A research study by Lee-Ann Wyatt and Janice Lawack · This case study on Sustainable Adventure Tourism in South Africa was developed by Lee- ... Tata Madiba. Nelson Mandela was born

A research study by Lee-Ann Wyatt and Janice Lawack

GTTP CASE STUDY - SUSTAINABLE ADVENTURE TOURISM SOUTH AFRICA

2015

Page 2 of 31 Paul Sauer High School, Kareedouw, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3

2. CASE WRITERS 4

3. INTRODUCTION : South Africa 5

Eastern Cape

Kareedouw

4. CASE STUDY : 10

Sustainable Adventure Tourism balances on three legs

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Problem statement

4.3 Research

4.4 Problems associated with sustainability in adventure tourism

5. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION 18

6. GRATITUDE 20

7. REFERENCES 20

8. TEACHERS GUIDE 22

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Skills development

8.3 How to use this guide

Activity 1

Activity 2

Assessment instrument 1

Assessment instrument 2


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1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

GTTP Global Partners

The case writers would like to thank the following Global Partners for making this unique

and life-changing experience possible:

Amadeus

American Express

Carlson Wagonlit Travel

Delta Airlines

dnata

Enterprise Holdings

Eurostar

Hertz

Hogg Robinson Group (HRG)

KDS

Starwood Hotels & Resorts

Travelport

Thank you for being leaders in the Travel and Tourism industry and for your valuable

contribution to Global Travel and Tourism education.

We would also like to thank the GTTP-South Africa, our school, our teacher, our parents

and the many people in the Tsitsikamma who made this opportunity possible. Without your

encouragement and help, the writing of this case study would not have been possible.


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2. CASE WRITERS

JANICE LAWACK

I am 15 years old. Partaking in this competition was an amazing experience and has taught me self-discipline and to make the most of every opportunity that comes my way, qualities that will definitely benefit me in the future. When I finish school I would like to pursue a career in tourism, music or media.

LEE-ANN WYATT

I am 16 years old. Tourism is my favourite subject. I know it will open many doors for me in the future. In this competition I have learned that although hard work is not always easy, it will be rewarded. After school I would like to pursue a career in performing arts and music, which I believe is an important tourism sector.

ANNEKE BINNEMAN

I have been teaching Tourism at Paul Sauer High School since 2006. Tourism is a sustainable and growing sector of the South African economy. Teaching Tourism in our area, which has a lot of tourism attractions, has created career opportunities for many of my learners.

Contact us at:

Anneke Binneman

Janice Lawack

Lee-Ann Wyatt

Paul Sauer High School

PO Box 8

KAREEDOUW

6400

SOUTH AFRICA

Tel: ⁺27 42 2880321 E-mail: [email protected]

Fax: ⁺27 86 5594475 Facebook : Paul Sauer High School

mailto:[email protected]


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3. INTRODUCTION

This case study on Sustainable Adventure Tourism in South Africa was developed by Lee-

Ann Wyatt and Janice Lawack from Paul Sauer High School in the Eastern Cape province

of South Africa.

The research was conducted on adventure tourism in the Tsitsikamma, a popular tourism

destination with an abundance of natural resources and adventure tourism activities. The

research was focused on Storms River Adventures, an existing adventure tourism

business.

This case study won the 2015 GTTP Research Award in South Africa.

SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa is situated at the southern tip of the African continent where the Indian and

Atlantic oceans meet. It is a beautiful country and a “must see tourist destination”, a world in

one country. As South African Tourism's new domestic marketing campaign states:

“Whatever you’re looking for is right here.”

According to archaeologists and palaeontologists, South Africa is the “Cradle of Humankind”

with fossils such as Misses Pless, Little Foot and recently, the human like fossil, Homo Naledi.

It is a country with a rich natural and cultural diversity.

South Africa’s scenic wonders are legendary. UNESCO World Heritage sites such as

uKhahlamba Drakensberg, Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape, iSimangaliso

Wetland Park, the Cape Floral Region and Table Mountain, showcase our natural resources.

Nature is protected, with about 10% of the country proclaimed as conservation areas. The

Big 5, namely elephant, rhinoceros, leopard, lion and buffalo can be seen in most of our

twenty one National Parks.

We have a coastline stretching nearly 3 000 km, consisting of rocky shores, river mouths and

exquisite sandy beaches. South Africa has the only “Blue Flag” beaches outside Europe.

Blue Flag beaches are beaches that have met high international standards of safety,

cleanliness and top class facilities, and therefor attract many adventure tourists.

The country has a population of about 52-million people and we are known as the Rainbow

Nation. This is a term coined by Archbishop Desmond Tutu to describe the wonderful diversity

of people striving to live in peace with each other. The population consists of people from

various origins, cultures and religions and we have 11 official languages with English most

widely understood and used.


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The South African flag is a much-loved and globally recognized symbol of the new democratic

South Africa. Well known South African global political icons are former president Nelson

Mandela and Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu.

South Africa has world class tourism facilities such as sport stadiums, international airports,

world class conference facilities, a well-developed communication system with active Wi-Fi

hotspots across the country and an extensive road and rail infrastructure.

The tourism industry is well established and creates many job and entrepreneurial

opportunities. Tourists can pick from a variety of places to stay and enjoy our interesting

rainbow cuisine.

Sunny South Africa has a moderate climate. Great weather invites you to enjoy the outdoors

all year-round. In urban areas tap water is usually of high quality and safe to drink. Most of

South Africa is malaria-free.

The country is a pioneer and global leader in responsible tourism. South Africa is recognised

as the leading sub-Saharan tourism destination and the adventure capital of the world. With

over 130 adventures, there is something for everyone; from mountain walks and game drives,

to bungee jumping and shark cage-diving.

With the decreasing value of the Rand against major currencies, it is a real “Value for

money” tourist destination.

.


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THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE and TSITSIKAMMA

The Eastern Cape is South Africa’s “ADVENTURE and WILD Province”.

The Tsitsikamma – “Place of abundant water”- is situated in the western region of the Eastern

Cape.

The province is known for its amazing natural features such as the 800-km long pristine

coastline, outstanding diversity in Fauna and Flora, Cape Floral fine bush, sub-tropical forests

and Cape Fold Mountains. It incorporates seven distinct biomes.

The moderate climate, incredible natural beauty and variety of adventure activities makes it

an outstanding tourism destination for the adventure tourist. It is well known for international

surfing competitions at Jeffrey`s Bay, for the world’s highest bungee jump at Bloukans Bridge

and for the first African Canopy Tours at Storms River. It is ideal for hiking and has a multitude

of 4x4 and horse trails. The fantastic rivers are ideal for canoeing, rafting and kayaking and

for lilo trips. The province is a mountain bike heaven with a treasure of exciting routes and

weather allowing for cycling all year round. The area offers some of the best and most diverse

rock climbing and abseiling in the world. Paragliding, hang gliding, skydiving and kite surfing

are all popular activities in the ideal conditions of the Eastern Cape. Bird watchers can go in

search of the approximately 320 species, while anglers can catch the big one whilst deep

sea, rock, surf, fly and spear fishing.

The Eastern Cape is situated in a malaria

free area and hosts a number of private game

reserves and three national parks.

Just one hour’s drive from Port Elizabeth,

lays the Addo Elephant Park, where you can

experience the Big Seven: Lion, Elephant,

Rhinoceros, Leopard, Buffalo,

Great White shark and Blue Whale.

The economy of the Eastern Cape and

Tsitsikamma is driven by the tourism, agriculture, forestry and automotive sector. It has

three harbours at East London, Port Elizabeth and Ngqura and three airports at Port

Elizabeth, East London and Mthatha.

The Eastern Cape has a rich cultural and historical heritage and stories of Xhosa kings,

early settlers, cultural conflicts and frontier battles abound. As the birthplace of Nelson

Mandela, the province is also noted for its role in fuelling the fight for South African

democracy. 80% of the inhabitants are Xhosa-speaking.


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Nine tourism routes have been established in the province. These not only highlight its wealth

of natural beauty and deep historical roots, but provide access to a number of must-see

Eastern Cape attractions, such as the Tsitsikamma, Baviaanskloof Wilderness area and the

Wild Coast.

The Wild Coast remains one of the world’s most untouched scenic locations and one of South

Africa’s best kept secrets. Pristine beaches and spectacular rock formations do not come

more beautiful than those of the Wild Coast. Thanks to the rugged nature of the coast, they

remain undeveloped. This is Xhosa tribal country; a landscape dotted by tribal huts, gentle

rolling hills and free roaming cattle.

The Eastern Province is proud to say that it is the

birthplace of our late President, the legendary,

Tata Madiba. Nelson Mandela was born at Qunu.

Our favourite quote from Mister Nelson Mandela

is:

“ It always seems impossible

until it is done”

Wild, beautiful and totally absorbing – a world of wonder awaits the visitor to South Africa's

Eastern Cape.


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KAREEDOUW

Kareedouw is a rural town situated 130 kilometers west of Port Elizabeth at the entrance to

the Langkloof. In nestles between the Tsitsikamma and Baviaanskloof mountains, in a

picturesque area along the Krom River. It is part of the Koukamma municipality in the Sarah

Baartman district of the Eastern Cape Province.

The name “Kareedouw” derives from the Khoi phrase meaning “Mountain pass by the

Karee Trees”. Kareedouw is mainly a Cape floral fynbos-area with indigenous forests.

Poverty and a high rate of unemployment is a big problem in Kareedouw.

The three economic pillars of Kareedouw are:

agriculture

forestry

tourism.

Paul Sauer High School is a multicultural, dual-medium school with about 350 learners from

Grade R to Grade 12 and 24 educators. In our school every learner is important and gets the

chance to choose from 15 different subjects and take part in multi-disciplinary activities such

as rugby, netball, tennis, athletics, drama, debate, camps and outings.


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4. CASE STUDY

“Sustainable Adventure Tourism balances on three legs”

4.1.1 INTRODUCTION

ADVENTURE TOURISM

Adventure tourism usually takes place in unique, remote areas and requires certain levels

of physical activity and ensures a huge adrenalin rush.

The following adventure tourism activities are found in our area:

the world`s highest Bungee Jump at Bloukrans

Ziplines at Witelsbos

Canopy Tours and White Water Tubing at Storms River Village

Shark Cage Diving in Mossel Bay

Sky Diving in Plettenberg Bay

Scuba Diving

Lilo and Kayaking and

Otter-, Tsitsikamma-, and Dolphin- hiking trails in the Tsitsikamma National Park.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

Sustainable tourism strives to incorporate and

uphold responsible tourism practices so that future

generations will be able to experience and enjoy

the tourism attractions and activities.

Responsible sustainable tourism needs to balance

People, Planet and Profit, like the traditional South

African “Potjiekos Pot” that rests on three legs.

All three elements must contribute and benefit from

Adventure Tourism, and sustainable practices

should be incorporated in every adventure tourism

company, to ensure sustainable tourism that will

benefit the tourists, the company and the

community for years to come.


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4.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT South Africa is “A world in one country. Whatever you are looking for, it is right here”.

Due to our cultural and natural diversity, wildlife, weak monetary unit, and of course a

variety of amazing adventure tourism activities, South Africa is a real value for money

adventure tourism destination.

There are a number of threats caused by adventure tourism activities:

Mass tourism can have various negative effects.

Natural resources can be exploited.

Local communities can be influenced negatively.

4.3 RESEARCH ON SUSTAINABLE ADVENTURE TOURISM We did most of our research on Storms River Adventures (SRA) which is situated in the

Tsitsikamma, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

This Eco Adventure company was established in 1998 by Ashley Wentworth. It has been a

Fair Trade accredited company since 2004 and up to 2009 was the only Fair Trade

accredited Adventure Company in the world. Their main objectives and passion, as seen in

their ten point commitment statement, is poverty reduction and to empower the local

community.

It is a company that strives to incorporate sustainable adventure tourism and it has received

numerous awards for practicing sustainable principles over the years.

Adventure experiences offered by Storms River Adventures includes:

Tsitsikamma Canopy Tours. Glide along a harness, on steel cables, 30 meters

above the forest floor, enjoying the beauty of the indigenous forest.

Woodcutters Journey. Enjoy and experience a journey down the old Storms

River Pass experiencing the indigenous forest from a comfortable, specially

designed vehicle. Follow the age old elephant trail while passing indigenous

yellow wood and stinkwood trees . Enjoy a delicious lunch at a beautiful picnic

site.


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The Human Tree. See and experience this

500 year old Yellowwood “forest guard”.

Team Building activities.

In our research we have found that Storms River Adventures incorporates sustainable

tourism practises in the following ways:

ENVIROMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY SRA protects the quality of the fresh Tsitsikamma water by:

using a bio-degradable water system to ensure that waste water flowing into the

forest is clean and does not pollute the rivers.

using a separate drain for the vehicle wash bay to prevent contamination.

testing fresh water from the borehole once a month by a local laboratory.

protecting the diesel pump with a cement wall to prevent spillage of diesel into the

environment.

using eco-friendly soaps and saving water by placing awareness posters in

bathrooms for tourists to read.


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SRA strives to reduce their carbon footprint.

Electricity is saved by creating awareness of the need switch off unnecessary

electrical appliances and by using energy saving bulbs.

They have an extensive recycling depot where waste products are recycled in the

following categories:

A: Tins, cans and metals

B: Plastic

C: Glass and bottles

D: Paper

E: Wet waste

F: Oils – cooking and engine oils.

Labelled recycling bins are used throughout the company

Awareness of the need to recycle is created by means of posters.

Waste is reduced by not using any disposable cutlery and crockery in the

company.

The use of fuel is reduced by using local suppliers within the radius of 65km where

possible. The employees are transported by bus instead of private cars and

tourists are transported to the forest in one vehicle in specific time frames.

SRA protects the beautiful indigenous forest by using the following methods:

The centuries old yellowwood trees used for the Zip lines are protected by non-

permanent structures that, if one day removed, will leave the forest in its pristine

condition.

There are no nails penetrating the trees and the platforms used for the Zip lines

are built on tension.

The cables holding the platforms are protected by hose and rubber patches so as

not to damage the trees in any way.

The strongest and most flexible trees are selected for the Zip lines platforms.

The company cleans the forest once a week to pick up waste products like water

bottles that tourist might have dropped on the tour.

The walkway out of the forest is protected with erosion proof ladders to the base

of the trees and a wooden boardwalk at the exit of the Canopy Tour, has been

built to prevent erosion.

Environmental training is provided to the staff, local children and tourists.



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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: SRA fulfils their social responsibility by:

providing 4 meals per week to 240 primary school children for the past 13 years.

Many of these children do not receive a decent daily meal at home. Meals are

delivered to the local primary school and are supplied by Storms River’s catering

company.

sponsoring water tanks to the community to ensure fresh drinking water to the locals.

caring for the animals of the community by sponsoring a monthly clinic conducted at

the community centre in conjunction with local vets. This program involves dipping,

mange treatment, sterilization campaigns, animal trauma treatment and an

inoculation program. The positive impact is that children are taught a value system

and responsibility.

uplifting the community through training. The company organizes First Aid training

and FGASA tour guide training, which helps the local youth to obtain jobs.

providing a qualified HIV- counsellor from the community who gives knowledge and

support to the people to ensure a healthy community. Condoms are kept on the

premises and distributed in all bathrooms. Literature and informative posters on

HIV/AIDS are available in the workplace and the HIV/AIDS program is extended to

the families of all employees.

regular drug testing of employees is done to ensure a safe and drug-free community

and thus provide a safe environment for the tourists.

supporting local initiatives such as cleaning the village. They give food to the children

who are involved with helping clean the village.

Storms River Adventures ensures that the community benefits from the company as much as the company benefits from the community. An uplifted community is a happy community and they will strive to deliver service excellence to the tourists in a safe environment that will lead to a win-win situation for all.

ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITY

Economic sustainability is very important to Storms River Adventures. For an adventure

tourism company to be sustainable they need to ensure money is wisely spent. A Fair Trade

company needs to ensure fair prices are paid and also fair fees are charged.

SRA fulfils their economic responsibility by:

Creating Jobs:

The Company employs 45 full time and 40 part time staff from all surrounding

communities. Unemployment in the area is about 56% and poverty is a real problem.

The socio economic issues of crime, drug and alcohol abuse can only be addressed

if poverty is tackled head on. The first priority of Storms River Adventures is to put food

on the table of the unemployed.



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Creating entrepreneurial opportunities:

o Storms River Caterers consist of 5 women, from the local community, who

supply 36000 meals per annum to tourists, in a restaurant that is run by the

company.

o Adventure Footage is a small Audio Visual Company supplying DVDs to

Treetop Canopy Tours and Woodcutters Journey clients.

o SRA identifies crafting talent within the community and facilitates such talent.

Storms River Adventures provides a retail outlet for the sales of arts and crafts

by local craftsmen.

They contribute to the multiplier effect in the area because money coming from

adventure tourists is used over and over in the community. They strive to stimulate the

local economy by purchasing 56% of all goods and services locally. This ensures that

the money goes into the community and uplifting it. It also ensures that there is no

leakage of money. All the accommodation establishments have benefited by way of

extra bed nights including SANPARKS. The Canopy Tour generates about R6 132

000 in accommodation per annum. Restaurants in the Tsitsikamma spend an average

of R100 000 on food and beverages per annum. Tourists also spend money at

restaurants, garages, supermarkets and other adventure activities.



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BUDGET PLAN

Storms River Adventures is transparent when it comes to their budget.



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VAT 14% 14%

ROYALTY / COMMISSIONS 15% 15%

CONSERVATION FEES 7% 7%

EMPOWERMENT CATERING CO 7% 7%

ANIMAL WELFARE / EDUCATION 2% 2%

SCHOOL FEEDING SCHEME 2% 2%

ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING 2% 2%

TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT 5% 5%

HIV / AIDS AWARENESS 1% 1%

DONATIONS 0.5% 0.5%

CRAFTING INITIATIVES 1% 1%

REMAINING 43.5% 43.5%

4.4 PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH SUSTAINABILITY IN

ADVENTURE TOURISM The following can be threats to Sustainable Adventure Tourism:

If the Economic, Social and Environmental pillars are not balanced, adventure tourism

will not be sustainable. Fly-by-night entrepreneurs, who are only interested in enriching

themselves, and who do not care about local communities and our natural resources,

will cause the economic leg to grow and money will be lost due to leakages.

Mass tourism can lead to the destruction and exploitation of natural resources and

erosion on hiking trails. The crime rate can increase, making it unsafe for the tourists

and the local people. A lot of pressure can be put on the infrastructure, and the prices

of goods will increase. It can cause visual and noise pollution and less privacy for the

local people. The local community might lose their own habits and cultural traditions

while socializing with foreigners. South Africa’s diverse cultures attract tourists, but will

no longer attract them if we fail to express our unique cultures.

The environment can also be harmed by the poaching of endangered species, by

using rare indigenous wood to make campfires and by using material from endangered

species to make souvenirs.

Natural disasters like floods and veld fires can destroy tourism infrastructure

and the pristine beauty of an area. Tourists can lose their possessions or even their

lives. This can have a very negative effect on tourism in a country, because tourists

will be afraid to visit the country or the destinations where natural disasters occur often.

The tourism industry will decline, employees will lose their jobs and poverty will

increase.



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Bad weather conditions may hamper outdoor activities, causing tourists and adventure

companies to lose money.

Adventure tourism is often a seasonal industry, which discourages young people from

pursuing a career in tourism.

If tourists behave in a way that offends local communities and do not respect the

privacy and culture of locals, people will not have a positive attitude towards tourists

and tourism businesses.

5. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION In our research, we found that the adventure companies we have visited in the Tsitsikamma

area, apply sustainable principles. They balance People, Planet and Profit and provide

excellent customer service. They place a high priority on the safety of the adventure tourist

by using excellent safety equipment. They give thorough briefings before the start of an

activity.

The adventure companies in the Tsitsikamma are spread out over about 100km. There are

a variety of places to stay and eat and the road infrastructure is excellent, thus very little

pressure is put on the infrastructure, except over December holidays, when everybody wants

to experience our beautiful area.

In the Tsitsikamma we experience a moderate climate all year round. Apart from the

occasional veld fires and floods there is no danger of destructive natural disasters.

In our research we found that Storms River Adventures prepared itself for the problems

associated with adventure tourism. As shown in the case study, they do a lot to protect

natural resources and they care for the community.

The company provides effective marketing strategies to prevent an “off season” and they also

save money for the rainy days. They have a limited number of permanent staff members and

work with casual staff during holidays and high season. They also have security cameras on

the premises to prevent crime.

We have concluded that Storms River Adventures is an excellent example of a sustainable

adventure tourism company and are an example for others to follow.



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INCREASE IN TOURIST ARRIVAL 2005 - 2015

While doing our research we realised that the diversity of natural beauty and

weather conditions in South Africa, which create the perfect platform for the

variety of sustainable adventure activities, contributed to the increase in tourist

arrivals in South Africa over the last 15 years. There was a bit of a decline in tourism

to South Africa in the first half of 2015, due to the new visa regulations, which

require all minors to travel with unabridged birth certificates.

We believe that because South Africa is “A World in One Country” and because of

sustainable principles which are practised by adventure companies; adventure

tourism will ensure that tourism to our beautiful country will be sustainable and

growing.

If there is NO TOURISM in our country, there will be NO FOOD and NO FUTURE

for our future generations.

We want to invite all of you to bring your friends and come and visit out beautiful country and experience our amazing adventure in order to put food on our tables and ensure a bright future for our youth.



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6. GRATITUDE

We would like to thank the following people who helped us with our research project:

Anneline Wyatt: Managing Director Storms River Adventures

Eastern Cape Tourism Board

Linda Mannheim: English teacher for language editing

Thank you to all our South African sponsors who made this project and tour possible:

Eastern Cape Department of Education

Eastern Cape

Storms River Adventures Canopy Tours

Ashley Wentworth

Tsitsikamma Crystal

Paul Sauer High School Governing Body

Under the Milkwood

Face Adrenaline Bungy

Tsitsikamma Segway Tours

Tenikwa Wild Cat Sanctuary

Tsitsikamma Falls Adventures

Africanyon Abseil

Untouched Adventures

All learners from Paul Sauer High School for their support.



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7. REFERENCES Storms River Adventures social economic projects 2015

Storms River Adventures environmental projects 2015

Storms River Adventures economic impact 2015

Compiled by Wyatt, Anneline (2015) General Manager Storms River Adventures

Email: [email protected]

Tourism Grade 12 Learner`s Book

Brown,DJ; Govender,V; Holomisa,T (2013) P 194 -212

Via Afrika

http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/overview/eastern-cape

https://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/10ytearsreview_

http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/top10/entry/top-10-reasons-to-visit-south-africa


www.southafrica.info/travel/tourism-growth-250515.htm 25 May 2015

www.southafrica.info/travel/tourism-May 4, 2012 -

http://cdn.tradingeconomics.com/charts/south-africa-tourist-arrivals.png?s=southafritouar 2

November 2015

http://www.southafrica.info/about/sustainable

http://saspecialist.southafrica.net

Acknowledgements for images used: *Most of the photographs used in this presentation were taken by ourselves.

*Thank you to the photographers of the different adventure companies.

*Credit to the following for images used from the internet:

NASA :a.org/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg

www.rabinkyart.com

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/NightLights

Judy Woodgate Tsitsikamma Crystal http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/overview/eastern-cape www.southafrica.info/travel/tourism-growth-250515.htm 25 May 2015 http://cdn.tradingeconomics.com/charts/south-africa-tourist-arrivals. November 2015 www.visiteasterncape.co.za

mailto:[email protected]


http://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/10ytearsreview_

http://www.environment.gov.za/sites/default/files/docs/10ytearsreview_

http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/top10/entry/top-10-reasons-to-visit-south-africa


http://www.southafrica.info/travel/tourism-growth-250515.htm

http://www.southafrica.info/travel/tourism-May

http://cdn.tradingeconomics.com/charts/south-africa-tourist-arrivals.png?s=southafritouar

http://www.southafrica.info/about/sustainable

http://saspecialist.southafrica.net/

http://www.rabinkyart.com/

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/NightLights


http://www.southafrica.info/travel/tourism-growth-250515.htm

http://cdn.tradingeconomics.com/charts/south-africa-tourist-arrivals

http://www.visiteasterncape.co.za/



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8. TEACHER'S GUIDE

8.1 Introduction

This teacher’s guide is based on a case study on Sustainable Adventure Tourism practised by Storms River Adventures in the Tsitsikamma, Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It contains educational resources that will assist learners to:

gather knowledge on: South Africa as an adventure tourism destination and the marketing of a

tourist destination to a specific target group.

understand the importance of conservation of natural resources by UNESCO to ensure sustainable

tourism.

understand the concept and importance of responsible tourism practices to ensure sustainable tourism in a country.

investigate the responsibility of tourism companies to ensure sustainability in tourism.

8.2 The case study will develop the following skills sourcing information through the internet, libraries, newspapers, brochures and magazines.

improving visual, symbolic, verbal and non-verbal communication skills.

using critical and creative thinking to identify and solve problems.

working individually and with others in a group to solve problems.

designing and creating a marketing instrument for a specific target market.

calculating time zones and exchange rates.

developing a sense of responsibility towards tourism in your country and when travelling to another

country.

8.3 How to use this guide

The activities have been designed in line with the South African school curriculum and material is designed for Grade 10 and 12 learners in the Tourism Learning Program. Activities are designed to be flexible - please adapt them, using your own environment and specific examples from your country. Use the PowerPoint Presentation and Case study as resources.

The teachers’ guide contains the following:

Activities:

Learner activities and different forms of assessment

Attachments:

Learning activities - Activities/worksheets are to assist educators in using this case study to encourage learners to learn more about sustainability in Adventure Tourism. The activities are learner centred and have been compiled in such a manner as to encourage responsible learning through self study.

Assessment sheets with rubrics - Help to assist educators in assessing learners, to determine whether the aims/objectives have been met and the outcomes reached.

We trust that you will find these educational resources useful.



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ACTIVITY 1 : GROUP ACTIVITY In groups of six, read the following case study about South Africa and answer the questions that

follow:

SOUTH AFRICA is situated at the southern tip of the African continent where the Indian and Atlantic

oceans meet. It is a beautiful country and a “must see tourist destination”, “a world in one country”.

As South African Tourism's new domestic marketing campaign states: “Whatever you’re looking for

is right here.”

It is a country with a rich natural and cultural diversity. South Africa’s scenic wonders are legendary. UNESCO World Heritage sites such as uKhahlamba

Drakensberg, Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape, iSimangaliso Wetland Park, the Cape

Floral Region and Table Mountain showcase our natural resources. In most of the 21 National Parks

the Big 5 can be seen.

A coastline of nearly 3,000 km consists of rocky shores, river mouths and exquisite sandy beaches.

The country has a population of about 52-million people, known as the Rainbow nation. This is a

term coined by Archbishop Desmond Tutu to describe the wonderful diversity of people striving to

live in peace with each other. The population consists of people of various origins, cultures and

religions, and South Africa has 11 official languages with English most widely understood and used.

South Africa has world class tourism facilities such as sport stadiums, three international airports,

conference facilities, a well-developed communication infrastructure, active WiFi hotspots across

the country and extensive road- and rail infrastructure. Tourists can pick from a variety of places to

stay and enjoy our interesting rainbow cuisine.

Sunny South Africa has a moderate climate. Great weather invites you to enjoy the outdoors all

year-round. In urban areas tap water is usually of high quality and safe to drink and most of South

Africa is malaria-free. The country is a pioneer and global leader in responsible tourism. South Africa is recognised as the

leading sub-Saharan tourism destination and the adventure capital of the world. With over 130

adventures, there is something for everyone, from mountain walks and game drives to bungee

jumping and shark cage-diving. Over and above all these reasons, with the current exchange rate of 15 ZA Rand against the Euro, it

is a real “value for money” tourist destination.



2015

QUESTION 1 In your group, discuss TEN reasons why you would like to spend a gap year in South Africa.

(10) QUESTION 2

Use the knowledge gathered in question one and design a marketing brochure which the South

African Department of Tourism can use to attract gap year tourists from foreign markets to visit

South Africa. The instrument should demonstrate the assumption that “South Africa is a world in one

country.” (20)

QUESTION 3 Use the internet and other sources, and do research about UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Report

your findings under the following headings:

3.1 Explain the acronym UNESCO (1)

3.2

Explain the role that UNESCO plays regarding world heritage sites.

(3)

3.3

Give TEN criteria that an attraction must adhere to, to be proclaimed as an UNESCO World Heritage Site.

(10)

3.4

Discuss the importance of protecting natural areas globally as World Heritage Sites.

(2)

3.5

Indicate four possible positive impacts that a World Heritage site can

have on the economy of a country. (4)

TOTAL: 50



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ACTIVITY 2: SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES IN ADVENTURE TOURISM Read the case study on sustainable adventure tourism practised by Storms River Adventures (SRA)

and answer the questions.

STORMS RIVER ADVENTURES (SRA) PRACTICES RESPONSIBLE

PRINCIPLES TO ENSURE SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

ADVENTURE TOURISM

Adventure tourism usually takes place in unique, remote areas and requires certain levels of physical

activity and provides an adrenalin rush.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM

Sustainable tourism strives to incorporate and uphold responsible tourism practices so that future

generations will be able to experience and enjoy the tourism attractions and activities.

Responsible sustainable tourism needs to balance People, Planet and Profit like the traditional South

African “Potjiekos Pot” that rests on three legs.

SRA FULFILS THEIR ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITY AS FOLLOWS:

The Company employs 45 full time, and 40 part time staff from all surrounding communities.

Unemployment in the area is about 56% and poverty is a real issue. The socio economic issues of

crime, drug and alcohol abuse can only be addressed if poverty is tackled head on.

They create entrepreneurial opportunities; for example Storms River Caterers, that consist of 5

women from the local community, supplying 36 000 meals per annum to tourists in a restaurant that

is run by the company. Adventure Footage is a small Audio Visual Company supplying DVDs to

Treetop Canopy Tours and Woodcutter’s Journey clients. Storms River Adventures provides a retail

outlet for the sale of art crafts by local craftsmen.

SRA contributes to the MULTIPLIER EFFECT in the area because money coming from adventure

tourists is used over and over in the community. They strive to stimulate the local economy by

purchasing 56% of all goods and services locally. This ensures that the money goes into the

community, uplifting it and that there is no leakage of money. All the accommodation establishments

have benefited by way of extra bed nights including SANPARKS because The Canopy Tour generates

about R6 132 000 in accommodation per annum. Restaurants in the Tsitsikamma spend an average

of R100 000 on food and beverages. Tourists also spend money at restaurants, garages,

supermarkets and other adventure activities.

SRA FULFIL THEIR SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS FOLLOWS:

Storms River Adventures has provided 4 meals per week to 240 primary school children for the past

13 years. Many of these children do not receive a decent daily meal at home.

They have sponsored water tanks to the community to ensure fresh drinking water to the locals. The

company helps to care for the animals of the community by sponsoring a monthly clinic conducted at

the community centre in conjunction with local vets. The company organises First Aid Training and

FGASA tour guide training, which help the local youth to obtain jobs. They have a qualified HIV-

counsellor from the community providing knowledge and support to the people to ensure a healthy



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community. Condoms are kept on the premises and distributed in all bathrooms. Literature and

informative posters on HIV/AIDS are available in the workplace and the HIV/AIDS program is

extended to the families of all employees.

Workers are also regularly tested for drugs to ensure a safe and drug-free community and thus provide

a safe environment for the tourists. Local initiatives such as cleaning the village are supported.

Storms River Adventures ensures that the community benefits from the company as much as the

company benefits from the community. An uplifted community is a happy community and they will

strive to deliver service excellence to the tourists in a safe environment that will lead to a win-win

situation for all.

QUESTION 1

Use the internet or a dictionary and define the following terminology:

1.1 Sustainability: (2)

1.2 Adventure Tourism: (2)

QUESTION 2

2.1 Name the three pillars of Sustainable Tourism that have to balance for tourism to be

responsible.

(6)

2.2 Apart from creating jobs and entrepreneurial opportunities, state three

other positive economic influences of the company on the local community. (6)

2.3 Explain five ways in which the local community benefits from sustainable

social principles, practiced by Storms River Adventures. (5) 2.4 Recommend three points that can be included in SRA's environmental

policy regarding road transport, to reduce their carbon footprint. (3)

2.5 “ Responsible travel is about holiday experiences that enable tourists to get a

little bit more out of their travels and give a little bit more back to destinations and local people. When we visit beautiful places, it is natural to want our holidays

to have a positive impact on local people and the environment in which they live.” [Adapted from www.responsibletraveller.co.za]

2.5.1 Describe six disadvantages that irresponsible tourism behavior could have on an area and community. (6)

2.5.2 Compile a ten point “Code of Conduct” that an adventure tourist should

adhere to when travelling to a foreign country to enjoy the natural beauty of that country and experience the adventure activities it offers. (10)

http://www.responsibletraveller.co.za/



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2.6 Write a paragraph to debate the advantages of training and employing local people by an adventure tourism business versus employing trained staff that have got

experience as adventure tourism guides. (10)

TOTAL: 50

GRAND TOTAL: 100

ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT - GROUP ACTIVITY 1

Group: …………………………………… Group leader…………………………………

Learner reporting back: ……………………………………

Group members:

1. …………………………………… 2. ……………………………………

3. …………………………………… 4. ……………………………………

5. …………………………………… 6. ……………………………………

GROUP ASSESSMENT:

CRITERIA

1

2

3

1. All the group members understood the task and knew what they

had to do.

2. Each group member had a chance to participate and contributed to the task

at hand.

3. Group members gave one another a chance to explain their opinions and

respected one another's opinion.

4. There was discipline and work ethic within the group.

5. The group could give solutions to the questions.

6. Group members motivated and encouraged one another during the task.

7. The group leader could summarise and report our solutions efficiently.



2015

QUESTION 1 Learners were able to identify TEN reasons, from the case study, for gap year tourist

to visit South Africa from the case study. (10)

QUESTION 2

ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT : MARKETING BROCHURE

CRITERIA

Possible mark

Mark given

Ten different aspects of South Africa as a destination of choice , are shown in the marketing brochure

10

A map is included to show the position of South Africa

2

The marketing brochure is trendy and will catch the interest of the target market, gap year tourists

2

The type of marketing brochure will appeal to gap year tourists

2

The information in the marketing brochure is clear and informative

2

Contact details are given

2

TOTAL

20

(20)

QUESTION 3 3.1 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. (1)

3.2 UNESCO identifies, proclaims and protects areas as world heritage site. (3)

3.3 Selection criteria

(i) to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;

(ii) to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

(iii) to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a

civilization which is living or which has disappeared;

(iv) to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

(v) to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use,

or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

(vi) to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas,

or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance.

(vii) to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;



2015

(viii) to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

(ix) outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological

processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;

(x) to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation

of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation. (10)

(Source : http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria)

3.3 To protect cultural heritage and natural heritage from destruction by the traditional

causes of decay, but also by changing social and economic conditions.

To protects cultural or natural heritage of global importance from deterioration or

disappearance.

To provide knowledge about conservation and protection of the world's heritage.

Or any other correct answer (2)

3.4 More tourists are attracted to the country.

More FOREX is earned by the host country.

The effect of the multiplier effect will increase

The tourism industry will contribute more to the gross domestic profit of the country.

More jobs will be created and poverty will decrease.

The standard of living of the local community will increase.

Tourism infrastructure will improve.

More foreign investors will invest in the country (Any 4) (4)

[50]

http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria)



2015

ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT FOR ACTIVITY 2

QUESTION 1

Sustainable tourism uses resources responsibly and strives to balance environment, economy and society in order for tourism to there for future generations (2)

Adventure tourism usually takes place in unique and remote areas. it requires a certain level of physical activity and ensures a huge adrenaline rush (2)

QUESTION 2

2.1 People (society), Planet (environment) and Profit (economy) (6)

2.2 Create jobs for local people.

Poverty is relieved.

They contribute to the multiplier effect in the area. (6)

2.3 Children at the local school receive meals four times per week.

Jobs are created ant the company.

Entrepreneurs are given the opportunity to sell their products Training is given to local people to empower themselves

. The local people are proud of the company and because they benefit from the company and tourism, they develop a positive attitude towards

tourism. (5)

2.4 They buy local products.

They transport their employees by bus instead of private cars. They transport the tourists in groups and only at specific time frames to

the forest. (3)

2.5.1 When tourists behave irresponsibly and do not respects locals

and the environment, tourism can cause visual and noise pollution. Local people will have less privacy.

The prices of goods will increase.

There may be a higher crime rate making the area unsafe for tourists and the local people. Hiking trails can be eroded. A lot of pressure can be put on the infrastructure.

. The local community may lose their own customs and cultural

traditions while socializing with foreigners. (6)

2.5.2 A ten point “Code of Conduct” for adventure tourist:

Do research about the culture and environment before you visit an area.

Learn a bit of the language of the country you are going to visit.

Respects the privacy of others.

Take only photos and leave only footprints when in nature.



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Stay on designated footpaths and roads.

Do not feed animals in the wild.

Use electricity and water wisely.

Do not use indigenous wood for fires.

Ensure that all camp fires are put out.

Purchase souvenirs from local entrepreneurs.

Pay fair prices for the products

Ensure products are not manufactured using endangered species.

Experience the local cuisine. (Or any other suitable answers) (10)

2.6 A paragraph to debate the advantages of training and employing local people by an adventure tourism business versus employing trained

staff who have experience as adventure tourism guides was written. Arguments are valid, coherent and logical. (10)

[50]

GRAND TOTAL: 100

Documents

A research study by Lee-Ann Wyatt and Janice Lawack · This case study on Sustainable Adventure Tourism in South Africa was developed by Lee- ... Tata Madiba. Nelson Mandela was born