Upload
nishant-sarraf
View
218
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
g+5
Citation preview
A PROJECT ON
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING WORKING BY
BRAJESH NARVARIYA ANU MARU CHINTAMANI GUPTA SARABJEET SINGH BAGGA SHREYA GAUR PRAVEEN SANER
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OFDr. SAVITA MARU
Professor DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGG.
UJJAIN ENGINEERING COLLEGE UJJAIN (M.P.)
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
PRINCIPLES OF PLANNINGSTRUCTURAL PLANNING AND DESIGNINGSLABSBEAMSCOLUMNSFOUNDATION
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE OF PLANNING
To arrange all the units of a building on all floors and at level
according to their functional requirements making best use of
the space available for a building.
The shape of such a plan is governed by several factors such
as climatic conditions, site location, accommodation
requirements, local by-laws, surrounding environment, etc.
Factors to be considered in planning.
(01) Aspect (02)Prospect
(03) Privacy (04)Grouping
(05) Roominess (06)Furniture Requirement
(07) Sanitation (08)Flexibility
(09) Circulation (10)Elegance
(11) Economy (12)Practical Considerations
Aspect: - ‘Aspect’ means peculiarity of the
arrangement of doors and windows in the
external walls of a building which allows
the occupants to enjoy the natural gifts
such as sunshine, breeze, scenery, etc.
Prospect: - ‘Prospect’ in its proper sense, is
the impression that house is likely to make on
person who looks at it from out-side.
Privacy: - Privacy requires consideration in
two ways:
Privacy of one room from another.
Privacy of all parts of a building from the
neighbouring buildings, public streets and by-
ways.
Grouping: - Grouping means the disposition of various rooms in
the layout in a typical fashion so that all the rooms are placed in
proper correlating of their functions and in proximity with each
other.
Roominess: - ‘Roominess’ refers to the effect produced by
deriving the maximum benefit from the minimum dimensions of a
room.
Furniture Requirements: - The functional requirement of a room or an apartment governs the furniture requirements so that the doors, windows and circulation space do not prevent from placing of sufficient number of pieces.
Sanitation: - Sanitation consists of providing ample light, ventilation, facilities for cleaning and sanitary conveniences.
Circulation: - Circulation means internal movement space
provided on the same floor either between the rooms or with in
the room called horizontal circulation and between the different
floors through stairs or lifts called vertical circulation.
Flexibility: - Flexibility means planning a room or rooms
in such a way, which thought expanded for the future
requirement.
Elegance: - Elegance is the effect produce by the elevation and general layout of the plan.
Economy: - The economy may not be a principle of planning but it is certainly a factor, which effects planning. Economy should not have any evil effect on the utilities and safety of the structure.
STRUCTURAL PLANNINGStructural planning is first stage in any structural design. It involves the determination of appropriate form of structure, material to be used, the structural system, the layout of its components and the method of analysis.
Structural planning of R.C.C. framed building involves determination of:
COLUMN POSITIONS Positioning of columns Orientation of columnsBEAM LOCATIONSSPANNING OF SLABSTYPE OF FOOTING
STRUCTURAL DESIGNING
Structural design for framed R.C.C structure can be done by three methods:
Working Stress Method.Ultimate Strength Method.Limit State Method.
LIMIT STATE METHOD
In limit state method the working load is multiplied by partial
factor of safety. And also the ultimate strength of material is
divided by the partial safety. Partial safety factor is introduced
to reduce the probability of failure to about zero.
LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEABILITY: It relates to performance or behavior of structure at working loads and is based on causes affecting serviceability of the structure. This limit state is concerned with cracking and deflection of the structure.
Limit state can be broadly classified into two main categories.
LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE: It is the limit state on attainment of which the structure is likely to collapse. It relates to stability and strength of the structure.
Slab are plain structural members forming floors and roofs of building whose thickness is quite small compared to their other dimensions. A staircase is considered to be an inclined slab.
The thickness of the reinforced concrete slabs ranges from 100 mm to 300 mm slabs are designed just like beams keeping the breadth of slab as unity .
S L A B S
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
A doubly reinforced beam is that in which reinforcement is
provided both for tension as well as compression face.
Beams may be singly reinforced or doubly reinforced.
A beam subjected to shear force and bending moment experience diagonal tension. The resultants of these stresses produce diagonal tension, which may develop crack in the beam.To take care of this resultant diagonal tension shear reinforcement is provided in two forms.
1. Cranked bars
2. Stirrups-Vertical-Inclined.
SHEAR
Following are some of the guidelines principles for positioning of columns.
Column should be preferably located at or near the corner of the building and at intersection of the walls.
When center to center distance between the intersection of the walls is large or where there are no cross walls, the spacing between two column is governed by limitations on spans of supported beams.
COLUMN POSITIONS
Effective Length
The effective length of a column is defined as the length between the points of contra flexure of the buckled column.
A column may be classified as follows based on the type of loading.Axially loaded column.A column subjected to axial load and uni-axial bending.A column subjected axial loads and bi-axial bending.
Axially Loaded ColumnsAll compression members are to be designed for a minimum eccentricity of load into principal directions. Therefore, every column should be designed for an eccentricity.
Axial Load and Uniaxial Bending
A member subjected to axial force and uniaxial bending shall be designed on the basis of sp16.
The maximum compressive strain in concrete in axial compression is taken as .002
The maximum compressive strain in concrete at the highly compressed extreme fiber in concrete subjected to axial compression and when there is no tension on the section shall be 0.0035 minus 0.75 times the strain at the least compressed extreme fiber.
Design charts for combined axial compression and bending are given in the form of interaction diagrams in which curves for Pu /fck bD Vs Mu /fck b D2 are plotted for different values of p/ fck where P is the reinforcement percentage.
Footing is that portion of foundation which ultimately delivers the load to the soil, and is thus in contact with it. The object of providing the load to the soil in such a way that the maximum pressure on the soil does not exceed its permissible bearing value , and at the same time the settlement is within the permissible limits.
The foundation type is classified on the basis of depthShallow (D<B) 1. Isolated (Spread) Footing 2.Combined (Strip) Footing 3.Mat (Raft) FoundationDeep (D>B) 1.Pile Cap 2. Driller Pier
ConclusionThe design of R.C.C. structured building
was attempted by Limit State Theory.Kani’s Method was adopted for calculating
the moments.Slabs were designed as two way & one way
slabs, by the method providing by IS 456-2000. It is evident that load in a residential building reinforcement as per IS 456-2000.
Beam were designed individual as continues beams & reinforcement was provided for positive as well as for negative moments.
Short column of uniform sizes were provided with minimum reinforcement cement as they were safe.
Isolated footings were provided, of maximum size 1900 x 1750 mm2, as bearing capacity of soil is 127 KN/m2.
FUTURE SCOPE:The structural analysis can be performed by
different methods and also software & results can be compared.