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A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network
A. K. G. Temme*1 C. H. (Jay) Lee2 E. J. Rothwell1
B. J. Greetis1 R. O. Ouedraogo1 S. Y. Chen2
1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University,East Lansing, MI, United States
2National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
2009 APS/URSI SymposiumFriday, June 5, 2009
Session 503.3 Ballroom C2, 8:40
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Overview1 Motivation2 Background3 Simulation Results4 Experimental Setup and Results
DesignRandom Search Results
5 ConclusionSummaryFuture WorkAcknowledgementsReferences
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 2/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Project History
Project was started in 2007 by Jay Lee while visiting MichiganState University
Mr. Lee was responsible for simulations, design and initialconstruction of two port network
Currently supported by an IEEE AP-S UndergraduateResearch Award for 2008-2009
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 3/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Motivation
Goal: To create a self structuring two port network
This two port network would be capable of adapting its structurein order to achieve a set of desired S-parameters
Figure: A basic two port network
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 4/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Motivation
Goal: To create a self structuring two port network
This two port network would be capable of adapting its structurein order to achieve a set of desired S-parameters
Figure: Constructed Self-Structuring 2-Port Prototype
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 4/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Motivation
Potential Uses
Filter
Attenuator
Phase Shifter
Matching network
Figure: Constructed Self-Structuring 2-Port Prototype
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 5/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Self Structuring Antennae
Inspiration
The ideas of self structuring antennae served as stimuli for aself structuring two port network
Design modeled after a self structuring patch antenna[2] usingswitched pins and shorting pins
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 6/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Self Structuring Antennae
Definition
An antenna array consisting of multiple elements connected byswitches allowing for the antenna to adjust its electrical shape inresponse to changes in its environment[1]
Figure: Possible self structuring antenna layout[1]
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 7/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Self Structuring Antennae
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 8/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Self Structuring Antennae
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 8/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Simulations
In 2007 and 2008 Jay Lee studied design aspects including:
Board size and thickness
Pin placement
Feed method
Frequency tunability
Figure: Simulations of board design.Above 3D view. Right Plan viewshowing pin locations
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 9/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Simulations
In 2007 and 2008 Jay Lee studied design aspects including:
Board size and thickness
Pin placement
Feed method
Frequency tunability
Simulations carried out in Feko
Genetic algorithm (GA) using GA-Feko
GA used to investigate filtering characteristics
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 9/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
GA Optimized Results
Figure: Band-pass optimized S-parameters centered at f0 ≈ 5.005GHzMSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 10/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc.
Frequency Tunability
Figure: Results from multiple optimization runs showing the frequencytunability of the 2 Port Network
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 11/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
Test Board Layout
Ribbon Cable
Port 1Port 2
Figure: 2-Port network manufacturing layout
Specifications
Taconic TLY-5double sided board
42x27x0.5(cm)
3cm grid spacing
32 Coto 5V reedrelay switchescontrolling pins
232 =4, 294, 967, 296possible states
38 Perimetershorting pins
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 12/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
Test Board Layout
Figure: Switchable pin pad layout
Specifications
Taconic TLY-5double sided board
42x27x0.5(cm)
3cm grid spacing
32 Coto 5V reedrelay switchescontrolling pins
232 =4, 294, 967, 296possible states
38 Perimetershorting pins
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 12/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
Test Board Layout
Figure 4.4. Photograph of one of the switches on the self-structuring patch antenna.
83
Figure: Mounted switch setup (image frompatch antenna[2])
Specifications
Taconic TLY-5double sided board
42x27x0.5(cm)
3cm grid spacing
32 Coto 5V reedrelay switchescontrolling pins
232 =4, 294, 967, 296possible states
38 Perimetershorting pins
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 12/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
Test Board Layout
Figure: Perimeter shorting pins locations
Specifications
Taconic TLY-5double sided board
42x27x0.5(cm)
3cm grid spacing
32 Coto 5V reedrelay switchescontrolling pins
232 =4, 294, 967, 296possible states
38 Perimetershorting pins
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 12/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
Constructed Test Board
Figure: Constructed test board
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 13/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
Experimental Run Configurations
Currently a random search, will move to genetic algorithm
100,000 random switch state pool (NIST generated)
LabView data acquisition and search software
HP 8753D Network Analyzer
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 14/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
Random Search
Parameters
Frequency Range 700MHz − 1.5GHzStates 30, 000 ≈ 0.0007% of possible states
Number of Points 26 ⇒ 32MHz stepsSwitch Settle Time 30ms
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 15/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
S21 Characteristics
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 16/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
S21 Characteristics
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 17/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
Matching Network
Parameters
Frequency Range 700MHz − 1.5GHzStates 100, 034 ≈ 0.0023% of possible statesa
Number of Points 26 ⇒ 32MHz stepsSwitch Settle Time 30ms
aAll switches open, all switches closed, each switch individually (32), and100,000 random states % of total
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 18/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
SWR - Matched (blue) and Unmatched (red)
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 19/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Design Random Search Results
SWR - Matched (blue) and Unmatched (red)
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 20/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Summary Future Work Acknowledgements References
Summary
Just beginning to investigate the Self-Structuring 2-PortNetworkCurrently using a random searchLess than 1% of possible states exploredSimulations and experimental results
Summary of Characteristics
Frequency tunability of characteristics in simulation|S21| is almost continuous from −10dB to −40dB∠S21 is almost continuous from −180◦ to +180◦
Resolution of desired characteristic value small; however, notfully investigatedSelf structuring attenuator, phase shifter, and matchingnetwork experimentally achievableMatching network can drastically improve antennaperformance
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 21/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Summary Future Work Acknowledgements References
Future Work
Implementation of Genetic Algorithm
Investigation of resolution
Filtering capabilities
Size reduction
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 22/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Summary Future Work Acknowledgements References
Acknowledgements
Thank you to Jack Ross for supplying GA-Feko
This research and presentation has been funded in part by:
Michigan State University Honors College Conference TravelAward
IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society UndergraduateResearch Award 2008-2009
Thank You for Attending
Any Questions?
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 23/24
Motivation Background Simulation Experiment Conc. Summary Future Work Acknowledgements References
References
C.M. Coleman, E.J. Rothwell, J.E. Ross, and L.L. Nagy.Self-structuring antennas.Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE, 44(3):11–23, Jun2002.
L.M. Greetis and E.J. Rothwell.A self-structuring patch antenna.Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,2008. AP-S 2008. IEEE, pages 1–4, July 2008.
MSU Electromagnetics Research Group A Self-Structuring 2-Port Network 24/24