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[A SSISTIVE ] T ECHNOLOGY A DOPTION AND A BANDONMENT. Katherine Deibel Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington, Seattle. AT only helps when it is used 8-75% of AT abandoned after purchase (avg. rate is 35%) Waste of time, funds, and resources for all involved - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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[ASSISTIVE] TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND ABANDONMENT
Katherine Deibel
Computer Science and Engineering
University of Washington, Seattle
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World
AT only helps when it is used
8-75% of AT abandoned after purchase (avg. rate is 35%)
Waste of time, funds, and resources for all involved
Learned helplessness and pessimism
2
OUTLINE
Technology Adoption Overview Case Study from Peru Assistive Technology Adoption
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World3
Everett Rogers, Sociologist
General model of how new ideas and technology spread
Applied to multiple fields
Has adapted to changes in communication technologies
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World
Number of adoptions
Cumulative adoptions
4
DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS
Communication drives diffusion
S-curves
Early adopters
Change agents
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World5
DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS
Cumulative adoptions
ADOPTION
PROCESS
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World
Awareness of innovation
Interest, motivation,
and learning
Decision
Reject
Adopt
6
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World
ADOPTION PROCESS
Implementation, integration, and
evaluation
Confirmation and finalization
Full Adoption / Integration
Adaptation / Reinvention
Abandonment / Discontinuance
7
Promote boiling of water in lowland Peruvian village
Only 11 out of 200 housewives adopted boiling
Classic case of diffusion failure
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World8
CASE STUDY: LOS MOLINOS
Wellin, 1955
Ignored local tradition / culture
Overly focused on early adopters
Failure to identify and influence change agents
Innovation-oriented instead of client-oriented
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World9
CASE STUDY: LOS MOLINOS
Wellin, 1955
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World
AT ADOPTION Survey studies of adoption and
abandonment
Longitudinal studies of AT usage
Models of AT adoption
AT design recommendations
Common findings throughout
ADDITIONAL STUDIES:
Phillips and Zhao (1993); Elkind et al. (1996); Wehmeyer (1995, 1998); Martin and McCormack (1999); Riemer-Reiss and Wacker (2000); Koester (2003); Dawe (2006); Shinohara and Tenenberg (2007); Scherer (2005)
10
Unawareness of what is available
Decision of doctors, experts, or insurance company
Decision of caretakers
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World11
FACTORS IN AT ADOPTION Involvement in selection process
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World12
FACTORS IN AT ADOPTION Cost and Effort Initial purchase
Physical and cognitive effort of usage
Maintenance / replacement costs
Utility : Cost balance
Serious time and effort
Presence of professional support
Need for evidence of gains and improvement
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World13
FACTORS IN AT ADOPTION Training
Important tasks and activities
Multiple locales and contexts
Relative advantage
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World14
FACTORS IN AT ADOPTION Integration
Looks “institutional” or “handicapped”
Colors
Personal style
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World15
FACTORS IN AT ADOPTION Aesthetics and Cosmesis
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World
Social perceptions of disability
Past experiences of ridicule, shame, or trauma
Denial or avoidance
16
FACTORS IN AT ADOPTION Stigma and Hiding
Blind due to premature birth
Actively disavowed his blindness
Mobility training in his early 30s
Guide dog in his mid 30s
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World17
STIGMA CASE STUDY Stephen Kuusisto
Adoption is critical for long-term change
Keep adoption in mind
Growing body of research to consult
More: technology acceptance, diffusion methodologies, etc.
October 2, 2009 -- Technology and Disability in the Developing World18
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS
Contact Information:Kate Deibel <[email protected]>