screens (as at 31st October)

In major markets, the countries with the highest density of screens in multiplexes are Great Britain (59,2%) and Spain (45,8%).

The analysis of the situation of the number of screens during the years shows that the percentage on the total of: the number of screens in sites with 8 or more screens grows, but

with decreasing rates in the last three years; the percentage of screens in multi-screens cinemas shows a small

but constant decrease; the percentage of screens in single-screens cinemas records the

greatest flexion.

Density of screens in multiplexes in the major markets

Density of screens in multiplexes

6,6%

17,1%20,3% 23,1% 25,2% 25,4%

35,4%31,8%

21,4%

13,2%10,5%6,7% 9,9%

40,9%45,8%

7,7%

21,6%17,3%

24,3%

15,2%12,4%9,9%7,1%6,5%

26,3% 28,2%

7,4%4,4%3,1%2,2%0,4%

16,3%12,0%

56,2%53,9%51,0%46,3%

38,9%30,9%

27,6%27,3%

24,5%25,1%

59,2%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Scre

ens

in m

ulti

plex

es(%

of t

he to

tal n

umbe

r of s

cree

ns)

D E F I UK


0,2% 0,2%

-10,8%

26,2%

57,9%

-0,9% -1,5%0,8%1,7%

-2,0% -2,5%

1,7%-1,0% -1,0%

10,7%

-2,2%-0,7%

-1,1%0,1%-0,7%

0,1%-0,8%

8,9%

-4,1%

7,7%10,8%8,6%

30,9% 29,9%

16,0%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Perc

enta

ge v

aria

tions

Number of screens in cinemas with 1 screen

Number of screens in cinemas with 2-7 screens

Number of screens in cinemas with 8 screens or more

Density of screens in monoscreen cinemas, multiscreens and multiplexes – France

(percentage variation)


Density of screens in monoscreen cinemas, multiscreens and multiplexes – Spain


-6,6%0,3%

66,9%

37,5%

88,3%

66,4%

-2,1%-7,4%-8,4% -0,2%

-7,0%-3,0% 1,8%

-0,2%

-6,2%

-1,7%14,2% 11,2% 16,7%

21,6%11,5% 6,9%

-4,5%

4,5%19,4%

71,1%

13,4% 14,3%

21,8%17,9%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Perc

enta

ge v

aria

tions





Density of screens in monoscreen cinemas, multiscreens and multiplexes – Italy


1,5%

72,4%

46,0%

-5,4%

2,9% 1,0%

-1,3%3,4% -3,9% 2,7%

-4,1%

3,7%13,1%

0,4%

22,0%

2,8%

53,4%

20,4%13,3%

20,0%

73,6%

52,4%51,9%

-10%0%

10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Per

cent

age

vari

atio

ns





Density of screens in monoscreen cinemas, multiscreens and multiplexes – United Kingdom


0,5%2,0%

11,7%

-16,2%

0,9%

-11,7%

14,0%

-2,1%

0,3% 5,0%

1,2%

6,0%

-0,4%-3,5%

0,9%-0,3%

10,2%

11,4%13,7%

19,2%

5,6%

19,3%

-2,7%

29,9%

42,5%

20,4%

-20%

-10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Per

cent

age

vari

atio

ns


Number of screens in cinemas with 2-7 screensNumber of screens in cinemas with 8 screens or more


Trend of number of admissions in multiplexes

The density of screens in multiplexes determines in all Countries a concentration of admissions which is more than proportional in those kind of sites and this mainly happens in Belgium, Luxemburg, Austria and Spain

In some countries the number of admissions per seat obtained in multiplexes is strongly higher to that recorded

in other cinemas.


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Density of screens

Con

cent

ratio

n of

adm

issi

ons B

E

L

A

FD

NLI

D

N

Concentration of admissions and density of screens in multiplexes - 2002


Number of admissions per seat in multiplexes and other cinemas - 2002

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000

Admissions per seat in multiplexes

Adm

issi

ons

per

seat

in o

ther

cin

emas

NS

NL

L

F

DK

B

E

D



Admissions in multiplexes grow with fluctuations during the years, depending on the situation of cinema-going, at a loss of other cinemas.

However, the average number of admissions per screen tends to decrease (with a sensitive flexion, in particular during the last year) not only in single-screen and in multi-screen cinemas but also in multiplexes, sometimes more than in other cinemas.



It must be underlined that also the average number of admissions per cinema tends to decrease; this shows that the high number of screens in a multiplex is not sufficient in itself to guarantee an increase in admissions at an overall level of cinemas.

Not ensuring is, at the same way, also the situation of the average

number of admissions per seat in multiplexes that, for instance, in Belgium decreased by 6,7% during the last year.


Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas - Italy

0

20 000 000

40 000 000

60 000 000

80 000 000

100 000 000

120 000 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Total admissions Admissions in multiplexesAdmissions in other cinemas

-12,5% -1,0%+ 7,9%

+6,3%

+ 51,3% +75,9%+37,7

+43,7

-15,4%-7,2% +3,3 -1,4%

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Admissions per screen in multiplexesAdmissions per screen in other cinemas

-0,7%+ 1,3%

-20,1% -1,6%

-20,9% -7,8% + 3,1% -3,5%

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

700 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Admissions per cinema - multiplexesAdmissions per cinema - other cinemas

+0,9%+0,5%

-17,4% -3,3%

-19,0% -5,0% +6,9% -2,8%

Var%99/98 Var%00/99 Var%01/00 Var%02/01

Multiplexes:

Admissions 51,3% 75,9% 37,7% 43,7%

Admissions per screen -0,7% 1,3% -20,1% -1,6%

Admissions per cinema 0,9% 0,5% -17,4% -3,3%

Other cinemas:

Admissions -15,4% -7,2% 3,3% -1,4%

Admissions per screen -20,9% -7,8% 3,1% -3,5%

Admissions per cinema -19,0% -5,0% 6,9% -2,8%

Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas – Italy



Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas - France

0 20 000 000 40 000 000

60 000 000 80 000 000

100 000 000 120 000 000 140 000 000

160 000 000 180 000 000 200 000 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


-9,7% +8,1%+12,0%

-0,7%

-16,8% -0,3% +4,3% -4,9%

+6,2%+22,9%

+4,4+22,9%

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


+10,8% + 6,0%

+10,9% -3,1%

-22,2% +0,5% +4,4% -2,7%

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

700 000

800 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


-16,6%+6,8%

+9,6% -2,9%

-16,4% +0,5% +3,6%-2,6%

Var%99/98 Var%00/99 Var%01/00 Var%02/01

Multiplexes:

Admissions 6,2% 22,9% 22,9% 4,4%

Admissions per screen 10,8% 6,0% 10,9% -3,1%

Admissions per cinema -16,6% 6,8% 9,6% -2,9%

Other cinemas:

Admissions -16,8% -0,3% 4,3% -4,9%

Admissions per screen -22,2% 0,5% 4,4% -2,7%


Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas – France



Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas - Spain

0

20 000 000

40 000 000

60 000 000

80 000 000

100 000 000

120 000 000

140 000 000

160 000 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


+17,1% +3,1%

+ 8,4% -4,2%

+ 48,0%

+30,1%

+21,7%

-17,2%

+4,0%-13,3%

-3,6%

+7,2

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


-11,1%

+ 10,4%

-0,1%

-10,2%

+7,2%-13,7% + 0,0%

-15,5%

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


-13,2%+10,0% +3,3% -4,6%

+4,9% -9,7% +2,6% -13,1%

Var%99/98 Var%00/99 Var%01/00 Var%02/01

Multiplexes:

Admissions 48,0% 30,1% 21,7% 7,2%



Other cinemas:

Admissions 4,0% -13,3% -3,6% -17,2%

Admissions per screen 7,2% -13,7% 0,0% -15,5%

Admissions per cinema 4,9% -9,7% 2,6% -13,1%

Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas – Spain



Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas - Germany

0

20 000 000

40 000 000

60 000 000

80 000 000

100 000 000

120 000 000

140 000 000

160 000 000

180 000 000

200 000 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


+0,1%+2,4%

+ 16,6%-7,9%

-4,8% -4,8%

+12,5-7,7%

+11,8% +17,1% +23,6% -8,2%

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


-10,4% + 0,1%

+12,9%-10,3%

-5,5% -4,1% + 15,5% -8,9%

0

100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


-12,2% -1,1%+12,9%

-10,3%

-0,8% -3,0% +17,3% -9,6%

Var%99/98 Var%00/99 Var%01/00 Var%02/01

Multiplexes:

Admissions 11,8% 17,1% 23,6% -8,2%



Other cinemas:

Admissions -4,8% -4,8% 12,5% -7,7%

Admissions per screen -5,5% -4,1% 15,5% -8,9%


Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas – Germany



Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas - Belgium

0

5 000 000

10 000 000

15 000 000

20 000 000

25 000 000

30 000 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


-13,9%+7,7% + 2,1% +1,4%

-27,7% +0,6% +4,9% -4,7%

-7,4%+10,2% +1,1

+3,6%

0

10 000

20 000

30 000

40 000

50 000

60 000

70 000

80 000

90 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


-8,3%+ 9,2%

-9,0% -3,7%

-25,8%+1,7% +14,1%

-5,8%

0

200 000

400 000

600 000

800 000

1 000 000

1 200 000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002


-7,4%+10,2%

-10,1% +3,6%

-25,8% +0,6% +18,9%

-7,4%

Var%99/98 Var%00/99 Var%01/00 Var%02/01

Multiplexes:

Admissions -7,4% 10,2% 1,1% 3,6%


Admissions per cinema -7,4% 10,2% -10,1% 3,6%

Admissions per seat -7,2% -3,2%

Other cinemas:

Admissions -27,7% 0,6% 4,9% -4,7%



Admissions per seat 21,1% -6,7%

Admissions per screen and per cinemain multiplexes and other cinemas – Belgium


The possibilities of a further development of multiplexes

The multiplexes’ ability in generating more spectators in the future seems uncertain in the countries with a highest density.

In the hypothesis of a small or null growth of the frequency per capita and of the total admissions, multiplexes’ effectiveness can result sensitively reduced.


A possible solution might be, on the example of the American pattern, that of increasing the megaplexes’ number at a loss of multiplexes, searching for a greater effectiveness at cinemas’ level.

Considering the difference with the American market (that presents an annual frequency per capita of 5,8), it seems interesting to widen the knowledge of multiplexes’ effectiveness, with specific statistics on the costs’ divisions, on the admissions by type of film and on the audience’s characteristics, to verify the

existence of an effective competitive advantage. MEDIA Salles is an initiative of the MEDIA Programme of the European Union with the support of the Italian Government

The possibilities of a further development of multiplexes

Cinema exhibition in Western Europe and in the US

Europa U.S.A.

01/2002 01/2003 Var. % 01/2002 01/2003 Var. %

N. of cinemas 14 584 14 726 1,0% 7 070 6 050 -14,4%

N. of multiplexes 745 836 12,2% 1889 1911 1,2%

of which:

8 -15 screens 694 777 12,0% 1458 1437 -1,4%

>=16 screens 51 59 15,7% 431 474 10,0%

Admissions (x 1 000 000)

958 967 0,9% 1 487 1 639 10,2%

Admissions per screen

37 027 36 325 -1,9% 40 455 46 465 14,9%

Admissions per cinema

65 686 65 655 0,0% 210 368 270 959 28,8%

Documents

A statistical framework elaborated by MEDIA Salles