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5 ½ M i l e , U p p e r S h i l l o n g , S h i l l o n g - 7 9 3 0 0 9 , M e g h a l a y a
(Registration No. SR/BRDC-89/99 of 1999 under Societies Meghalaya Act., XII of 1983)
A n A s s o c i a t e o f t h e M e g h a l a y a I n s t i t u t e o f N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e s U n d e r
I n t e g r a t e d B a s i n D e v e l o p m e n t a n d L i v e l i h o o d P r o m o t i o n P r o g r a m m e
Phone No. : 0364 – 2561530
Email: [email protected]
Tele Fax : 0364 – 2561530
A REPORT
ON
ACTIVITiES/ INITIATIVES
OF
BIO RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT CENTRE
UP TO AUGUST, 2015
INDEX
Chapter Content Page
Chapter – 1
About the Centre [Introduction: Organizational Structure of BRDC: Mission: Objective: Activities]
1 – 2
Chapter – 2 Activities/ Initiatives of the Centre [Conservation and Sustainable Use of Bio – Resources: Giving Back to Nature Initiative: Promotion of Plants with Medicinal & Aromatic Values: Field Experiments and Trails: Dehydrated Floral Craft Technology: Demonstration of Affordable Technology: Action Research: Documentation of Local Knowledge and Practices: Collaborative Research: Training and Capacity Building]
3 – 7
Annexure – I List of Indigenous Orchids Micro-propagated
9 – 15
Annexure – II Field Trials of Bio – Inoculants like Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, Trichoderma, Bacillus
16 – 19
Annexure – III Manual on Artemisia annua
20 – 21
Annexure – IV Manual on Cultivation of Chenopodium Quinoa (Quinoa)
22 – 23
Annexure – V Manual on Dehydrated Floral Craft Technology
24 – 30
Annexure – VI Manual on Procedures for Making Different Types of Compost, etc
31 – 41
Annexure – VII Manual on Energy Pillar Technology (EPT) for Improved Productivity of Fruit Trees
42 – 45
Annexure – VIII Manual on Bio Control Agents (BCA)
46 – 50
Annexure – IX Manual on Production of Blue Green Algae (BGA)
51 – 52
Annexure – X Manual on Vertical Farming
53 – 55
Annexure – XI Manual on Preparation of Orange Growth Promoter (made from jaggery & vegetables)
56 – 57
Annexure – XII Manual on Treatment of Aphids in Orange Plantation
58 – 59
Annexure – XIII Manual on Procedures, etc for Production of Trichoderma
60 – 62
Annexure – XIV Manual on Documentation of Local Knowledge & Practices
63 – 69
Chapter – 3 Research Team & Administration & Accounts Team 70 – 71
From Director’s Desk
At the outset, I owe my sincere thanks to the Government of Meghalaya in providing another opportunity to serve the people of Meghalaya through the Bio – Resources Development Centre. I assumed charge of the responsibilities bestowed upon me on 21.6.2013 (FN). It took me sometime to acclimatize and to understand the perception and working conditions of the Centre as also to build the right kind of enabling ecosystem to work so as to effectively and efficiently deliver the knowledge services required by the citizenry
Under the constant guidance of respected (Retd) Chief Secretary & Chairman of the Centre, Mr. W.M.S Pariat, IAS and the present Chief Secretary & Chairman of the Centre, Mr. P.B.O Warjri, IAS, Development Commissioner, Mr. R.M Mishra, IAS, Mr. Pankaj Jain, IAS, Principal Secretary (Planning) & Vice Chairman of the Centre, we have been able to pursue in the right direction the activities and servicing knowledge through Field Experiments and Trials using bio – inoculants, etc, Action Research, Demonstration of affordable green technologies for improving productivity of crops, etc, addressing diseases and pests of crops with affordable/ locally available materials/ biomass, Documentation of Local Knowledge and Practices, etc.
This report on the activities/ initiatives of the BRDC up to August, 2015 would not have been possible without the collective endeavour of all my colleagues at the Centre.
I may also take this opportunity to place on record my thanks to Mr. P.B.O Warjri, IAS, Chief Secretary & Chairman, BRDC, Mr. R.M Mishra, IAS, Development Commissioner and Mr.P.Jain, IAS, Principal Secretary (Planning) & Vice Chairman of the Centre for their encouragement and words of wisdom without which this publication would not have been possible.
(RRBR Thabah)
About the Centre Introduction
The Bio Resources Development Centre (BRDC) is a registered institution under the Societies Registration Act XII of 1993, Meghalaya within the ambit of Science & Technology Cell of the Department of Planning, Govt. of Meghalaya. It became operational during the year 2003. The registered office of the BRDC is located at 5 ½ Mile, Upper Shillong, 793009, Phone No: 0364 – 2561530, Tele fax – 0364 – 2561530, Email: [email protected], website: www.brdc.gov.in. The BRDC is one of the associates of the Meghalaya Institute of Natural Resources under the aegis of the State Flagship Programme – “Integrated Basin Development and Livelihood Promotion Programme”
The Centre has the Governing Council with the Chief Secretary and Principal Secretary/ Commissioner & Secretary (Planning) as the Chairman and Vice Chairman respectively and other members. The Director of the Centre is the Member Secretary of the Governing Council
Organizational Structure of BRDC
Chief Secretary & Chairman
Principal Secretary (Planning) & Vice Chairman
Director
Administrative & Accounts
Ø 1 no Administrative & Accounts
Officer
Ø 1 no Lower Division Assistant
Ø 2 nos Multi – Tasking Assistant
Ø 1 no Office Peon
Ø 1 no Driver
Research
Ø 2 nos Jr. Scientist
Ø 11 nos Programme Associate/
Intern placed by the Meghalaya
Basin Development Authority
Ø 1 no Laboratory Attendant
1
Mission
“Bio Resources and Sustainable Development for local green economy facilitation”
Objective
“Availing biological technology and appropriating such technology as meaningful knowledge in facilitation for social, economic and environmental development”
Activities
1. Studies, Action Research, Trials and Scientific Documentation
2. Documentation of Local Knowledge and Practices
3. Integration of technology with local knowledge and practices
4. Demonstration of different affordable technologies to farming communities on Organic Farming, bio-control, etc. to reduce risk associated with climate, diseases and market
5. Micro – Propagation of potential economic plants
6. Scientific validation of the properties of plants with market – value.
7. In partnership with Universities, R & D Institutions and other Government Organizations in designing & planning of collaborative projects related to biological resources and sustainable development
2
ACTIVITIES/ INITIATIVES
In pursuance of the mission – objectives of the Centre, the activities/ initiatives taken up under the Project on Promotion of Biological Technology are narrated as follows:-
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Bio – Resources
The Centre began implementation of the ‘5 – Year Project on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Bio – Resources’ sanctioned by the Department of Bio – Technology, Government of India during FY 2005 – 06 with project cost of Rs 73,19 Lakh. In the project cycle of five years, the Centre had established the required infrastructures and instrumentation, etc for micro – propagation utilizing tissue culture techniques for Germplasm Conservation of Orchids. Various field visits were conducted for collection of indigenous orchids available under different agro – climatic regime of the State. As many as eighty – thousand indigenous and exotic orchids were propagated and are maintained in different stages of growth. 4000 nos were distributed to 11 nos trained Entrepreneurs from Village Lawsothun, Mawkriah, Pomlum, Mylliem, Laitkroh and 3 ½ Mile Upper Shillong during the year 2012. List of Plants is given in Annexure – I.
Giving Back to Nature Initiative
Under the giving back to nature initiative, the Centre plans to transfer back the eighty – thousand orchids to natural habitat for bio – diversity promotion in different phases. Such Orchids Park would, inter – alia, provide livelihood opportunities for rural communities. Identification of Villages & Sites will be worked out in collaboration with District Basin Development Units and EFCs. It will take off after obtaining prior informed consent and a deed of mutual agreement that village communities will take charge and ownership with responsibility of this Initiative as their heritage
Promotion of Plants with Medicinal & Aromatic Values
The Centre has built a platform for convergence of minds and ideas with about five – hundred Local Health Practitioners (LHPs) across the State in various workshops to, inter – alia, understand the challenges and value chain critical gaps and opportunities in promoting and conserving Indigenous System of Medicine as heritage.. In collaboration with District Basin Development Units through Block Development Officers, the Centre will, in the phase – I, enlist the Name of LHPs, Address, Contact and Area of Specialization and publish the Directory of LHPs across the State. In a phase manner, the Centre has drawn a plan of action comprising of the following activities: -
a. Documentation of the name of plants used by LHPs, name of ailments/ diseases treated and method of preparation of the products like medicines, balms, ointments, etc
b. Name of plants which could be cultivated in open field or natural habitat and knowledge on propagation and package of practices of such plants which LHPs may have.
c. Mapping of geographical location, spatial distribution of plants across the State in GIS platform so as to understand their status and volume.
d. Assessment of value chain and critical gaps.
e. Promoting Community Nursery for propagation of potential economic plants creating herbal garden/ park.
f. Bio – prospection of the properties of plants commonly used by LHPs for dose – standardization, etc.
3
g. Empowering Entrepreneurs with the required skill – sets in taking manufacturing and marketing of herbal products like medicines, cosmetics, candies, healthy drinks, etc.
h. Recognition of LHPs and their practices.
i. Promoting organized Wellness Centres.
j. Facilitating G.I. Certification, Intellectual Property Rights.
Field Experiments and Trials
1. Commencing 2013, in collaboration with the Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) – National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), Lucknow, various trials are being conducted in Experimental Farms and Farmers’ Field on different crops like potato, pea, french bean, ginger, turmeric, maize, etc using bio – inoculants and different organic composts. The result on crops which were harvested is encouraging in term of improved productivity and soil health. More of such field trials need to be conducted with scientific documentation before finalizing recommendation, etc. A Manual on such trials are at Annexure – II
2. In partnership with CSIR – NBRI, Lucknow, potential economic plants like Artimisia annua, Mentha piperita, Pelargonium graveolens, Damask Rose, Vetiveria zizanioides were tried during 2013 in the Experimental Farm, Laitmynsaw. The growth and performance of Artimisia annua and Mentha piperita have been very good and encouraging. The oil content of Artimisia annua plants at the Experimental Farm, Laitmynsaw is higher than that reported by CSIR – NBRI elsewhere. The Centre has transferred the above mentioned crops for trials in Experimental Farms located in different agro – climatic regime like in East Jaintia Hills, West Garo Hills, South West Garo Hills and East Garo Hills. During 2015, the Centre has started conducting trials on local Geranium (Pelagonium graveolens) which has aromatic value in view of the readily available market. Cultivation of Artimisia annua, Mentha piperita by growers will be taken in Phase – 2, after confirmation of the market. A manual on cultivation of artimisia, mentha, geranium is at Annexure-III
3. During 2015, the Centre has conducted trials on Chenopodium quinoa. It is a grain crops grown primarily for its edible seeds and belongs to the Family Chenopodiaceae. Quinoa derived its name from the Spanish spelling of the Quechua name keen – wah originated in the Andean region of Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Colombia, where it was domesticated 3,000 to 4,000 years ago. Quinoa is a highly nutritious food product, being cultivated for several thousand years in South America, with an outstanding protein quality and a high content of a range of vitamins and minerals. Other positive aspects of quinoa are the saponins found in the seed hull and the lack of gluten. Quinoa is one of the main food crops in the Andean mountains, but during recent times there has been increased interest of the products in the United States, Europe and Asia. Quinoa has been selected by FAO as one of the crops destined to offer food security in the next century. The ability of Quinoa to produce high – protein grains under ecologically extreme conditions makes it important for the diversification of future agricultural systems, especially in high – altitude area of the Himalayas and North Indian Plains. The FAO of the United Nations has officially declared that the year 2013 be recognized as “The International Year of the Quinoa”. Proposed by the Government of Bolivia and receiving strong support from many Central and South American countries, quinoa has now been singled out by the FAO as a food with “high nutritive value”, impressive biodiversity, and an important role to play in the achievement of food security worldwide. A Manual on Quinoa is at Annexure – IV.
4
Dehydrated Floral Craft Technology
The Dehydrated Floral Crafts Technology (DFCT) in making various types of products like Greeting Cards, Theme Cards, Slip Boxes, Bags, etc was launched and demonstrated by the Scientists of CSIR – NBRI during a 2 Day Training Programme on 19th & 20th July, 2013 which was participated by 34 Rural Women Entrepreneurs from different Cluster Level Federations across the State. Thereafter, different training programmes were held. Propagation of this technology in different clusters is being done by the thirty – nine Master Trainers. Presently, there are more than a hundred of rural entrepreneurs and about twenty – thousand marketable floral craft products were made. With the support of the Community and Rural Development Department through the Principal Secretary, Mr. K.N Kumar, IAS, thirty – nine Solar Dryers were distributed to the Entrepreneurs on April 24, 2015 for drying the plants. Another training and capacity building will be held shortly to impart the Master Trainers regarding entrepreneurial skills, accounting, book keeping, profit and loss accounting, management aspects including marketing, revenue/business model, design of quality products required by markets and finishing, etc. A manual on DFCT is at Annexure – V
Demonstration of Affordable Technology
Beginning 2015, the Centre has undertaken with interested farmers hands – on demonstration on Vermi Composting, NADEP Composting, Non – Soil Composting and Catalysed Non – Soil Composting utilizing biomass like agriculture and plant wastes, cowdung which are locally available. The Units were made with locally available materials like bamboo, etc. In collaboration with District Basin Development Units & EFCs, as many as 100 farmers have been covered till now. There are 20 Partners who are willing to take up in conducting hands – on demo of the above four types of organic compost within their villages and adjacent villages. A manual on different composts is at Annexure – VI
Action Research
1. As one of the attempts to find out a solution in correcting orange decline in Meghalaya, the Centre has initiated action research adopting Energy Pillars Technology (EPT) on 14.3.2015 at Village Gokulgre, Resubelpara Block, North Garo Hills District utilizing biomass available locally, etc for twenty orange plants and at Village Nongjrong, Mawkynrew Block, East Khasi Hills District with effect from June 16 - 18, 2015 for 3 plants. More of such action research will be conducted with orange growers identified by District Basin Development Units and EFCs and after scientific documentation the technology will be pass on to the concerned departments for propagation. It may be noted that this technology is not the solution, as the orange growers are required to holistically adopt the management and package of practices while growing orange. A manual on EPT is at Annexure – VII
2. After conducting field studies and assessment of common diseases and pests of crops, the Centre is initiating taking up propagation of Corcyra and production of bio – control agents like reduvid bugs, spiders, etc. Trials will be conducted in farmer’s field during 2016. The Centre has worked out a low cost laboratory with locally available materials for propagation of Corcyra and production of bio – control agents by interested farmers as one of the measures of Integrated Pest Management. A Manual on Production of Bio Control Agents is at Annexure-XIII.
3. Blue Green Algae (BGA) and Azolla as bio – fertilizers is being initiated as one of the attempts to improve productivity of paddy. Screening and On – Laboratory Production of local strains is in progress for generation of pure cultures. Trials on paddy farmer’s field will begin in the ensuing paddy growing season
5
in 2016. Low Cost production of blue green algae and azolla by farmers is also in process. A manual on Production of BGA is at Annexure – IX
4. The Centre is presently conducting in Experimental Farms on utilizing different locally available materials required for Vertical Farming (VF) and different types of bio – inputs in production of organic vegetables. This would be beneficial for farmers who are landless and/ or marginal in particular. Water requirement is negligible compared to vegetables grown in open field. A manual on VF is at Annexure –X
5. Production of different types of compost utilizing various biomass like plant wastes, animal wastes from cow, pig, poultry, goat, various agricultural and plants. Recommendation will be made after such composts are analysed and documentation scientifically which will also include unit cost of production
6. The Centre has recently taken up production of Growth Promoter (GP) utilizing affordable materials at Village Nongrmai, Mairang Block, West Khasi Hills District. It will also pursue production of other forms of Growth Promoters as also plants with insecticidal and pesticidal properties for bio – control. A Manual on GP is at Annexure – XI
7. Control of Aphids on Orange Plants was conducted successfully at Village Nongrmai utilizing a mixture of locally available biomass. A Manual is at Annexure – XII
8. The centre has recently taken up production of Trichoderma as bio-input which is a very effective biological mean for plant disease management especially the soil borne related diseases and also to promote the growth of plants. On Lab production of trichoderma has been carried out at the Centre in which 2 kg was produced. Field Experiments and Trials on farmer’s field have been conducted on potato and garden peas where the seeds have been treated with trichoderma. The treated potato showed a highest yield and garden peas showed higher yield with a better shelf life in comparison to control. A Manual for production of Trichoderma & costing is at Annexure-XIII
On Lab production of bacterial bio- inputs such as Pseudomonas and Bacillus will also be taken up by the Centre shortly.
Documentation of Local Knowledge & Practices
There are several Local Innovators/ Practitioners in Meghalaya who have, through years of experience, knowledge in the field of propagation of seeds and preservation, propagation of planting materials like fruit and forest trees native or otherwise, breeding of pigs, fish, bee keeping, weather forecasting, etc. The Centre has initiated documentation of such local knowledge & practices. A Manual is at Annexure – XIV
Collaborative Research
Under the aegis of the State Flagship Programme – “Integrated Basin Development and Livelihood Promotion Programme”, the CSIR – NBRI has signed the Memorandum of Understanding with Meghalaya Basin Development Authority on December 14, 2012. The defined areas for collaboration are in the extension programmes in the field of Horticulture, Agriculture, Bio – prospection, Plants Microbe Interaction, Floriculture and Dehydration of Flower and other related fields for socio – economic benefits of the residents of Meghalaya.
Other Organizations of the Government of India which have expressed willingness to collaborate are Botanical Survey of India, Zoological Survey of India, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development
6
for North East Region, Imphal, National Bureau of Plant Genetics Resources, Department of Bio – Chemistry/ Botany/ Zoology/ Bio – Technology of North Eastern Hills University.
CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow has on July 8th, 2015 signed a MoU with MBDA in which joint-collaboration projects for developing medicinal and aromatic plants sector in the State including inventory of aromatic and medicinal plants of the state, mapping of natural habitat, endemism and occurrence of such plants, identifying rare and endangered species of such plants, identifying plants which have significant commercial values, in-situ and ex-situ conservation strategies for the species of commercial importance, cultivation trial of selected species, identifying active principles/ constituents of important herbs and medicinal plants commonly being used in the traditional medicines in Khasi, Jaintia and Garo Hills by Local Herbal Practitioners, documentation of traditional knowledge on medicinal and aromatic plants, setting up processing industries for extraction of essential oils, drying or other value addition processes in the identified clusters of villages, value chain analysis, critical gaps identification and marketing of the commercially viable species.
Training & Capacity Building
One hundred students from Sikkim Manipal University, Shillong Campus completed Bachelor and Master Degree in Science dissertation course at the Centre. Fifty Entrepreneurs were trained on methods of cultivation of cymbidium. Two personnel of the Centre had participated in the 11 day training programme on Production of Bio-inoculants, Tissue Culture Technique, Dehydrated Floral Crafts Technology and Genetic Transformation Techniques organized at the CSIR – NBRI, Lucknow. The National Institute of Plant Health Management, Hyderabad had conducted a 10 day training programme w.e.f 9th – 18th Oct, 2014 on Production of Bio control Inputs which was participated by nine personnel of the Centre.
7
ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE – I
LIST OF INDIGENOUS ORCHIDS
MICRO – PROPAGATED
9
INDIGENOUS ORCHIDS
Sl. No Genus/species English Name Local Name Flowering time Habit 1 Acanthephippium
A. sylhetense n.a. n.a. June-July Terrestrial
2 Aerides A. multiflora A. odorata
n.a. n.a. May-June May – July
Epiphytes
Agrostophyllum A. brevipes
n.a. n.a. August Epiphytes
4 Anoectochilus A. spp
Jewel Orchid Tiew dohmaw August Terrestrials
5 Anthogonium A.gracile
Slender Anthogonium
n.a. Aug-Sept Terrestrials
6 Arundina A. gramminifolia
Bamboo Orchids
Tiew pawanglum
May - Aug Terrestrials
7 Ascocentrum A. ampullaceum
n.a. n.a. March-April Epiphytes
8 Bulbophyllum B. leopardinum B. cylindraceum B. striatum B. affine B. gymnopus B. hirtum
Single Flowered Bulbo
n.a.
May – June Dec- Jan
Sept - Oct June
Dec -Jan
Epiphytes
9 Calanthe C. densiflora C. puberula
n.a. n.a. Sept - Oct August
Terrestrials
10 Coelogyne C. flaccida C. prolifera C. ovalis C. borbata C. suaveolens C. punctulata C. flavida C. suaveolens
n.a. n.a. Mar - Apr Mar- May Sep- Nov Sep- Nov
May Apr – May
June May
Epiphytes
11 Corybas C. purpureus
n.a. n.a. August Terrestrials
12 Cryptochilus C. arachnites
n.a. n.a. June Terrestrials
13 Cymbidium C. macrorhizon C. elegans C. eburneum C. lancifolium C. iridioides C. devonianum C. cyperifoliuum
Large root Cymbidium
Ivory
Cymbidium
Master’s
Tdong myrsiang
Tiewlyngksiar lieh
Klong synrai
Tiew lyngksiar
June - July Oct-January March-April.
June Oct-Nov May-July
November Oct-Nov
Epiphytes
10
C. mastersii C. aloifolium C.pendulum
Cymbidium iong May-June May-June
14 Dendrobium D. devonianum D. williamsonii D. hookerianum D. heterocarpum D. lyndleyi D. chrysanthum D. ochreatum D. transparens D. jenkinsii D. fimbriatum D. falconerii D. aphyllum D. formosum D. moschatum D. nobile D. densiflorum D. longicornu
n.a.
n.a.
Tiew khlein masi
Tiew
lyngskaw
May-July
April-May April-May
April July-Aug July-Oct
April-May May
April-May April-May May-June
May May-June J une-July April-May April-June Sept-Nov
Epiphytes
Epiphytes
15 Epigeneium E. amplum
n.a.
n.a.
October
Epiphytes
16 Eria E. coronaria E. pubescens E. spicata
n.a.
n.a.
November
April. Aug-Sept
Terrestrials
17 Goodyera G. procera
n.a.
n.a.
Mar- Apr
Terrestrials
18 Habernaria H. ensifolia
n.a.
n.a.
July - August
Terrestrials
19 Kingidium K. taenalis
n.a.
n.a.
May
Epiphytes
20 Liparis L. nervosa L.acutifolia
n.a.
n.a.
June
Terrestrials
21 Luisia L. spp
n.a.
n.a.
April- July
Epiphytes
22 Malaxis M. latifolia M. acuminata
n.a.
n.a.
June April
Terrestrials
23 Micropera M. rostrata M. mannii
n.a.
n.a.
May - June
Epiphytes
24 Ornithochilus O. difformis
n.a.
n.a.
July-August
Epiphytes
25 Otochilus O. porrecta
n.a.
n.a.
Oct-Dec
Epiphytes
11
26 Paphiopedilum P. insigne P. venustum
Lady slippers Knup
mawiang Thoh briaw
Nov-Feb. Dec-Feb.
Terrestrials
27 Papilionanthe P. vandarum
n.a.
n.a.
May-July
Epiphytes
28 Phaius P. longipes P. flavus P. tankervilliae
n.a.
Tiew lakud November Mar- April April - June
Terrestrials
29 Pholidota P. imbricata
n.a.
n.a.
June
Epiphytes
30 Pleione P. maculata P. praecox
n.a.
Sohkha lieh Sohkha saw
Oct - Nov Oct - Nov
Epiphytes
31 Rhynchostylis R.. retusa
n.a.
Tdong miaw
April - May
Epiphytes
32 Schoenorchis S. gemmata
n.a.
n.a.
May
Epiphytes
33 Spathoglottis S. pubescens
n.a.
n.a.
Aug – Sep
Terrestrials
34 Spiranthes S. sinense
n.a.
n.a.
May - June
Terrestrials
35 Taniophyllum T. khasianum
n.a.
n.a.
May
Epiphytes
36 Thunia T. alba
n.a.
Symboh sohphan
July - Aug
Epiphytes
37 Uncifera U. obtusifolia
n.a.
n.a.
Aug- Sep
Epiphytes
38 Vanda V. coerulea V. cristata V. teres
Blue Vanda
Kjat tyngab
Sept- Dec
April Feb- March
Epiphytes
39 Vandopsis V. undulata
n.a.
n.a.
April
Epiphytes
12
Different Stage of Tissue Culture
Tissue Culture Laboratory
Plantlets of Anoectochilus
13
14
Seedlings of C.aloifolium after 5 months culture
Rooted Seedlings of C.aloifolium
Plantlets of C.aloifolium Plantlets of C.aloifolium hardening
Polyhouse for Propagation of Flowers promoted by the Centre: A- Pomlum-I; B- Pomlum-II; C- Mawkriah; D- Laitkroh; E- Mylliem-I; F- Myliem-II and G- Mylliem III.
G
15
F
D
B
A
C
E
ANNEXURE – II
FIELD TRIALS OF BIO – INOCULANT LIKE
PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA, TRICHODERMA, BACILLUS
16
Seed Treatment v A packet of 200 g bio-inoculant [mention the name of
bio-inoculant(s)] is sufficient for 10 kg seeds v Spread seeds on gunny bags or any locally available
suitable materials v Wet seeds with sticker solution and spread the bio-
inoculant on the seeds v Mix thoroughly with hand and dry in shade v Sow the coated seeds in evening or early morning to
avoid direct sunlight v Any Crops which could be cultivated as seeds Rhizome Treatment v A packet of 200 g bio-inoculant [mention the
name of bio-inoculant(s)] is sufficient for 10 kg rhizomes
v Wet rhizomes and spread the bio-inoculant(s) on the rhizomes
v Mix thoroughly with hand and dry in shade
v Sow the coated rhizomes in evening or early morning to avoid direct sunlight
v Any Crops which could be cultivated in rhizome form
Seedling Treatment v A packet of 200 g bio-inoculant [mention the
name of bio-inoculant(s)] is sufficient for making suspension in10 L water
v Dip roots of seedlings in the suspension for at least 1 hour before planting
v Crops which could be cultivated in the form of saplings/ seedlings
Turmeric plants at BRDC Experimental farm
Ginger plants at BRDC Experimental farm
Field trials on Maize at BRDC Experimental Farm
17
Soil Treatment
v A packet of 200 g bio-inoculant [mention the name of bio-inoculant(s)] is mixed with 10 kg of Organic Compost (mention the name of compost)
Precaution v Dry seeds coated with bio inoculums to be
dried only in shade
v Sowing is done early morning or evening to avoid direct heat of the sun
v If you are preparing sticker by boiling gum or sugar or jaggary, cool it before use
v The seed treatment can be done with two or more bio inoculants simultaneously
v Store bio - inoculants packets in cool and dry place away from direct sunlight and heat. Do not mix with chemicals
* Sticker v 10% sugar solution; 40% gum arabic; 10% molasses; rice starch.
Sowing of Turmeric at village Sahsniang
Treated plots at 60 days after sowing at Umkaliar, Ri-Bhoi District
18
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria
This formulation consisted of Pseudmonas putida (20%; w/V) in talc as carrier, with 108 CFU/g. The major mechanism of mineral phosphate solubilization is the action of organic acids synthesized by soil microorganisms. Production of organic acids results in acidification of the microbial cell and its surroundings. Consequently, Pi may be released from a mineral phosphate by proton substitution for Ca2+. The production of organic acids by phosphate solubilizing bacteria has been well documented. This PSB biofertilizer can be used for a number of crops which requires high phosphorus e.g. maize, wheat and other tuberous crops e.g. potato.
Trichoderma
This formulation consists of Trichoderma harzianum (10% w/v) in talc as carrier with minimum 107 CFU/g. It is a commonly used effective biocontrol agent used against several soil borne phyto-pathogenic fungi. The mechanism employed by Trichoderma to exert the antagonism includes mycoparasitism and antibiosis. It is capable of hvperparasitizing pathogenic fungi and produce metabolites which are antimicrobials. Trichoderma also promotes root and plant growth through phosphate solubilization and production of plant hormones. This Trichoderma based biocontrol agent is a broad range biofungicide that can be used for several soilborne phytopathogenic fungi and also promotes plant growth in crops such as cereals, pulses and vegetables.
Bacillus
This formulation consisted of Bacillus (20%; w/V) in talc as carrier, with 108 CFU/g. The Bacillus sp. in this formulation is a non-pathogenic soil bacteria and an excellent agent to control soilborne plant pathogens. It offers several advantages over other organisms as they form endospores and hence can tolerate extreme pH, temperature and osmotic conditions. The Bacillus sp. colonizes the root surface, increase the plant growth and cause the lysis of fungal mycelia. It produces antimicrobial (“antibiotics”) compounds and also stimulates plant-induced systemic resistance (ISR) to improve plant health and growth. This Bacillus based biopesticide provides protection and against several soilborne plant pathogens and also improve plant health in general in crops like maize, wheat and tuberous crops e.g. potato.
Control plots at 60 DAS at Umkaliar, Ri-Bhoi District
Field trials on French Beans at Mynkree Experimental Farm
19
ANNEXURE – III
MANUAL
ON
Artemisia annua
20
Nursery Procedure Ø Land preparation during January/February
Ø Line sowing during February & March
Ø Spread fine soil after sowing
Ø Germination after about 15 days or more
Ø After about 45 days of sowing seedlings are ready for transplanting
Planting Procedure Ø Land Preparation
Ø Transplanting of seedlings during Mid April to Mid May with spacing of (30x30)cm2
Ø Flowering starts in 120 to 150days after planting
Ø Seed formation starts after 150days or more after planting
Ø Seeds ready for harvesting when plants starts drying
Ø Harvesting and drying of plants for extraction of artemisinin should be done during the peak vegetative stage growth after about 120 days from planting and before flowering
Ø Dry the plants in a bundle of about 1 0nos. in shade for seed production
Ø Seeds are to be dried in shade for about a week and store in a cool place.
Artimesia annua
Mentha piperita
Pelargonium graveolens
Artemisia annua
21
ANNEXURE – IV
MANUAL
ON
CULTIVATION OF
CHENOPODIUM QUINOA
(QUINOA)
22
Procedure: v Land preparation commencing February
v Sow seeds during February to March in (15x15) cm2 spacing, after adding a handful of organic compost.
v Add a handful of organic compost per 18 cm diameter space
v Dibble about 5-6 seeds per 18cms diameter space
v Germination take place after one to three weeks from date of sowing
v Weeding on May.
v Emergence of flowers after about 35 to 40 days of sowing Seeds formation after 55 to 60 days after sowing
v Harvesting starts by the end of June to August
v Dry plants tied in a bundle of about 10 plants in shade Precaution v Depending upon soil analysis report may add
about 500Kg. Powdered lime per ha to protect from cut worm4
v In case of black aphids and leaf minors, add a solution of tobacco and chillies
v Seeds are to be dried under shade for 15 days and more
v Dried seeds should be stored in bamboo basket Procedure for preparing Bio-Control Inputs 1. Materials Required
Ø 10 Litres capacity of Bucket
Ø 1 Kg tobacco (Duma Mutia)
Ø 250 gm ground chilli
2. Procedure:
Ø Add 1 kg of chopped tobacco & 250 gm chilli in 10 Litres water
Ø Mix them well together
Ø Cover the container & leave it for two weeks.
Ø After 2 weeks filter the solution and ready to use.
Ø Spray the about 10 litres solution equally around which is enough for about 100 plants
23
ANNEXURE – V
MANUAL
ON
DEHYDRATED FLORAL CRAFT TECHNOLOGY
24
Materials required
v Flowers and Foliages
v Recycled Papers
v Scissors, Forceps, Glue.
v Pressing Boards
v Dryer
v Fine Sand Procedure
Different methods have been standardized but two methods are commercially viable i.e. Press Drying and Embedding &Drying. Press Drying v The flowers and foliage are kept in blotting sheet/news paper and pressed dried with the help of
“Plant Press”. The plant press has been specially designed in a very simple way, made up of two wooden board fixed with nuts and bolts at four corners. The size of plant press may vary (6" X 12" to any desired size).
v Collected leaves and flowers are kept between blotting sheets and one type of leaves/flowers are always pressed in one sheet. All blotting sheets containing leaves/flowers are kept between two ply boards and tightened with nut and bolt. The materials may be kept at room temperature for dehydration.
v Blotting sheets are changed every 3rd and 5thday to avoid fungal effect/contamination. This helps maintaining the original colour of flowers and leaves.
v For quick drying, the pressed materials may be kept in hot air oven at 60oC
25
Embedding and Drying v Flowers are embedded either in sand or in silica gel
in earthen/plastic/tin/glass pots and pots are kept for dehydration in hot air oven / micro wave oven / solar cooker.
v Standard cut flowers and other attractive flowers can be dehydrated in its original colour and shape. The hot air oven is thermostatically controlled.
Hot air oven
The temperature is maintained at 40 –450C.
Microwave oven
Flowers are dehydrated within 5 –10 minutes. Pots after taking out from micro wave oven are kept for two hours at room temperature for setting.
Solar Dryer
Flowers can be directly embedded in the solar dryer and it can be dried under sun. The time of exposure vary according to day temperature. Solar dryer will be most suitable for rural women.
Pasting and Arrangement
v 2D Products
Ø Dried flowers or foliages are pasted on recycled paper templates
Ø The pasted templates are dried under pressure by using hardboards for maintenance of shape.
v 3D Products
Ø Embedded flowers and foliages are arranged in an air-tight container
26
1st Phase Training on DFC Technology
Dr. S. K Tewari, Sr. Principal Scientist, CSIR-NBRI demonstrating the different DFC technique
DFC Products at the end of the 1st Training
CSIR/NBRI Officials with the participants during the 1st DFC Training
27
2nd Phase Training on DFC Technology
Participant’s practical training during the 2nd Phase DFC Training
DFC Cards at the end of the 2nd Phase DFC Training
3 Day Advance Training on DFC Technology
28
A Lecture on Entrepreneurship Development by Ricky Renthlei, Bethany Society
A lecture on investment and value addition of the DFC Technology products by Mr. P. K. Marbaniang
Hands-on practices in card making pen/pencil stand, slip box, carry bags which have been valued added with the floral crafts.
29
Distribution of Solar Dryer on 24th April, 2015
30
ANNEXURE – VI
MANUAL
ON
PROCEDURES FOR MAKING DIFFERENT
TYPES OF COMPOSTS , ETC
31
VERMI – COMPOSTING
The concept of vermi composting has started since mid-twentieth century and the first vermi composting plant was stared in Hollands Landing: Ontario: Canada. Since then, vermi composting has been stared in USA, Canada, Italy, Japan and the Phillipines. Biological conditioning of wastes through vermi composting has at least three major advantages (Senapati & Dash, 1984). They are: (a) organic pollution abatement by rapid reduction in bulk density and elimination of foul odour, (b) production of vermi fertilizer (worm – cast) for application in agro-, hori- and forest-ecosystem to sustain productive and the ecosystem in general, and (c) production of vermi – protein or vermitin in from wastes and utilization of this protein as feeds (concentrates) for poultry, pig, fishes and other domestic animals.
Vermi-culture, essentially means the process of culturing earthworms and application of earthworms for various purposes, which include:
a) vermi composting urban and rural biodegradable wastes using epigeic earthworms
b) earthworms – protein as poultry feeds, animal – feeds and fish – feeds and
c) earthworms polyculture in sustainable organic farming programmes
The choice of earthworms for vermi composting in India is limited to a few. With the above characteristics in view, three epigeic species of earthworms are normally used, namely: Eudrilus eugeniae (Africal Night Crawler), Eisenia foetida (Tiger Worm) and Perionyx excavatus (Indian Blues). Eisenia foetida is fast growing with annual cocoon production almost 35 times that of Eudrilus eugeniae. Perionyx excavatus is suited for direct introduction into agricultural lands with periodic mulching and organic recycling.
Under ideal conditions, earthworms multiply 20-25 times in 65 – 70 days. The earthworms take 7 weeks to reach adulthood. From the 8th Week onwards they deposit cocoons. A mature worm can produce two cocoons per week and such cocoons produce 3 – 7 young ones after incubation period of 5 – 10 days, depending on the species of the worms and environmental conditions of the bedding material used. There is a maximum cocoon production during rainy season, usually between the months of June and October. Life span of the earthworms is 2 – 3 years.
Note: Construction of structure is done with locally available materials
32
1. Materials Required Ø A frame/ box/ tank with 1 m length, 1 m
breadth and 0.60 m height made out of any locally available materials like bamboo or normal size planks or wooden post, lined/ plastered with mud and cowdung
Ø About 75 Kg of fresh livestock waste is needed in 0.60 cum frame size
Ø About 526 Kg of dried agricultural waste or plant residues is required in a size of 0.60 cum frame
Ø About 2000 earthworms could be introduced in a tank size of 0.60 cum
2. Process
Ø Collection of locally available materials for construction of frame/ box/ tank and lining/
plastering
Ø Collection of biomass like fresh livestock wastes, agricultural/ plant residue wastes
Ø Dry the agricultural/ plant wastes and chop
Ø Mix properly the chopped materials with fresh livestock (1:8 :: livestock waste: organic waste)
Ø The height of the mixture wastes should not be more than 50 cms inside the tank
Ø Keep the mixture wastes for about 2 Weeks or more for decomposition
Ø Introduce the earthworms after the mixture is decomposed and cover with gunny bag or leaves of banana/ bamboo/ areca/ lamet, etc arranged and made in bamboo frame
3. After Care
Ø Check the unit as many times in a week and sprinkle water as and when required
Ø After 8 days, at least every 2 days observe on the decomposition of the mixture before introduction of earthworms
Ø After 45 – 50 days, depending on climate condition, the compost is ready for harvesting
4. Precaution Ø Make a moat of standing water surrounding the tank to prevent ants, etc and cover with a
metal 3 mm mesh which can be also used to separate cocoons from the vermi compost to prevent rats, etc
Ø Make a roofing structure with locally available materials so as to protect the unit from rain and direct sunlight. The height of a roofing structure should not obstruct operational activities.
Note: Construction of structure is done with locally available materials
33
5. Harvesting Ø Harvest and take the compost on the ground and make in a conical heap for few hours. The
worms form-ball at the base which can be taken out and after counted, introduce in the next feed. This process shall run as a cycle
Ø Dry the compost in shade not in direct sunlight and use the 30 mm sieve to separate young ones and cocoons from the compost. The young ones and cocoons are then introduced in the new feed mixture after counting. Keep the product safely in shade in containers like gunny bag, etc so as to maintain the moisture level, etc
Ø A tank – size of 1m x 1m x 0.60 m with a capacity of about 600 K of mixture wastes and with 2000 earthworms may yield about 400 Kg vermi compost in 45 – 50 days
Ø Analyse the Macro and Micro Nutrients, pH of the vermi compost
Ø Work out the application dosage for crops.
NADEP COMPOSTING
NADEP composting draws its name from Namdev Rao Pandharipande who toiled for 25 years at Kumarappa Gowardhan Kendra at Pusad in Maharashtra to perfect the technique of this composting method. The combined decompositional process amongst animal wastes and biomass wastes with the conversion rate of 1 Kg Dung into 40 Kg of compost is the essence and rationale of this technique.
Depending on the various types, availability and use of agro – wastes, the chemical composition of NADEP compost varies. However, it has the highest nitrogen content amongst all types of ordinary composts.
NADEP composting is a natural process by which biomass wastes, soil wastes and animal wastes are biologically degraded and decomposed into an organic - compost
1) Materials Required
Ø Construction of a 3m x 2m x 1m aerated tank
made of locally available materials like splitted bamboo or bamboo post or wooden post or plank
Ø About 1500 Kg of agricultural wastes/ dried plant residues
Ø About 100 Kg cowdung or slurry till harvesting
Ø About 1700 Kg fine dry soil mass
Ø About 1500 litres of water till harvesting
Note: Construction of structure is done with locally available materials
34
2) Process Ø Collection of locally available materials for construction of aerated tank
Ø Collection of biomass like cowdung, cowdung slurry, soil mass
Ø Dry the plant residues, soil-mass
Ø The 1st layer of 15 cms thickness is to be filled with biomass wastes and filled with cowdung slurry and followed with dried soil-mass. This sequence of layering is to be repeated till the tank is more than full
Ø One sequence of three layers must be completed in one go
Ø Repeat (4) above till the take is more than full on
Ø The top layer is to be plastered with cowdung
3) After Care Ø Water should be regularly sprinkled (depending upon the season)
4) Precautions
Ø The area in which the tank is constructed should be compact
Ø The ground of the tank is to be plastered with mud and dung to present leaching
Ø As soon as cracks develop, filled up with dung slurry
Ø After completion of a sequence of 3 layers @ 15 cm per layer, the filling of the last sequence of remaining layers should be done after observation of the settlement of the 3 earlier layers
Ø Make a roofing structure with locally available materials to protect from rain and direct sunlight
5) Harvesting Ø Harvesting will be done after decomposition
which may take 100 to 200 days without organic solution to hasten the decomposition
Ø The compost is then ran through a sieve and store in a cool place in gunny bag or locally available material so as to prevent loss of moisture, etc
Ø A tank size of (3 x 2 x 1) cum with a capacity of 1500 Kg agricultural wastes, 100 Kg cowdung, 1700 Kg fine dry soil-mass and 1500 litres water may yield 4000 Kg NADEP compost in about 100 – 200 days
Ø Analyse the macro & micro – nutrients, pH of the product
Ø Prescription of dose for application on crops
35
CATALYSED NON – SOIL COMPOST
Organic farming in agriculture needs no emphasis. It also makes agricultural farming profitable like reduction of opportunity cost as the farmers are producing the compost. The application of a catalyst in the compost will enhance decomposition for early harvesting as compare to compost without a catalyst.
The catalyst used is a liquid concentrate. Nature Vel-SW contains multiple strains of microbes. It is certified by Eco certification (ECOCERT) and hence does not need any protective clothing for application. The microbes are nonGM (Genetically Modified) and not exotic. It uses a combination of 10 different beneficial microorganisms like Actobacillus, Photosynthetic Bacteria and Yeast. There is a very high population of beneficial microbes (>25 million cfu/ml) as compared to 8-10 million cfu (Colony Forming Units) in others. It has a shelf life of 1 year. 1) Materials Required
Ø A frame / enclosure/box with 8ft length, 4ft breadth and 4ft height made out of any locally
available materials like bamboo or normal size planks or wooden post or branches of trees
Ø About 300kg of livestock waste (preferably fresh cowdung) is needed
Ø About 400kg of green biomass/agricultural waste/plant residues* is required
Ø About 800 Kg of dry biomass/agricultural waste/plant residues* is required
Ø Half litre (500 ml) of Nature Vel-SW is required
Ø About 1200 litres of water is required till harvesting
2) Process Ø Collection of locally available materials for
construction of frame / enclosure/box)
Ø Collection of biomass like fresh livestock waste, agricultural waste, green biomass, dry biomass and plant residue waste
Ø Dilute 10 caps of NatureVel – SW in a bucket of water (approx. 5litres).
Ø Spray on the cleared area to enable microbes to work from below and maintain necessary moisture as well
Ø Mix equal quantity of chopped green biomass and dry biomass
Ø Soak the mixed biomass in the water that was mix with Nature Vel – SW
Note: Construction of structure is done with locally available materials
36
Ø Place the biomass (6 inch thick) inside the enclosure
Ø Add cow dung (3 inch thick) on top of the biomass
Ø Repeat the same steps from step 4 to step 7 till the enclosure is full
Ø Cover the compost with locally available materials like banana leaves or gunny bags
3) After Care Ø Water should be regularly sprinkled (depending upon the season)
Ø After 45-60 days depending on the climate condition, the compost is ready for harvesting 4) Precautions
Ø If Kitchen waste is to be added, place kitchen waste in the centre of the plant waste and rinse
with diluted NatureVel – SW. Cover with more plant waste to avoid flies and mosquitoes from coming
Ø Cover the compost with locally available materials like banana leaves, sack, or make a roofing structure with locally available materials to protect from rain and direct sunlight. The height of a roofing structure should not obstruct operational activities
5) Harvesting Ø Harvesting will be done after 45-60 days depending on the weather
Ø The compost is then store in a cool place in gunny bags or locally available material to prevent loss of moisture
Ø An enclosure with size of 8ft length, 4ft breadth and 4ft height cum with a capacity of 1200 Kg agricultural wastes, 300 Kg cowdung and 1200 litres water may yield 600 Kg Catalyse Non-soil compost in about 45-60days
Ø Analyse the macro & micro – nutrients, pH of the final compost. (5) Work out the application dosage for crops
Recommended plants to be taken for Biomass*
v Maize stalk
v All legumes including wild species (whole plant including roots)
v Paddy straw
v Any grass clippings
v Garden green waste
v Weeds (without seeds)
v All vegetable waste
v Water hyacinth
v Forest tree leaves
v Wild indigo
v Calotrophis (white madar)
37
Note: Construction of structure is done with locally available materials
NON SOIL COMPOSTING
As the term itself suggests, this is a method which does not involve soil as one of the raw material for the preparation of compost.
Depending upon the various types, availability and use of agro – wastes, the rate of decomposition of non-soil compost will vary. Non-soil composting is a natural process by which biomass* wastes, animal wastes are biologically degraded and decomposed into
organic compost. 1. Materials Required
Ø A frame/box/tank with 2 m length, 1 m breadth, and 1 m height made out of locally available
materials like bamboo or normal size planks or wooden post.
Ø About 200 kg of fresh agricultural waste is needed in 1 m cum. frame size
Ø About 400 kg of dried agricultural waste or residues is required in a size 1 m cum. frame
Ø About 500 kgs of fresh livestock waste (cow dung)
Ø About 500 litres of water 2. Process
Ø Collection of locally available materials for
construction of frame/box/tank
Ø Collection of biomass like fresh agricultural waste, livestock waste (cow dung), plant residue wastes
Ø Chop the fresh agricultural wastes and mix the fresh livestock waste with water in a 1 : 1 ratio to make it into a slurry
Ø Introduce the chopped fresh agricultural waste in the frame/tank/box
Ø Pour the slurry on top of the layer to cover it completely
Ø Introduce the dry agricultural waste on top of the slurry
Ø Keep repeating the steps to make a set of 3 – 4 layers to cover the height of 2 m of the frame/tank/box
Ø Cover the set up using locally found materials like banana leaves etc to ensure that the set up is covered
38
3. After Care Ø Check the unit as many times in a week and sprinkle water as and when required
Ø After a week, at least once in a week thereafter, the set up needs to be observed to ensure proper decomposition
Ø After 75 – 90 days, depending on climatic conditions, the compost is ready for harvesting 4. Precaution
Ø To ensure that sprinkling of water at regular intervals to maintain moisture content of the
compost.
Ø To ensure that the set up is covered so that during rainy seasons or hot climatic situations, the compost is not compromised of its quality/efficacy
Ø The set up is made in such a way to ensure proper aeration in the whole set up 5. Harvesting
Ø Dry the compost in shade to avoid direct sunlight.
Ø Keep the product safely in containers like gunny bags etc. to maintain moisture levels etc.
Ø Harvest the compost which can be applied on the dosage for all crops
Ø Analyse the Macro and Micro Nutrients, pH of the Aerobic compost
Ø A tank size of 2m x 1m x 1 m with a capacity of 1100 kgs of mixture may yield about 1 tonne of Aerobic compost in 75 – 90 days
Recommended plants and animal waste to be taken for Biomass* v Maize stalk
v All legumes including wild species (whole plant including roots)
v Paddy straw
v Any grass clippings
v Garden green waste
v Weeds (without seeds)
v All vegetable waste 8. Water hyacinth
v Forest tree leaves
v Wild indigo
v Calotrophis (White madar)
39
UNIT COST OF PRODUCTION OF COMPOSTS
Item Vermi NADEP Non–Soil Catalyzed Non-Soil
Cost of Collection of materials and construction cost in making the compost units as may be prescribed
912/ - 912/ - 912/ - 912/ -
Cost of collection of biomass (Cow-dung, Maize Stalk, All Legumes Including Wild, Paddy Straw, Grasses, Garden Green Waste, Weeds, All Vegetable Waste, Water Hyacinth, Forest Tree Leaves, Wild Indigo, White Madar)+ Earth-worms for Vermi + Nature Vel-SW for Catalyzed Non–Soil
2304/- 1304/- 1304/- 1604/-
Operational Costs 326/- 326/- 163/- 163/- Harvesting Cost till the final product 326/- 163/- 163/- 163/- Total Unit Cost of production 3,868/- 2,705/- 2,542/- 2,842/- Note: Wages worked out as prescribed under MGNREGS
Training on compost making at Nonglwai village chopping of Dry biomass
40
Training on organic compost making at Mawkamoit Village
Note: Construction of structure is done with locally available materials
41
ANNEXURE – VII
MANUAL
ON
ENERGY PILLARS TECHNOLOGY (EPT)
FOR
IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY OF FRUIT TREES
42
1. Materials Required per Tree (> years old) Ø Name of Green Plants Used
Ø About 200 Kgs. Of plants
Ø 10Lliters Container
Ø Spade, dao
2. Procedure 1) Chop the green plants timely and dip in a
mixture of 10litres water and 5ml Nature Vel-SW
2) Clear the surrounding canopy area
3) Dig tour pits with 3ft. depth and 1 ft. diameter along canopy area
4) Add the equal quantity of ‘1’ in the pits and fill the pits with soil properly compacted.
5) Mix 3ml of Nature Vel-AG in 5Litres water and stir well. Spray the mixture on the whole tree.
Note v EPT is one of the measures Growers should
adopt the whole package of management practices required for fruit-trees
v Soil Profile study of Orchard and Soil analysis will have to be done pre and post action research.
Unit Cost of EPT for 20 Plants
1. Cost of collection of plants with insecticide, pesticidal properties, livestock waste 640/- 2. Cost of 400ml Nature Vel-SE 325/- 3. Cost of Preparation of a mixture and application 480/- 4. Cost of application 320/- 5. Cost of land properties 320/- 6. Cost of Nature Vel-AG, preparation and spraying 200/-
Digging of four holes
Filling holes with green biomass mixed with NatureVel SW
Mulching
43
Pruning and cleaning of tree for pasting with organic fungicide
Training on energy pillars at Nongjrong village
Spraying with Nature-Vel AG
44
VILLAGE GOKULGRE
Farmers chopping the green biomass Dig a hole of about 3 ft depth
Put the green biomass into the holes Dip the green biomass in the solution
45
ANNEXURE – VIII
MANUAL
ON
BIO CONTROL AGENTS (BGA)
46
Procedures Production of Reduviid Bugs v Collection of Male and Female Young adults
v Add sterilized sand about 2 cm just to cover the bottom of the container
v Place a cotton swab dipped in 10 – 15 % honey solution on the side wall of the container
v Place a corrugated white paper for oviposition
v Place 2 – 3 grown of larvae (4th – 5th instars) of Corcyra in a container
v Cover the container with muslin cloth and secure with a thread
v Replace the cotton with honey solution and place Corcyra larvae every 2 days
v About 40 – 50 eggs with be laid on the corrugated paper after 14 days
v Repeat the cycle Production of Eggs
v Collect the eggs by cutting the paper
v Place the paper with eggs in a petri dish and cover with a lid
v In 7 – 10 days, eggs hatch into nymphs
v At 2 – 3 2nd/3rd instars larvae daily in the petri dish for a week
v Place cotton dipped in honey solution
v After a week, transfer the nymphs to a container @ of 10 per container
v Containing 2 cm sand at the bottom and a piece of corrugated white paper
v Place a cotton swab dipped in 10-50% honey solution on the side wall of the container
v Add daily 3 – 5 4th/ 5th instars Corcyra larvae in the container
v Cover the container with a muslin cloth and tie with a thread
v Every 2 days, replace the Corcyra larvae and cotton with honey
v After 40 – 45 days, the nymphs will reach adulthood
v Add Corcyra larvae as the nymphs grown
v Adult nymphs grow 5 nymphal instars (4 moults)
v Repeat the Cycle Note:
1. The first and second nymphal instars consume one small size Corcyra larvae per day
2. Third and fourth nymphal instars consume 2 – 3 small size Corcyra larvae per day
3. Adult nymphal instars consume 3 – 4 small size Corcyra larvae per day
47
Production of Corcyra v Collection of Corcyra eggs
v Add 1 cc (16,000 – 18,000 eggs) Corcyra eggs
v Add 250 gram of dried broken maize grains treated with ash to a container containing 0.5 cc of Corcyra
v Cover the container with muslin cloth and tie it firmly
v Add yeast to enhance capacity of laying eggs of the adult moth as also to enrich the diet
v When larvae hatch in 12 – 14 days, light webbing will be noticed on the surface
v The larvae are allowed to grow undisturbed Production of Moths v Emergence of 10 – 75 Moths take place in 35 – 40 days and will continue up to the 65 – 90
days
v Collect the adults with specimen tubes in a tent made out of mosquito net
v Transfer to a specially designed oviposition cages
v Feed the moths with honey solution (50 ml honey and 50 ml water) by tying a thread to a piece of cotton wool soaked in the honey solution and inserted in the oviposition cage
Harvesting of Eggs
v Every morning lift the oviposition cages and gently clean with a brush, the wire mesh bottom
placed with white paper at the bottom
v Gently roll the eggs on white paper and transfer to a container
v Quantification of eggs is done in measuring cylinders
48
Fig: A). Pairs of reduviid kept in a basin with corrugated paper for laying eggs. B). Laying of reduviid eggs in batch. C). Reduviids feeding on Corcyra larva. (D & E). Different instars of the Reduviid
A B
C
D E
49
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION OF CORCYRA PRODUCTION
Fig: Figure showing rearing of Corcyra starting with (A, B & C) the infestation of eggs in sorghum medium. The basin is covered with a (D) muslin cloth and leave undisturbed till the larvae emerged. (E & F) Collection of larvae from sorghum medium (H) Collection of adult moths after 40 days. (I) The moths are transferred to the oviposition cage where they lay their eggs. (J, K & L)The eggs are collected from the bottom of the mesh wire oviposition cage
A B C
F E D
G H I
J K
F
50 50
L
ANNEXURE – IX
MANUAL
ON
PRODUCTION
OF
BLUE GREEN ALGAE (BGA)
51
Procedure On Laboratory Production of BGA v Collection of BGA from paddy field
v Isolation and culture in appropriate media under aseptic condition
v Identification of Culture using monographs.
v Multiplication and maintenance of 4 to 5 desired strains for mass multiplication in field condition.
On-field Production of BGA v Prepare a plot of 20m x 2m size
v Plough the land and make a bund on all sides
v Plaster the floor with mud to avoid water percolation
v Maintain water in a bunded plot at about 10 cm level
v Add 5Kg. of Soil based composite starter culture of BGA (1:1) containing 4-5 species.
v Broadcast 200gm powdered lime over the plot uniformly
v After about 30days of inoculation the plot is allowed to dry
v Collect the algal –flakes and seal the container properly and keep in a cool place to avoid lost of quality.
v The algal flakes could be stored for more than 2 years
v About 20-30Kg. of dry algal flakes maybe harvested.
Application for on field trials v Powder the soil-based algal flakes finely
v Mix 10 Kg. Powder algal flakes with 10Kg. Soil or sand
v On completion of paddy cultivation and after 7-10 days broadcast 10 Kg. Per hac.
v Maintain 10 cm water level in the field without disturbance for about 10-15days
v Algal growth will be observed after about a week
v After 2-3 weeks, green or brown or yellowish green algal mat will float.
Advantages of BGA
v Cheap source of nutrients and fixes about 20-30kg of nitrogen per hac.
v Improves soil health, water holding capacity.
v Improves soil macro and micro nutrients.
v Increase crop yield by 10-20%.
v Prevents weed development.
On-Lab. Production of Blue Green Algae
On-Lab. Production of Blue Green Algae
52
ANNEXURE – X
MANUAL
ON
VERTICAL FARMING
53
Benefits
v Does not require a large area for practice
v Irrigation is carried out innovatively and simply.
v Effective usage of water and other requisite minerals
v Can be practiced by using locally available low cost inputs
v Can self support families having no land for food consumption
v Can provide healthy marketable vegetables etc. as whole process is organic
v No extra cost on weed or disease management
v About 6 – 7 different vegetables can be grown at the same time Materials Required
v Water
v Pipe made from bamboo/cane/aluminium/steel etc.
v Soil
v Seedlings of crops taken for growing
v Sacs/Gunny bags etc.
v Bamboo cone/basket (big)
v Sharp object for perforation Procedure
v Perforate the pipe which will be used for the supply of water to the entire set up by using the perforator
v Place the pipe made up of other locally available material and place it in the middle of the cone to be the structure for irrigating the basket
v Fill the basket with size (diameter of 1.5 ft and height of 3.5 ft) with soil till it is almost full
v Again using the perforator, make holes from different sides of the set up to enable the different seeds/seedlings to be planted
v Plant the seeds/seedlings in the holes created in the basket at all possible angles
v Irrigate the set up by pouring water in the pipe from the above so that water goes out to all the seeds/seedlings
v Observe on a weekly basis on the growth, development with proper management practises. Precautions
v The basket should not be filled completely with soil as it may cause soil and water loss along with seeds/seedlings during rainy seasons or during irrigation
v The set up should not be mixed with any chemical inputs
54
Demonstration on Vertical Farming
Harvesting of Beet Root grown through Vertical Farming
55
ANNEXURE – XI
MANUAL
ON
PREPARATION
OF
ORGANIC GROWTH PROMOTERS
(made from jaggery & vegetables)
56
1. Materials Required
Ø 3-4 Kg Organic Kitchen wastes like vegetables, etc. 2. Procedure
Ø Crush the jaggery well and dilute the jiggery in 1 litre of water
Ø Pour the diluted jaggery into a container
Ø Add 3-4kg chopped vegetables in the container
Ø Add about10 litre of water & mix thoroughly by stirring the mixture clock & anti-clock wise, twice a day for 15 days
Ø Close the container every time after stirring
Ø After 15 days close the container tightly & leave it for about 40 days.
Ø Yeast formation at the surface of the mixture will be seen after 40 days.
Ø Filter the solution and store in a cool place for future usage. The container should be tightly closed.
3. Precaution
Ø Stir the mixture twice a day for 15 days continuously
Ø Close the container tightly
Ø Don’t dilute the jaggery by boiling
Ø Fruits & skin of fruits can also be added along with vegetables but not lemon 4. Application
Ø Add 1 Litre of solution in 500 litres of water
Ø May be sprayed for all kinds of crops
Ø During the crop life cycle, the solution’1’ may be sprayed every 2 or 3 weeks
Ø In case of rain after spray, the solution may be sprayed the next day. Source: Annadana Soil & Seed Savers, Bangalore
57
ANNEXURE – XII
MANUAL
ON
TREATMENT OF APHIDS
IN
ORANGE PLANTATION
58
Name of Orange Grower & Village: Barket Nongrang, Village Nongrmai, Mairang Block
1. Materials Required
Ø 10 Litres capacity of Bucket
Ø 1 Kg tobacco (Duma Mutia)
Ø 250 gm ground chilli 2. Procedure
Ø Add 1 kg of chopped tobacco & 250 gm chilli in 10 Litres water
Ø Mix them well together
Ø Cover the container & leave it for two weeks.
Ø After 2 weeks filter the solution and ready to use.
Ø Spray the about 10 litres solution equally around which is enough for about 30
Orange farm of Mr. Barket Nongrang, Nongrmai Village
Before Treatment for Aphids
59
ANNEXURE – XIII
MANUAL
ON
PROCEDURES, ETC
FOR
PRODUCTION OF TRICHODERMA
62
Procedures Ø The grain material (Maize) should be cleaned and washed properly.
Ø After washing, the grains is to be filled (1/3rd amount) in autoclavable bags and equal amount of water should be added.
Ø The bags should be tightened using cotton plugs tied with a thread
Ø The filled bags should be sterilized in pressure cooker 20litres for 35-40 minutes.
Ø After sterilization the bags containing boiled grains should be allowed to cool down and separated with gentle shaking.
Ø The bags should be kept in isolation chamber and inoculated near a candle.
Ø Inoculated bags should be kept at room temperature for 5-7 days
Ø Shake bags every alternate days for uniform growth of Trichoderma
Ø After 7 days they can be transferred to the trays for drying.
Ø The ready material having Trichoderma growth will be ready to use as soil application or the fine powder for seed treatment and or for foliar application or for development of bio-formulation with 0.5% sticking agent (10% sugar solution) and carried material (talcum powder)
61
Preparation of media v Fill bags with broken maize and
add equal amount of water v Close bags with cotton plug
Put bags in a pressure cooker (upright position) and cook
for 40 minutes
Transfer the Bags to the inoculation chamber and
inoculate with Trichoderma
Incubate bags at 27°C for 7 -10 days Shake bags every alternate days
Transfer grains with Trichoderma in trays for drying
Mother culture can be purchased from the office.
Inoculation is done inside the inoculation chamber to prevent from contamination.
Hands should be cleaned properly before handling the Trichoderma
Dried and powder Trichoderma can be used for nursery and main
field application
Trichoderma Mother culture
1
2
3
4
5
LOW-COST METHODS OF PRODUCTION OF TRICHODERMA BY THE FARMERS
62
ANNEXURE – XIV
MANUAL
ON
DOCUMENTATION
OF
LOCAL KNOWLEDGE & PRACTICES
63
INDIGENOUS AIR LAYERING METHOD PRACTISED FOR CITRUS
NONGKWAI VILLAGE
Indigenous air layering method for Khasi mandarin Introduction
Nongkwai village is located in the tropical agro-climatic zone of East Khasi Hills District, around 60 km from Shillong under Pynursla block where agriculture is the main source of livelihood for people.
Indigenous Air Layering for Khasi mandarin 1. A good healthy branch is first selected
2. Incision is made about 2-3 cm approximately
3. Before covering the scraped part, secure the branch with Curcuma leaf tying it using a bamboo strip
4. The incision is layered or properly covered with fine earth
5. It is then tied up tightly
64
Minutiae
Total no. of trees 2000 nos. Origin of saplings Umkiang Air layering January Transplanting 8 months after air layering
(Sept- Oct) Pit size (Transplanting) 1 ft approx. Inter-cultural practice weeding twice a year Fruiting 6 - 10 years after transplanting No. of fruiting years through air layering 27 years running Average fruit yield 8 bhar (around 500 oranges/tree) Pest Stink bug Pest management Bordeaux mixture Market price Rs. 300-700 /bhar or 300-700 for 64 oranges Market Pynursla
65
In fig. we can observe that the air layered sapling is being sowed in a slanted position, however to maintain its proper growth the slanted branch is being chopped off to divert the growth of the young branch in an upward position
Contact details: Shri. Phruin Mawlong Village: Nongkwai East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya
66
Indigenous method of propagating
Tree tomato (soh baingondieng)
Propagation through cutting Introduction Jongksha village - Located in the sub-tropical agro-climatic zone of East Khasi Hills District, around 40 km from Shillong, where organic farming is being practiced in every household for growing vegetable crops like pumpkin (pathaw saw, pathaw shimon, pathaw shrieh, mustard, squash, radish, cereals like pearl millet (raitruh & raishan) and maize, fruits like banana (kait khar), Citrus maxima(Pumelo) and others like bay leaves, garlic, turmeric where they preserved their own local seeds for future generation.
Solanum betaceum is a small tree or shrub in
the flowering plant family Solanaceae (the nightshade family). It is best known as the species that bears the tamarillo, an egg-shaped edible fruit. It is also known as the tree tomato or tamamoro. Tree tomato varieties-
a) Red: Red varieties have a red skin and dark red pigmentation around the seeds. The remaining flesh is an amber colour.
b) Golden : Golden varieties have an amber to red skin and no red pigmentation around the seeds giving an entirely amber-coloured flesh
c) Yellow: Yellow varieties have a distinctly yellow skin and amber flesh.
67
Indigenous cutting in tree tomato propagation - developed by the ancestors of the village themselves which is being transferred to the next generation both verbally and practically.
Pictorial presentation of cutting in tree tomato: - Facts: Trees grown near the houses produced higher yield in comparison to the ones grown in the backyard.
Minutiae Cutting June Fruiting October- November Inter-cultural practice Not required Average fruit yield
1st year – 3 kg /tree
2nd year – 5 kg /tree
3rd year – 2 kg /tree
Pest No pest attack Life span 2- 3 yrs ( However, with manuring it can fruit
upto 5 yrs) Manuring Ash, kitchen wastes is used Susceptibility Winter frost Remedy (winter frost) Tree is covered with dried grass Market price Rs.100 /kg Market Smit, Shillong
68
Indigenous Method of Banana Propagation Indigenous banana Rasong village - located in the sub-tropical agro-climatic zone of East Khasi Hills District, around 30 km from Shillong, the commercial crop of the region are local banana, papaya and broom grass.
Bananas are edible fruits, botanically a berry, produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa. The fruit is variable in size, colour and firmness, but is usually elongated and curved, with soft flesh rich in starch covered with a rind which may be green, yellow, red or brown when ripe. Banana varieties
a) Kait Khaji
b) Kait Khar
c) Kait Mon/ Khyllung
d) Kait Tyngka However, Kait khaji and Kait Mon have more commercial values.
Indigenous sowing of banana- developed by the ancestors of the village themselves which is being transferred to the next generation both verbally and practically. Steps for Indigenous Banana Propagation
1. Approximately, 1 ft pit is dugged
2. Top portion of the pseudostems is sown or buried in the pit
3. The pit is fully covered with soil Minutiae Sowing time March- May Cropping system Mixed cropping with broom grass and papaya Inter-cultural practice
Not required Harvesting 2 years after sowing Average fruit yield 5 Bunches /tree/
lifespan (15-20 bananas /bunch) Pest White grubs (Infest the pseudostem but not the
fruit) Pest management Bordeaux mixture* (only in extreme infestation)
Mode of application- Direct application in the pseudostem
69
Research Team & Administration & Accounts Team
Research Team
Name & Designation
Qualification Service Rendered
Contact
Dr. Junie Pearl Lyngdoh, Junior Scientist
Ph.D, Allied Health Sciences, M. Sc Bio – Chemistry
9863100851 [email protected]
Shri. Thomas Iangjuh, Junior Scientist
M. Sc Bio – Chemistry 9863499325 [email protected]
Smt. Lisbeth Sangma, Programme Associate
M. Sc Bio – technology
8730038601 [email protected]
Shri. Indrajit Bhowal, Programme Associate
B Tech. Bio – technology
9774310231 [email protected]
Dr. Hygina Siangbood, Intern
Ph.D, Botany, M. Sc, Botany
8575885602 [email protected]
Dr. Beaula Sharon Challam, Intern
Ph.D, Environmental Sciences, M. Sc, Environmental Sciences
9865273900 [email protected]
Smt. Chivandi D Momin, Programme Associate
M. Sc. Agriculture – Extension
9862991770 [email protected]
Shri. Princhi S.G Momin, Intern
M. Sc, Agriculture 9615148944 [email protected]
Shri. Rajaul Karim, Intern
M. Sc Bio – informatics
8974388771 [email protected]
Smt. Naibalaaihun Marbaniang, Intern
M. Sc, Bio - Technology
8119970142 [email protected]
Shri. Adelbert Kharlyngdoh, Intern
M. Sc Agriculture 9612833762 [email protected]
Smt. Judiciously Bamon, Intern
M. Sc Agriculture 8575049317 [email protected]
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Administration & Accounts Team
Smti. Meristella Marbaniang, Laboratory Attendant
BA 9615325041
Name & Designation
Qualification Service Rendered
Contact
Smti. D.Ranee Administrative & Accounts Officer
B. Com 9615972764 [email protected]
Smti. U.M. Kharkongor, LDA
BA 8014076642 [email protected]
Shri. Erolflynn Lyngdoh Mawlong, Peon
B. Com 8014452501
Smt. Evelyn Nongbri, Multi – Tasking Assistant
BBA 9615811366 [email protected]
Smt. Ibanjanailyne Thawmuit, Multi – Tasking Assistant
B. Com 9615681092 [email protected]
Paulmiwell Lyngdoh, Driver
Class - VIII 9615103532
71
