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A Road Map to Civil War:A Road Map to Civil War:An Uneasy CompromiseAn Uneasy Compromise
Northwest Ordinance (1787)Northwest Ordinance (1787)
(1787) Banned slavery in the (1787) Banned slavery in the Northwest territoriesNorthwest territories
Louisiana Purchase (1803)Louisiana Purchase (1803)
Doubled the size Doubled the size of the U.S.of the U.S.
Lead to the debate Lead to the debate on expansion of on expansion of slaveryslavery
Missouri Compromise (1820)Missouri Compromise (1820)
Created MO/ME and Created MO/ME and banned slavery north banned slavery north of the 36of the 36° parallel° parallel
Kept the balance of Kept the balance of free & slave statesfree & slave states
36’30 Line
Nullification debate grew in the U.S. Nullification debate grew in the U.S. Senate: Webster-Hayne DebateSenate: Webster-Hayne Debate
Nullification debate grew in the U.S. Nullification debate grew in the U.S. Senate: Webster-Hayne DebateSenate: Webster-Hayne Debate
Vice-President John C. Calhoun claimed “states Vice-President John C. Calhoun claimed “states should have final authority on whether to follow should have final authority on whether to follow acts of Congress”acts of Congress”
He felt states had the right He felt states had the right to judge if a law is to judge if a law is
constitutionalconstitutional
He felt states had the right He felt states had the right to judge if a law is to judge if a law is
constitutionalconstitutional
Congressmen from South Congressmen from South Carolina defended & promoted Carolina defended & promoted
secessionsecession
Congressmen from South Congressmen from South Carolina defended & promoted Carolina defended & promoted
secessionsecession
States Rights and NullificationStates Rights and Nullification
Slavery and AbolitionismSlavery and Abolitionism• Abolitionists Abolitionists
believed slavery believed slavery was morally wrong was morally wrong should be ended should be ended immediatelyimmediately
• Southerners Southerners denied the denied the allegations of allegations of Abolitionists and Abolitionists and defended slavery defended slavery and the treatment and the treatment of African of African AmericansAmericans
Mexican Cession and Gold RushMexican Cession and Gold Rush• Opened up new debate
about the expansion of slavery
• Many northerners did not want slavery to expand west
• Southerners defended the expansion of slavery, arguing that slaves were property
• The population boom in California lead to its admittance as a free state and an unbalance of power in Congress between free and slave states
Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso
Debate in Congress centered on California becoming a state
The Great Three take the lead in
Congress
Clay seeks a compromise and makes over 70 speeches in the House (Webster supported holding the Union together)
In the Senate, Calhoun (too sick to read his own statements) calls for the south to secede – DIES before the issue is settled.
The Debate of 1850The Debate of 1850
Henry Clay’s Proposed Compromise of 1850
California admitted as a free state
Slave trade ended in D.C.
Texas give up western lands
Rest of the Mexican Cession open to slavery by popular sovereignty
Stronger Fugitive Slave Law to help southern slaveholders recapture runaway slaves in the north
Senate Debate on the Compromise of 1850 John C. Calhoun Daniel Webster
What was the purpose of the speech?
How does the Senator address the issue of slavery?
What are his arguments for/against preserving the Union?
Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law• Helped slaveholders return escaped slaves to the south
•Fugitives held without warrants
•Commissioners paid $5 to release and $10 for return to slave owner•.
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Nebraska Territory splitNebraska Territory split
Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty would decide would decide issue of slavery in Kansas/Nebraskaissue of slavery in Kansas/Nebraska
American Expansion and DivisionAmerican Expansion and Division