A small group. Most often used in religion when there are different groups. Christianity: Catholic vs Orthodox

The Roman Catholic church because everyone was scared to go to Hell

They can make copies quickly and cheaply

MonotheisticTen commandmentsBibleJesusChurches

Bell Ringer

List three beliefs of Christianity.

What is the benefit of a Printing Press?

What was the focus of Medieval Europe? Why? What is a sect?

Protestant Reformation

ReviewIn Medieval Europe, the Roman Catholic Church was all powerful.

No one dared question its authority, for fear of Hell.

Over time the Church became rich and powerful, leading to corruption.

The Church even controlled politics, threatening excommunication on any leaders who disobeyed.

Church MoneyThe Church made money in several ways:-Charging for baptisms, marriages

and other sacraments-the 10% tithe-The selling of indulgences

The Church claimed to use the money to feed the poor and care for the sick. However, there were large sums spent on lavish homes, fancy clothes and large banquets.

The church also spent large amounts of money to beautify churches throughout Europe

Church CorruptionAs the power and wealth of the Church grew, so did the corruption and worldliness of the Clergy

Some members of the clergy lived in fancy houses, dressed in luxurious robes, ate banquets and even were frequently drunk and visited by prostitutes.

Clergy-Officials of the church (priests, bishops, etc.)

Indulgences

Indulgences-Pardon for sins

In order to make more money the Church began selling Indulgences.

Indulgences were pardons for sins committed in a person’s lifetime.

Originally indulgences were only given for great and good deeds. Over time they became a source of profit.

ReformersThe Church had become both very powerful and corrupt. Some reformers spoke out against the church:-Erasmus -Martin Luther-Calvin

Erasmus Erasmus was a Dutch (Netherlands) humanist who believed the Bible should be translated into the Vernacular.

He translated the New Testament (Christian portion of the Bible) into Greek and Latin.

Erasmus wrote The Praise of Folly, a humorous expose of the church’s worldly practices and immoral behavior

Vernacular- everyday language

Martin LutherMartin Luther was a German Monk from a middle class family. He was originally trained as a lawyer but joined the Clergy after a near death experience.

He was disappointed by the corruption he saw in the Church. He was particularly offended by the selling of Indulgences.

Martin Luther: Protestant

Reformation

Martin Luther King Jr.: American Civil Rights Movement

Martin LutherMartin Luther was a German Monk from a middle class family. He was originally trained as a lawyer but joined the Clergy after a near death experience.

He was disappointed by the corruption he saw in the Church. He was particularly offended by the selling of Indulgences.

Luther’s 95 ThesesIn a nearby town Luther encountered Johann Tetzel selling indulgences.

The claim was that these indulgences could not only spare the buyer, but all of their deceased relatives.

Angry and seeking to restore Christian values, Luther wrote the 95 Theses, a list of his complaints with the corrupt church.

95 ThesesLuther’s 95 Theses have three main arguments:-The Bible does NOT offer indulgences as a way out

of sin-Pope cant free people from Purgatory- clergy have

no special powers-Christians can only be saved through faith

According to Luther, true salvation can only truly be attained through Repentance.

Repent- sincere regret about

one’s sin

Spreading Luther’s ideas

Martin Luther’s ideas quickly spread due to the Printing Press.

Luther’s supporters quickly printed many copies of the Theses, and they were distributed throughout Europe.

Soon the Pope in Rome knew of Luther’s act.

Roman Catholic reaction

The church tried to get Luther to recant (give up his beliefs) but he refused and became even more radical, pushing for a total reform within the church.

The Pope excommunicated Luther and even the German princes, bowing to pressure from the Pope, declared him an outlaw

Luther sought refuge with a brave and forward minded German Prince.

Lutheranism= Protestants

Luther’s followers soon became known as Protestants, because they were “protesting” the Roman Catholic Church.

Luther continued to develop his ideas and pushed for several important changes:

1) Salvation through faith alone2) The Bible is the only source of

Religious Truth3) Christians have equal access to

God through Faith and the Bible

Northern ProtestantsThe Protestant sect quickly spread throughout Northern Germany and Scandinavia.

Despite their growing popularity the Roman Catholics continued to persecute the Protestants.

Eventually they reached a truth with the Peace of Augsburg.

This treaty allowed German Princes to decide their religion. Most northern princes convert to Protestant Lutheranism, while the South remained Roman Catholic

Roman Catholic vs Protestants

John CalvinJohn Calvin was a Protestant from France. However, he did not think that Luther had gone quite far enough.

He agreed, however, that the Bible was the only true source of religious information, and that Salvation can only be achieved by faith

PredestinationCalvin put forth the idea that God had chosen long ago who would achieve Salvation. These people were pre-determined to gain Salvation

No one can know if they’re meant to be saved or not, so you must live a devout and religious life just in case.

If you are predetermined to go to Heaven but are not devout, you may be denied.

Calvin’s GenevaGeneva, Switzerland appreciated Calvin's views and asked him to lead their government. Calvin set up a Theocracy and punished anyone who was not devout.

Geneva’s citizens created a truly Christian society and stressed hard work, discipline, thrift, honesty and morality.

Theaters were closed and elaborate dress was prohibited

Theocracy- government run by

religious leaders

Reformation Though Europe remained Christian, there were several sects competing for followers:-Roman Catholic-Orthodox-Lutheran (protestant)-Calvinists-Anglican