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A push or pull exerted by one object on another, causing a change in motion
A force that opposes the motion of an object
How fast an object’s position changes with time
Force –
Friction –
Speed –
The tendency of a moving object to keep moving in a straight line or of any object to resist a change in motion
An object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon by an outside force
An object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an outside force
Inertia –
the speed and direction of a moving object.
a change in an object’s velocity over time
Velocity –
Acceleration –
Forces that cancel each other out when acting together on a single object; no acceleration takes place
Forces that do not cancel each other out when acting together on a single object
Balanced Forces –
Unbalanced Forces –
the force one object applies to an object.
the force which an object responds to an action.
Action –
Reaction –
the force of attraction between any two objects due to their mass
the force that gravity exerts on an object
More on Gravity
Gravity –
Weight –
mass – A measure of the amount of matter in an object. The mass of an
object is related to the force required to accelerate it.
unbalanced forces – when forces don’t cancel each other out, there is movement. This is a
result of unbalanced forces.
Click on the picture for some information about unbalanced forces.
Click on the picture for some information about kinds of forces.
momentum – momentum measures how difficult it will be to stop an object
Click on the picture for some information about momentum.
conduction – thermal energy flows between objects as their particles vibrate; in conduction, this happens when two object touch each other.
convection – thermal energy is transferred by the movement of matter; this happens in gasses and liquids; in convection WARM MATTER RISES AND COOLER MATTER SINKS; this makes gas and liquid flow in a pattern
radiation – heat is transferred through electromagnetic rays; matter is not needed at all to transfer energy; radiation travels through space
electromagnetic waves – wave that you can’t see that carry energy from one place to another
thermal energy -comes from the motion of tiny particles in matter. The faster the particles move, the warmer the matter can get.
convection cell – a place where cold air or liquid sinks, and warm air or liquid rises; this creates wind in the atmosphere, and currents in the ocean or other waters
transfer – “trans” means “across.” To move something – heat moves or is “transferred” to a place where the temperatures are cooler
temperature – the measure of the amount of energy in matter
thermometer - the scientific tool used to measure temperature, or the amount of heat in matter
heat – a measurement of the total energy in a substance. That total energy is made up of not only of the kinetic energies of the molecules of the substance, but total energy is also made up of the potential energies of the molecules.
biome – the land on Earth is divided into six major large ecosystems
called “biomes”
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grassland – a biome in which grasses are the main plant life
Click the pictures to explore grassland links!
taiga – a cool, mostly coniferous (evergreen) forest
Click the pictures to explore taiga links!
tundra – the cold biome of the far north. It has permanently frozen
soil, so it can’t support large plants.
Click the pictures to explore tundra links!
desert – a sandy or rocky biome with little precipitation or plant life
Click the pictures to explore desert links!
deciduous forest – the forest biome in which many trees lose their
leaves each year
Click the pictures to explore deciduous forest links!
tropical rain forest – hot, humid forests with much rainfall
Click the pictures to explore tropical rain forest links!
ecosystem – all the living and non-living things in an area
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abiotic factor – the non-living parts of an ecosystem
water
air
soil
light
temperature
minerals
biotic factor – the living parts of an ecosystem
animals
protistsfungi
plants
bacteria
population – all the organisms of the same species living in an area
community – all the populations living in an area
ecology – the study of how all things in an ecosystem interact
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habitat – the place where an organism lives
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niche – the role of an organism in its community
What does the species eat?
What eats the species?
What environment does the species need?
Is the species active by night or by day?
NO TWO SPECIES CAN FILL THE SAME NICHE!
producer – an organism that produces oxygen and food like plants and algae
consumer – animals are consumers. They eat algae, plants, or other animals.
decomposer – organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and worms that break down dead plants and
animals into useful things like minerals that enrich the soil.
food chain - a group of living things that form a chain in which the first living thing is eaten by the second, the second is eaten by the
third, and so on
food web – n. a group of food chains in an ecosystem that are connected
herbivore – n. an animal that eats only plants
carnivore – n. an animal that eats only the flesh of other animals
omnivores – n. plural of omnivore; an animal that eats both animal flesh and plants
predators – n. plural of predator: an animal that hunts and kills others animals for food
prey – animals that are hunted for food.
scavenger – n. an animal that feeds on other animals
symbiosis – a relationship between two living things that lasts over a period of time
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mutualism – when a relationship between two kinds of organisms benefits both of them
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parasitism – when an organism lives on or in another organism and may harm that organism.
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commensalism – when an organism benefits from another organism without harming or
helping it.
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matter- anything that has mass and takes up space
volume- the amount of spacematter takes up
volume- the amount of space matter takes up
You can calculate volume by multiplying the length of an object times its width times its height.
volume- the amount of space matter takes up
You can also calculate volume by water displacement:
If the water in the graduated cylinderstarts at 200 mL, and goes up to 300mL when you add a coin, you can tell the coin’s volume must be????
property- characteristics; words we use to describe something/matter
weight- the measure of the force of gravity between an object and the Earth.
Click the picture for a cool tutorial on mass vs. weight.
Click the box below to calculate your weight on other planets.
graduated cylinder - a tall, thin container used to measure the volume of liquids.
density – a way of describing matter in which you tell how massive something is for its size
http://www.edinformatics.com/math_science/density.htm
density – a way of describing matter in which you tell how massive something is for its size
density – a way of describing matter in which you tell how massive something is for its size
Click the picture below to watch a video of an experiment that brings everything together – air pressure, density, and volume.
How Dense Are Solids, Liquids, and Gases?
What does density have to do with sinking andfloating?
Click the picture below to do an online lab and test objects to see if they will float.
An object will float if it is less dense than the liquid in which it is placed.
buoyancy – an object’s ability to float
Click the picture below to watch a video on buoyancy.
conduct/conductor- to conduct meansto allow energy to flow through/a conductoris a material that allows energy to floweasily.
insulate/insulator – to insulate is toprevent energy from moving freely/an insulator is a material that preventsenergy from flowing freely
Some insulators:rubberplasticwoodcloth
physical change- a change that doesn’t really change the matter in an object
physical change- a change that doesn’t really change the matter in an object
chemical change – a change that results in the formation of new chemical substances
limiting factor – anything that controls the growth or survival of a population
predators
camouflage food sources
predators
carrying capacity – the maximum population size that the resources in an area can support
endangered species – a species that is in danger of becoming extinct
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extinct – a species that has died out completely
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threatened species – a species that may become endangered
cold front – cold air moves in under a warm air mass. Cold fronts often bring brief, heavy storms. There
may be thunderstorms and strong winds. After the storm, the weather is usually cooler and drier.
cold front – cold air moves in under a warm air mass. Cold fronts often bring brief, heavy storms. There
may be thunderstorms and strong winds. After the storm, the weather is usually cooler and drier.
warm front – warm air moves in over a cold air mass. Warm fronts often bring light, steady rain of snow. The precipitation may last for days. Winds are usually light.
Warm front may also bring fog – stratus clouds that form near the ground. Afterward the weather is usually
warmer and more humid.
warm front – warm air moves in over a cold air mass. Warm fronts often bring light, steady rain of snow. The precipitation may last for days. Winds are usually light.
Warm front may also bring fog – stratus clouds that form near the ground. Afterward the weather is usually
warmer and more humid.
warm front – warm air moves in over a cold air mass. Warm fronts often bring light, steady rain of snow. The precipitation may last for days. Winds are usually light.
Warm front may also bring fog – stratus clouds that form near the ground. Afterward the weather is usually
warmer and more humid.
warm fronts vs. cold fronts
thunderstorm – the most common type of storm
thunderstorm – the most common type of storm
tornado – a violent whirling wind that moves across the ground in a narrow path
tornado – a violent whirling wind that moves across the ground in a narrow path
hurricane – a very large swirling storm with very low pressure at the center
hurricane – a very large swirling storm with very low pressure at the center
hurricane – a very large swirling storm with very low pressure at the center
storm surge – a great rise of the sea along a shore
storm surge – a great rise of the sea along a shore
