Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

A Review on Major Accelerator Facilities

for Nuclear Physics in Asia Pacific

Kazuhiro Tanaka

ANPhA: Asian Nuclear Physics Association

and

Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, and

Particle and Nuclear Physics Division, J-PARC,

KEK: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization.

Oho 1-1, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0801 JAPAN.

e-mail: kazuhiro.tanaka@kek.jp

(Received: 5.3.2018 ; Published: 8.6.2018)

Abstract. In this review article, I present an overview of the Asian Nuclear Physics

Association (ANPhA) and its role in preparing a list of accelerator facilities applicable

for nuclear physics experiments in the Asia Pacific. Among them, characteristics of the

world class “Major” accelerator facilities are briefly summarized in comparing to

similar facilities in Europe and North America.

Keywords: ANPhA, Accelerator, Nuclear Physics.

I. ASIAN NUCLEAR PHYSICS ASSOCIATION

The Asian Nuclear Physics Association (ANPhA) [1] was established in 2009 in Beijing,

where representatives of the first four member countries of ANPhA gathered together in its

inaugural meeting. Presently, ANPhA is the central organization representing nuclear physics

in the Asia Pacific region and consists of eight member countries and regions, which include

Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan, and Vietnam.

FIGURE 1. Eight member countries and regions of ANPhA (=AAPPS-DNP).

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

The basic objectives of ANPhA are;

1. To strengthen “Collaboration” among Asian nuclear research scientists through the

promotion of nuclear physics and its transdisciplinary and applications,

2. To promote “Education” in Asian nuclear science through mutual exchange and

coordination,

3. To “coordinate” among Asian nuclear scientists by actively utilizing existing research

facilities,

4. To “discuss future planning” of nuclear science facilities and instrumentation in Asia.

In 2015, ANPhA decided to play a role as the Division of Nuclear Physics (DNP) of the

Association of Asia Pacific Physics Societies (AAPPS). The AAPPS approved our proposal in

2016, and AAPPS-DNP was established. Now ANPhA chair is also the chair of AAPPS-DNP.

In a nutshell, we can describe ANPhA (is also known as AAPPS-DNP) as an organization to

discuss and pursue issues in Asian nuclear physics community at present.

The participating countries or regions in ANPhA will appoint several (1 to 4) Board

members for ANPhA. The Board members elect one chairperson and several vice

chairpersons by mutual election. The chairperson will also appoint a secretary from Board

members. The Chairperson, Vice Chairperson, and Secretary constitute an Executive Officer

team and handle daily affairs.

FIGURE 2. Current EXCO Officers of ANPhA (=AAPPS-DNP).

The ANPhA Board members meet together once a year at some appropriate place in one of

ANPhA member countries or regions and exchange information of the status of nuclear

physics in each country/region and have discussions on our future collaborations. This kind of

meeting is organized in conjunction with the ANPhA symposium on the “Status of Nuclear

Physics in Asia Pacific”. The most recent (12th

) ANPhA Board meeting was held in Halong

City, Vietnam on September 24, 2017 with the International Symposium on Physics of

Unstable Nuclei (ISPUN17). The next Board Meeting will be held in Beijing in the fall of

2018. As the Chair of AAPPS-DNP, ANPhA Chair attended the extended Council meeting of

AAPPS. The most recent AAPPS council meeting was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on

December 3, 2017 in conjunction with the International Meeting for Frontier of Physics

Chair,

Kazuhiro Tanaka,

KEK, Japan.

Vice Chair,

Weiping Liu,

CIAE, China.

Vice Chair,

Tohru Motobayashi,

Riken, Japan.

Vice Chair,

Tony Thomas,

Univ. Adelaide,

Australia.

Secretary,

Hirokazu Tamura,

Tohoku Univ., Japan.

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

(IMFP2017). ANPhA also supports by organizing the “Nuclear Physics session” in various

international meetings on physics in Asia Pacific. Even during the IMFP2017, several invited

speakers in the Nuclear Physics session were brought by active discussion with ANPhA.

Another important activity of ANPhA is organizing DNP-AAPPS (=ANPhA) awards for

young Scientists [2] for ANPhA supported scientific meetings.

II. ANPHA WHITE PAPER

Nuclear physics is a typical accelerator-based science. However, in contrast to elementary

particle physics, which is another field of science based on accelerators, nuclear physics

requires to prepare a variety of accelerators to tackle the various problems involved. In other

words, one needs a distributed approach and efforts, that is, different accelerator types and

energies, in order to find answers to the nuclear physics problems existing in our universe.

The development of accelerator-based research facility always involves big construction work.

It is also expensive and requires very large amount of money. Today we can understand that

it is very difficult to prepare all kinds of accelerators necessary for the nuclear physics

research in one country. Then it is becoming common to advance research through

international collaboration, that is, via international division of labor.

Even in the Asia Pacific region, many advanced accelerator facilities have been constructed.

Some of them are really world class facilities. ANPhA is now preparing a list of accelerator

facilities applicable for nuclear physics experiments existing in Asia Pacific. The list is

known as ANPhA White Paper [3]. In this White Paper, the catalog of accelerators in Asia

Pacific is the most basic material for us to consider today’s international collaboration within

present accelerator facilities, and to establish the long range plan of the construction of

accelerator facilities for our future activities of nuclear physics in the Asia Pacific. Such

international scheme of collaboration has been practiced globally. Thus, the ANPhA White

Paper will provide useful information for European and American colleagues of nuclear

physics.

It should be noted that accelerator facilities originally prepared for nuclear physics research

have many applications of science, such as materials science, life science, medicine, and

especially, education and training of young students. Therefore, the ANPhA White Paper can

be a good guide line for researchers in neighboring research field to expand their research to

accelerator based science using near-by facilities.

Now there are 29 accelerator facilities for nuclear physics in the Asia Pacific which are

listed in the ANPhA White Paper. Data will be updated frequently and the latest update was

done in December 2017. Critical analysis of the present data will be made for future facility

planning and for possible future international collaboration.

The Data are now temporarily open on the KEK Indico system;

https://kds.kek.jp/indico/category/1706/

Details of access for KEK Indico users -Please find the username and password at the first

page you opened (Most users) or “click for the password” on the page which you can find

after closing the popup window to login (Google Chrome users).

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

Town Institute Facility Characteristics

Canberra,

Australia

Australian National University (ANU), Heavy Ion

Accelerator Facility

15MV Tandem accelerator + superconducting Linear

Accelerator

Beijing, ChinaBeijing Tandem Accelerator Nuclear Physics

National LaboratoryBTANL

15 MV tandem accelerator, 100 MeV 20 μA proton

cyclotron, ISOL

Shanghai, China Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source SLEGS0.4-20 MeV BCS γ-ray source based on Synchrotron

Radiation Facility

Jinping, China

China Jinping underground Laboratory (CJPL),

JINPING UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR

ASTROPHYSICS EXPERIMENT (JUNA)

CJPL / JUNA

400 kV accelerator (Ion species of Stable nuclei: H to

He), Max. Energy: 400 kV*q, Beam Intensity: up to 2.5

emA

Lanzhou, China Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou HIRFLSSC cyclotron: K=450 and full ion acceleration

CSRm booster synchrotron 12.2 Tm

Huizhou, ChinaHeavy Ion Accelerator Facility, Institute of

modern PhysicsHIAF

Heavy-Ion Linac, Booster-ring ~1GeV/u and Ring

spectrometer (Phase 1).

Compressor ring ~5GeV/u and Enrgy Recovery Linac.

Huizhou, China China Initiative ADS CIADSThe 250 MeV and 10mA (maximum beam current) CW

mode superconducting proton LINAC

Munbai, IndiaBhabha Atomic Research Centre - Tata Institute

of Fundamental Research (BARC-TIFR)BARC-TIFR

14MV heavy ion tandem + superconducting linac (PLF:

Pelletron LINAC Facility)

New Delhi, India Inter-University Accelerator Centre IUAC 15MV heavy ion tandem + superconducting linac

Kolkata, India Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre VECCVECC K130 cyclotron (p,α), K500 Superconducting

Cycrotron

Chiba, JapanHeavy Ion Medical Accelerator, National Institute

of Radiological SciencesHIMAC

High energy heavy ion beams, up to 800 MeV/u,

supplied by linear accelerators and two synchrotron

rings.

Tokai, Ibaraki,

JapanJ-PARC (Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility) J-PARC

High Intensity Accelarators, 400MeV LINAC, 3GeV

RCS, 50GeV MR

Osaka, JapanResearch Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka

UniversityRCNP/LEPS

Cyclotron complex (K140 AVF + K400 Ring)

Laser-electron back-scattered photon facility at

SPring-8 site, 2.4 and 2.9 GeV.

SPring-8 site,

Hyogo, Japan

Laboratory of Advanced Science and

Technology for IndustryNewSUBARU

Laser Compton Scattering Gamma-ray Beam Source

(1 - 76 MeV)

Wako, Saitama,

Japan

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based

Science, RI Beam FactoryRIBF

Heavy Ion Linac and several big Ring Cycrotrons (Max

K=2500MeV),

Big Rips Projectile Isotope Separator

Fukuoka,

Japan

Kyushu University, Center for Accelerator and

Beam Applied ScienceFFAG synchrotron and tandem acceleror

Tokai, Ibaraki,

Japan

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tandem

Accelerator Facility

20MV tandem accelerator and superconducting linac

booster.

Tsukuba,

Ibaraki, Japan

University of Tsukuba, Tandem Accelerator

ComplexUTTAC 6 MV tandem accelerator / 1 MV Tandetron accelerator

Sendai, JapanTohoku University, Cyclotron and Radioisotope

CenterCYRIC K110 and K12 cycrotrons

Sendai, JapanResearch Center for Electron-Photon Science,

Tohoku UniverisityELPH

60 MeV High Intensity ELECTRON Linac, 1.3 GeV

Booster Electron Synchrotron for GeV tagged photon

beams

TABLE (1). LIst of accelerators collected in ANPhA White Paper.

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

III. MAJOR ACCELERATOR FACILITIES IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION

Major facilities in the Asia Pacific region are mainly located in China (Heavy Ion Research

Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), Beijing Tandem Accelerator National Laboratory (BTANL)),

India (Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC)), Korea (RISP/RAON), and Japan (RIBF at

RIKEN, J-PARC, and ELPH/LIPS). Most of them (HIRFL, BTANL, VECC, RISP/RAON

and RIBF) are medium energy heavy-ion accelerator facilities and are competing with

European and American Facilities such as SPIRAL2, HIE-ISOLDE and ARIEL-II. In

addition, future extension plans of these Asian facilities are really aiming far beyond the wave

front of the research of this field of nuclear physics. In this meaning, Asian research facilities

are keeping world best positions in medium energy heavy-ion physics. Hadron physics facility

in Asia Pacific (J-PARC) is also the world’s leading facility. The ELPH/LIPS facilities can

provide world competitive photon beams for nuclear and hadron physics.

However, there are no high energy heavy-ion accelerators and colliders (such as ALICE in

LHC in CERN, RHIC in BNL in USA, and NICA in DUBNA in Russia) in the Asia Pacific

region. In other words, Asia Pacific facilities have concentrated their research resources to

medium energy heavy-ion physics and chosen to promote high energy heavy-ion physics at

abroad (outside Asia). This strategy seems successful at present. However we have to

reevaluate our strategy of this field of nuclear physics for future research activities in Asia

Pacific. For example, I am wondering that too much concentration might be happening in

medium energy heavy-ion accelerator facilities in the Asia Pacific region. This type of focus

is also seen in Europe and America. Should we be much more careful on the investment for

our future activities in nuclear physics, which should have a much wider spectrum?

Gyeongsangbu

k-do, KoreaKorea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex KOMAC 100 MeV and 20 MeV Proton linac

Seoul, KoreaKorea Institute of Science and Technology

(KIST), The Accelerator Laboratory2MeV and 6 MV tandetron accelerators

Seoul, Korea

Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator at Korea

Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences

(KIRMAS)

KIRAMS AVF cyclotron for 50MeV protons

Jeollabuk-do,

KoreaAdvanced Radiation Technology Institute 15-30 MeV 500mA Proton Cycrotron

Seoul, KoreaNational Center for Inter-Universities Research

Facilities Electrostatic Ion Accelerator

3.3MV HVEE(High Voltage Engineering Europa) 4130-

Tandetron AMS/MPS

Daejeon, Korea

Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line

experiments (RAON), Institute for Basic Science

(IBS)

RAON

Superconducting Driver Linac (proton: 600MeV, 660

microA, HI: 200MeV/u), Superconducting Post Linac

(HI: 18.5 Mev/u), Cyclotron: (proton 70 MeV, 1mA)

Hsinchu,

Taiwan

Graduate Institute of Nuclear Science (INS)

National Tsing Hua University (NTHU)INS / NTHU

3MV Van de Graaff (KN) Accelerator, 3MV Tandem

accelerator (NEC 9SDH-2), open air 500kV accelerator

Hanoi, VietnamTandem machine at Hanoi University of Natural

Science1.7MV Tandem Pelletron,

Hanoi, Vietnam Military Central Hospital 108 30 MeV 300 microA proton cyclotron

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

Chinese Facilities

The construction of accelerator facilities in China is very much strategic and well thought

through. They constructed ordinal experimental facility based on the tandem electrostatic

accelerator in 1986 in Beijing and followed with the construction of the experimental facility

based on Split Sector Cyclotron (SSC) was built in Lanzhou in 1988. After the successful

operation of both facilities for approximately 20 years as “normal” beam facilities,

accumulator rings were constructed in SSC facility in 2008 and SSC was used as the injector

to rings. “Unstable” nuclear beams produced through projectile fragmentation from stable

(normal) nuclear beams obtained from SSC were accumulated in rings and extracted for

experiments after energy boosted and beam quality improved in the rings. For the Beijing

facility, they added small cyclotron to produce “unstable” nuclear beams by using target ion

source. The proton beam obtained from small cyclotron irradiated the target material which

was heated up by beam power as well as electrical heater. Unstable nuclei produced in the

target material through nuclear reactions were thus evaporated from the surface of the target

material and collected for re-acceleration by the tandem electrostatic accelerator. Then the

tandem facility and SSC facility were well converted to the most modern “unstable” nuclear

beam facilities.

FIGURE 3. Chinese accelerator facilities for nuclear physics [4].

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

Their next steps were the construction of the very High Intensity Accelerator Facility

(HIAF) for the production of unstable nuclear beams based on the projectile fragmentation,

which is the natural extension from Lanzhou’s SSC facility. This new facility was constructed

at Huizhou city. Further the SUPER ISOL facility, which is based on the combination of

nuclear reactor and linear accelerator in Beijing, is under construction on schedule in Chiba as

Beijing ISOL.

FIGURE 4. Layout and beam specification of HIAF (up) and layout of Beijing ISOL facility (down) [5].

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

Presently, our Chinese colleagues are now constructing a very unique accelerator facility at

Deep Underground laboratory in Jinping. By using a 400kV~4MV high voltage accelerators

in Jinping underground laboratory, the astrophysical nuclear reactions will be investigated

with low energy, but very high intensity beams such as 400keV 10mA proton beam.

FIGURE 5. JUNA experimental facility in Jinping underground laboratory [6].

Indian Facilities

As it is known very well, there are three major accelerator centers in India. These are:

· Mumbai (BARC and TIFR), 14 MV Pelletron coupled to SC Linac

· Delhi (IUAC: Representing all the university users), 15 MV Pelletron coupled to SC

Linac

· Kolkata (VECC and SINP), K=130 Cyclotron, K=500 SC cyclotron (not fully

operational).

The Thrust Areas of these facilities are:

· Low and high energy nuclear physics using accelerator and reactor,

· Nuclear data,

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

· Indigenous development of accelerators, detector and instrumentation,

· Use of national facilities, international facilities like Legnaro National Laboratory,

GANIL, CERN, BNL, FAIR among others.

Among them, VECC plans to construct the next generation facility called ANURIB

(Advanced National facility for Unstable and Rare Isotope Beams). ANURIB is envisaged as

a combined ISOL and fragmentation facility with beam energy from 1.5 keV/A to 100 MeV/A.

As a pilot project of ANURIB, Rare Isotope Beam (RIB) accelerator project is now underway

at VECC.

FIGURE 6. RIB facility plan view in VECC (Left) and photograph at present (right) [7].

The RIB accelerator at VECC is completed up to Linac #3 to give 415 keV/u. It is aimed to

give 1 MeV/u after Linac #5 in 2018 and up to 2 MeV/u with Quarter Wave Resonators

(QWR). At present, the facility can be used for Materials Science experiments with energy in

the range 10 keV/u to 415 keV/u.

Korean Facility

The major accelerator facility under construction in Korea is the RAON (Rare isotope

Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments) of RISP (Rare Isotope Science Project) hosted

by IBS (Institute of Basic Science). This is the first big scientific project in Korea concerning

to the construction of the world class accelerator complex. Location of RAON is in Sindong

area in Daejeon city, which is almost the central part of South Korea and almost 2-3 hours

travel by KTX fast train from both Seoul and/or Pusan. The ground breaking for accelerators

and experimental buildings was done on February 13, 2017.

The RAON accelerator consists of three superconducting linear accelerators. Combining

three linacs, normal heavy-ion beams and unstable nuclear beams extracted from target ion

source are accelerated to sufficiently high energies via projectile fragmentation. As a result,

RAON can provide much higher intensity unstable nuclear beams for experiments than any

other facilities in the world. For the target ion sources, high intensity proton cyclotrons are

introduced as drivers.

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

FIGURE 7. RAON accelerator complex of RISP of IBS in Korea [8].

The R&D of superconducting accelerator devices have already started and testing of the

cryo-module of acceleration cavity showed sufficiently high field gradient with less heat load

than expected, that is, ready for mass production. The operation test of ISOL target ion

sources has started at a hot-cell mockup. The remote maintenance scheme of the target ion

source will be tested there.

Japanese Facilities

There are several large scale accelerators in Japan as shown in Figure 8. Among them are

the following 3 research complexes which were endorsed by the Japanese Nuclear Physics

Executive Committee in 2016 for the main middle term (~5 years), important future plans of

nuclear physics in Japan.

These are:

· J-PARC (KEK)

Hadron/nuclear physics with hadron beams

Hadron Hall extension.

Fundamental Physics and Particle physics with muons

mu-e conversion (COMET), g-2.

· RIBF (RIKEN)

RIBF upgrade for intensity x30

Expand neutron-rich heavy element productions to trans-uranium.

Production of superheavy Z=119 element and beyond.

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

· ELPH (Tohoku Univ.) and LEPS@SPring-8 (RCNP, Osaka Univ.),

Hadron physics with GeV electron and photon beams

Detector/Beam upgrades.

In addition to them, two research fields were selected as important subjects for Japanese

nuclear physics;

· High energy heavy-ion collision (LHC, RHIC, J-PARC)

QGP properties, QCD phase diagram, High density nuclear matter.

ALICE upgrade, s-PHENIX/STAR upgrade, J-PARC-HI R&D.

· Nuclear theory

Hadrons via lattice QCD, nuclear structure via Monte Carlo shell model, etc.

9 projects with K-computer and beyond.

FIGURE 8. Large scale accelerator complexes located in Japan [9].

J-PARC in KEK and RIBF in RIKEN are the main two-top facilities of Japanese nuclear

physics community. The extension of the Hadron Experimental Hall and 30 times intensity

upgrade of RIBF are two-main big future plans in Japan.

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

The schematic layout of RIKEN-RIBF is shown in Figure 9. The RIKEN-RIBF consists of

several types of ring cyclotrons connected in cascade and one big superconducting ring

cyclotron, SRC. Unstable nuclear beams are produced by projectile fragmentation (PF) and a

large solid angle PF separator, the BigRIPS, is in operation. The upgrade for 30 times higher

intensity is mainly performed by upgrading injector LINAC and by the modification of SRC

and BigRIPS in order to accept higher intensity primary nuclear beams. High intensity

unstable nuclear beam thus produced will be used for the search of new superheavy elements

such as Z=119, 120 and beyond. This upgrade project is named as “Landing to Stable Island”.

FIGURE 9. Schematic layout of RIBF-RIKEN accelerator complex [10].

J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) is the brand-new and the most

advanced accelerator facility in Japan. J-PARC consists of three accelerators, that is, 400

MeV Linac, 3 GeV Rapid Cycle Synchrotron (RCS) and 50 GeV-PS (Main Ring, MR). The

bird eye view of J-PARC is shown in Fig. 10. The most important characteristic of J-PARC is

its high design beam power, which is 1MW for RCS and 0.75MW for MR. RCS provides its

intense proton beam to neutron spallation source (n) and pulsed muon source () prepared in

Materials and Life Science Facility (MLF). Some fraction of the beam extracted from RCS is

injected to MR and accelerated up to 30 GeV. Two extractions from MR were constructed.

One is the fast extraction for Neutrino Beam Facility () for long baseline neutrino oscillation

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

experiment, T2K, and the other is the slow extraction for counter experiments in Hadron

Experimental Facility (Hd). Four experimental facilities (n, , and Hd) could provide their

characteristic intense secondary beams for experimental users.

The highest proton beam energy of MR is now only 30 GeV instead of its design energy of

50 GeV. It is mainly because of the budget problem for preparing power supplies of MR

magnets.

FIGURE 10. J-PARC site at Tokai campus of JAEA. “Hadron Hall” means the Hadron Experimental Facility

for the fixed target experiments with slow extraction. “to SK” indicates the Neutrino Experimental Facility

with fast extraction. “MLF” indicates the Materials and Life Science Research Facility where the spallation

neutron and pulsed muon sources are operated by using intense 3 GeV proton beam provided from Rapid Cycle

Synchrotron (RCS) [11].

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

FIGURE 11. T2K experiment shoots the neutrinos to SuperKAMIOKANDE, which is 295 km away from J-

PARC [12].

FIGURE 12. Schematic layout of beam lines and experimental subjects for Hadron Experimental Facility (Hd).

Strangeness nuclear physics experiments such as hyper nuclear spectroscopy are the main subjects in Hd [13].

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

FIGURE 13. Superconducting Kaon Spectrometer (SKS, yellow sector magnet) and its beam analyzer (big

green magnet) prepare in K1.8 experimental area of Hadron Experimental Facility (Hd). This is the typical size

of strangeness nuclear physics experiments performed in Hd [14].

The Hadron Hall extension project is one of the two-top major upgrading projects in Japan.

Present size of the Hadron Experimental Hall is just 60m x 55m. This size is too small to

accommodate various experimental setups as well as beam lines for them. Then we are

planning to extend the Hadron Experimental Hall approximately three times longer for the

beam direction.

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

FIGURE 14. Hadron Hall extension project [15].

IV. CONCLUSION

Now the Asian Nuclear Physics Association (ANPhA) is collecting data of accelerator

facilities applicable for nuclear physics in the Asia Pacific. At present data of 29 facilities are

accumulated. The collection includes future plans of facilities as well as their present status.

Among the 29 facilities, major “world class” accelerator facilities for nuclear physics in the

Asia Pacific have been briefly reviewed in this article. In this summary section, I would like

to perform some critical analysis of the present facility data. However, the analysis is just my

very personal view points.

I would like to point out following things:

· Most of Asian facilities are now world class facilities.

· However, we have not constructed high energy heavy-ion colliders in Asia Pacific

(AP) for Hot QCD studies.

· We have many large medium-energy heavy-ion (RI beam) facilities in AP and their

future extension projects. However too much concentration of similar facilities may

reduce opportunities of nuclear physics in the Asia Pacific.

· In recent years, the RIBF facility in Japan is one of the world leading nuclear physics

facilities in the RI beam intensity and scientific outputs.

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

· Now RI beam facilities are changing and expanding from projectile fragmentation (PF)

facility to the target ion source (ISOL) facility. Their final goal is “Super ISOL”.

· We have only one facility for electromagnetic probes (ELPH/LEPS) in the Asia Pacific.

· Is J-PARC becoming the KAON factory in the world? Will FAIR SIS100 catch us up

J-PARC soon?

· How about baryon rich nuclear matter physics in AP, i.e. J-PARC-HI, and/or HIAF

phase II? Which or both? It depends on Physics…….

Table 2 is the comparison table of various Asian accelerator facilities with the competitive

world facilities. So, we can understand in a glance at the table that we have some of the world

top level accelerator facilities in Asia Pacific. However we have to be very careful on the fact

that we have already so many medium energy heavy-ion (RI beam) facilities in Asia Pacific.

This is the reason why we need a long range plan of accelerator construction in Asia Pacific

for our future opportunities of nuclear physics experiments, which should have as wide

spectrum as possible and should not to be very similar each other!?

TABLE 2. Comparison of Accelerators for nuclear physics in the world.

Beams Asia Europe America

Hot

QCD A+A --

LHC(ALICE)

FAIR(SIS300)

NICA

RHIC

Missing Asian?

J-PARC-HI for

dense matter?

Cold

QCD

hadron J-PARC +Hdex

HIRFL+HIAF FAIR(SIS100) --

Missing

American?

e-

Spring-8

ELPH MAMI

JLAB-

12GeV 1+many

collider （BES-III）

（Belle-II） NICA

eRHIC

(eIC) 1 in the world?

Many

body

Problem

(RI

Beam)

PF RIBF upgrade

HIRFL+HIAF GSI/FAIR FRIB

Very good

competitions in

the world !!

(too much?)

Both RISP

ISOL BTANL

ANURIB

SPIRAL2

SPES

HIE-ISOLDE

ARIEL-II

Super

ISOL Beijing- ISOL EURISOL -- FRIB upgrade?

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author would like to express his sincere thanks to Board members of Asian Nuclear

Physics Association (ANPhA), who prepared the data for ANPhA White Paper and for my

talks at every place on this planet.

Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka

Plenary Paper

REFERENCES

1. ANPhA: http://ribf.riken.jp/ANPhA/

2. Kazuhiro Tanaka, “The First Year of the ANPhA (AAPPS-DNP) Awards for Young

Scientists”, AAPPS Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 43-45.

3. ANPhA White Paper: https://kds.kek.jp/indico/category/1706/

Notes for KEK Indico users, please find the username and password at the first page you

opened (Most users) or “click for the password” on the page which you can find after

closing the popup window to login (Google Chrome users).

4. Weiping Liu, CIAE, Private communications.

5. HIAF Project: http://english.imp.cas.cn/Work2017/HI2017/

The Beijing ISOL: Baoqun Cui, et al., “The Beijing ISOL initial conceptual design report”,

Nuclear Instruments and Methods 317B (2013), pp 257-262.

6. W. P. Liu for JUNA Collaboration, “Underground Nuclear Astrophysics Experiment

JUNA in China” JPS Conf. Proc. 14, 011101 (2017), Proceedings of the 14th International

Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos (NIC2016).

7. http://www.vecc.gov.in/writereaddata/upload/files/3%20Overview%20of%20RIB%20proj

ect%20at%20VECC_modified.pdf, and Vaishali Naik and Amitava Roy, Private

communications.

8. http://risp.ibs.re.kr/eng/pMainPage.do

9. Kazuhiro Tanaka, Presentation at this IMFP2017 meeting.

10. http://www.nishina.riken.jp/index_e.html, and Hideto Enyo, Private communications.

11. http://j-parc.jp/index-e.html

12. http://t2k-experiment.org/

13. https://j-parc.jp/Hadron/en/index.html

14. https://www.kek.jp/en/Facility/IPNS/K18BeamLine/

15. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.07916.pdf