A Reliable Transmission Protocol for Zigbee-based Wireless Patient Monitoring---ieee--2012

7/27/2019 A Reliable Transmission Protocol for Zigbee-based Wireless Patient Monitoring---ieee--2012

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A RELIABLE TRANSMISSION PROTOCOL FOR ZIGBEE-BASED WIRELESS PATIENT MONITORING---IEEE--2012

ABSTRACT

Patient monitoring systems are gaining their importance as the fast-growing global elderly

population increases demands for caretaking. These systems use wireless technologies to

transmit vital signs for medical evaluation. In a multihop ZigBee network, the existing systems

usually use broadcast or multicast schemes to increase the reliability of signals transmission;

however, both the schemes lead to significantly higher network traffic and end-to-end

transmission delay. In this paper, we present a reliable transmission protocol based on anycastrouting for wireless patient monitoring. Our scheme automatically selects the closest data

receiver in an anycast group as a destination to reduce the transmission latency as well as the

control overhead. The new protocol also shortens the latency of path recovery by initiating route

recovery from the intermediate routers of the original path. On the basis of a reliable

transmission scheme, we implement a ZigBee device for fall monitoring, which integrates fall

detection, indoor positioning, and ECG monitoring. When the triaxial accelerometer of the

device detects a fall, the current position of the patient is transmitted to an emergency center

through a ZigBee network. In order to clarify the situation of the fallen patient, 4-s ECG signals

are also transmitted. Our transmission scheme ensures the successful transmission of these

critical messages. The experimental results show that our scheme is fast and reliable. We also

demonstrate that our devices can seamlessly integrate with the next generation technology of

wireless wide area network, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, to achieve real-

time patient monitoring.

PURPOSE: The system is composed of data acquisition, fall detection and database

for analysis. Tri-axial accelerometer is used for human position movement tracking and fall

detection. The system is capable of monitoring patients in real time and on the basis of results

another important parameters of patient can be deducted: the quality of therapy, the time spent on

different activities, the joint movement, etc .









manner is crucial for providing adequate medical response and care. Present fall detection

systems can be categorized under one of the following groups:

• User activated alarm systems (wireless tags),

• Floor vibration-based fall detection,

• Wearable sensors (contact sensors and switches, sensors for heart rate and temperature,

Accelerometers, gyroscopes),

• Acoustic fall detection,

• Visual fall detection.

The most common method for fall detection is using a tri-axial accelerometers or bi-axial

gyroscopes. Accelerometer is a device for measuring acceleration, but is also used to detect free

fall and shock, movement, speed and vibration. Using the threshold algorithms while measuring

changes in acceleration in each direction, it is possible do detect falls with very high accuracy.

Using two or more tri-axial accelerometers and combining them with gyroscopes at different

body locations it is possible to recognize several kinds of postures (sitting, standing, etc.) and

movements, thereby detecting falls with much better accuracy. An easy and simple method to

detect fall detection of patients is using accelerometer together with Zigbee transceiver to

communicate with Monitoring System through wireless network, and in this paper a system for

monitoring and fall detection of patients using mobile MEMS accelerometers will be presented.

TECHNOLOGY: ZIGBEE:

Zigbee is new wireless technology guided by IEEE 802.15.4 Personal Area Network

standard. It is primarily designed for the wide range controlling applications and to replace the

existing non-standard technologies. It currently operates in 868 MHz band at a data rate of

20Kbps in Europe, 914MHz band at 40kbps in USA, and the 2.4GHz ISM bands Worldwide at a

maximum data-rate of 250kbps. It is used to verify whether user’s truncation is possible or not.

One of the main advantages of this ZIGBEE communication is that it provides a noise free

communication, the amount of noise added in this type of communication is very less compared

to the other wireless communications.





MEMS:

Microelectronic integrated circuits can be thought of as the "brains" of a system andMEMS augments this decision-making capability with "eyes" and "arms", to allow

Microsystems to sense and control the environment. Sensors gather information from the

environment through measuring mechanical, thermal, biological, chemical, optical, and magnetic

phenomena. The electronics then process the information derived from the sensors and through

some decision making capability direct the actuators to respond by moving, positioning,

regulating, pumping, and filtering, thereby controlling the environment for some desired

outcome or purpose. Because MEMS devices are manufactured using batch fabrication

techniques similar to those used for integrated circuits, unprecedented levels of functionality,

reliability, and sophistication can be placed on a small silicon chip at a relatively low cost.

HARDWARE:

1. Micro Controllers

2. Accelerometer

3. Zigbee

4. Power supply

SOFTWARES:

1. Embedded C

2. Keil µvision

3. Flash magic

4. Express PCB

RESULT:

Hence, Experiment shows the system for monitoring and fall detection of patients using

3-axial accelerometer together with Zigbee transceiver to detect fall of patients. The system is

composed of data acquisition, fall detection.

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A Reliable Transmission Protocol for Zigbee-based Wireless Patient Monitoring---ieee--2012