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A process for designing site specific feed plans. Ben Lukuyu , Emmanuel Kinuthia and Alan Duncan [EADD- ILRI] 2012. EADD Feed Plans Training W orkshop, Eldoret , Kenya, 27-28 June 2012. A quote for the workshop ‘Successful feed interventions are all about context’. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A process for designing site specific feed plans
EADD Feed Plans Training Workshop, Eldoret, Kenya, 27-28 June 2012
Ben Lukuyu, Emmanuel Kinuthia and Alan Duncan [EADD- ILRI] 2012
A quote for the workshop
‘Successful feed interventions are all about context’
outline
• Stage 1: EADD concept of DFBA Feed Plans and the tools used
• Stage 2: Training on feed plans tools (FEAST questionnaire and excel template
• Stage 3: Implementation of feed plans through dairy hubs to solve problems• Engaging DFBAs to scaling up interventions• Building capacity of ‘best bet’ technologies• Introducing commercialization of interventions for
sustainability
Objectives of the workshop
• Train participant on how to develop feed plans
• Train participants on the tools used • the FEAST tool • The TechFit tool
What FEAST and TechFit tools can do?
• FEAST -Quickly diagnoses key livestock feeding issues using PRA and helps collect very light data
• Helps to structure thinking and allows dialogue with stakeholders on what the key feeding issues are and how they fit into the broader context
• Techfit tool will help get more specific and more analytical information on which feed technologies might work in a particular context.
Feed plans – development process
Diagnosis stage
• Objectives• Conduct a rapid appraisals using the FEAST tool
to identify potential constraints and opportunities• Identify potential ‘best fit’ technology packages
to solve feed problems• To screen and prioritise possible feed
interventions using the ‘TechFit’ tool• Engage the dairy farmer business associations
(DFBAs) and sensitize them about the importance of a feed plan
Developing feed plans (interventions) with stakeholders (1)
• Catalyze formation of a broad coalition of actors (stakeholder platform) to share and discuss PRA findings with emphasis on solving identified problem. • What are the potential solutions?• What needs to be done to solve the
problems ( A list of activities)• What resources are needed for
each activity and who provides• Who does it? Who is in charge (at
all levels, EADD/cluster, hub level) and by when?
• How will progress be monitored? • What will be monitored and by
whom
An example of a constraint/opportunity analysis matrix
Constraint Potential solutions
Activities to solve the problem
Resources needed
Who provides
Who does the task
When What to monitor
Constraint 1
Constraint 2
Constraint 3
Possible feed interventions could be from multiple angles (technical, institutional, social and economic) in various contents
Developing feed plans (interventions) with stakeholders (2)
• Each hub should produce an activity chart summarizing all activity against calendar months
• Feed plan for the entire year or next 12 months).
Activity Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Act Nov DecActivity 1
Activity 2
Activity 3
Implementation of feed plans through dairy hubs (1)
• Screen, prioritise possible feed interventions using the TechFit tool • Takes into account a broad view of contextual factors:
productivity, economic, social, labour, gender• Select 2-3 potential ‘best bets’
• Engage DFBAs to scaling up interventions• How best do we engage DFBAs to own/ internalize
development and use of feed plans?• Include feed plans in the strategic plans and annual
operation plan and budget for DFBAs• Build the capacity of the dairy hub’s management and
extension providers to develop, revise and implement the feed plans
Implementation of feed plans through dairy hubs (2)
• Building capacity of ‘best bet’ technologies• Conduct farmer trainings to promote selected
interventions and to stimulate demand amongst farmers. Useful to inbuilt in activity calendars.
• Assemble relevant technical information and back up through making linkages with other actors
Implementation of feed plans through dairy hubs (2)
• Introducing commercialization of interventions for sustainability• Where applicable develop business models for selected
interventions• Promote potential local commercial feed producers• Engage business development providers (BDS) to provide
technical assistance to the dairy hub/farmers and feed producers• Facilitate signing forward feed supply contracts with dairy
hubs.• Facilitate farmer linkages to check-off services for farm
inputs.
Summary of the process
•STEP THREE•Catalyze a platform for feed agenda
•Share and discuss PRA finding identify constraints and potential feed options and how to solve them
•STEP FOUR•Implementation of feed plans with DFBAs
•STEP TWO
•Hub level PRAs using FEAST tool
•Generate hub reports
•STEP ONE•Interest DFBA management to develop feed plans
Engage DFBAs Rapid appraisal by use of FEAST
Stakeholder workshops Develop hub feed
gaps together with DFBAs
Monitoring the uptake of these strategies through DFBAs & Stakeholder platforms
Step 3: Building capacity and commercialization of interventions for
sustainability
Improve livelihood of smallholder farmers by improving milk productivity in Uganda, Kenya and Rwanda through better producing, better utilization and better access to high quality feeds
Reduction in seasonal feed fluctuation
‘Best fit’ technologies
identified and analyzed
Increase in number of
farmers trained on
feeds
1.Through partners conduct farmer trainings to promote selected interventions and to stimulate demand amongst farmers.
2.Build the capacity of the dairy hub’s management and extension providers to develop, revise and implement the feed plans.
3.Develop a commercially sustainable model for each potential intervention where applicable
4.Engage business development providers (BDS) to provide technical assistance to the dairy hub and feed producers
5.Facilitate signing forward feed supply contracts with dairy hubs.
6.Facilitate farmer linkages to check-off services for farm inputs.
Constraints and opportunities
identified
Improved feed quantity and quality
Increased and sustained milk yields/improved reproduction
Step 1: Diagnosis
1.Engage the dairy farmer business associations (DFBAs) and sensitize them about the importance of a feed plan
2.Conduct a rapid appraisal using the FEAST tool to identify potential constraints and opportunities
3.Identify potential ‘best fit’ technology packages using the ‘TechFit tool’
4.Conduct a cost benefit analysis of the top 2-4 ‘best fits’ , select the 2 most viable ones for piloting/up scaling.
Proc
ess
Objectives
Goal
Outp
uts
Goal
Increase in number of
farmer growing legumes
Increase in farmers growing
improved fodder & pasture
Improved access to BDS services
Step 2: Implementation and scaling up interventions through dairy hubs
1.Develop a short (1 year) feed plan involving selected interventions for each dairy hub .
2.Develop a commercially sustainable model for each intervention
3.Develop a feed plan training manual and training curriculum
4.Together with DFBAs identify and recruit strategic stakeholders , including potential feed producers in each dairy catchment to help implement the feed plan
5.Hold workshops of selected stakeholders in each dairy hub to promote models for selected interventions, solicit stakeholder support and jointly develop implementation workplans .
Increase in number of dairy hub feed BDS
Increase in amount and
types of feeds sold
by the dairy hub
Increase in number of baled grass producers
A dairy hub feed plan
FEAST
The problem
Feed assessment
• Conventionally focuses on:• The feeds• Their nutritive value• Ways of improving nutritive value
• FEAST broadens assessment:• Is livestock an important livelihood strategy? • How important are feed problems relative to other problems?• What about labour, input availability, credit, seasonality,
markets for products etc.?
How does FEAST work?• Overview of farming system and
livestock feed aspect• Milk marketing, veterinary services• Major problems for livestock
production
1. PRA Exercise
• Quantitative information on crop-livestock production, feed availability, feeding rations
• Qualitative information - perception on feed quality
2. Individual farmer survey
• Enter data in FEAST template• Based on result develop ideas for
intervention
3. Data analysis and developing interventions
PRA – at this point view the questionnaire
• General description of farming system• range of farm sizes,• farm labour availability• annual rainfall pattern• irrigation availability• types of animals raised by households.
• General description of livestock production• the types of animals raised (% of households raising these
animals and average herd/flock sizes)• the purpose of raising these animals (e.g. draught, income,
fattening, calf production)• the general animal husbandry (including; management,
veterinary services and reproduction). • Ease of access to credit• How available are necessary inputs – plastic, urea, concentrates
etc• Problem identification and potential solutions
Quantitative questionnaire
• Animals – livestock inventory• Crops - yields and areas to derive crop residue availability• Cultivated forages – yields and areas• Collected fodder: proportion of diet• Purchased feed • Grazing: proportion of diet• Contributors to household income• Production.
• Milk production • Sale of livestock
• Seasonality. • Feed supply: overall seasonal availability• What is fed in different months?
Excel Template
• Explain data entry into a excel template
• In the following slides you will see how it looks like and samples outputs
Sample output
32%
22%
20%
14%
6%
6%
Contribution of livelihood activities to household income (as a percentage)
Agriculture
Livestock
Remmitance
Labour
Others
Business
More sample output
Crop residues5%
Cultivated fodder
25%
Grazing30%
Naturally occurring and
collected33%
Purchased7%
DM content of total diet
Final FEAST outputs
• Feast report with some ideas for key problems and solutions
• Better links and understanding between farmers, research and development staff
Group work (at least 3 hours)
• Divide the group in groups as appropriate (depending on number of computers available
• Train on the FEAST excel template – let the groups enter actual data from questionnaires collected from the field
• Review outputs from groups in a plenary
Reflection
• Discuss follow up actions of engaging DFBA to collect data from their hubs.
Let us make the implementation of Feed plans in Uganda a reality
• Colleagues…..I appeal to you