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A Presentation by
Geophysical Insights, “From Insight To Foresight”, and Paradise are registered trademarks of Geophysical Research, LLC. All rights reserved. 2015.
Sub-seismic Resolution in
the Eagle Ford Enabled by
Multi-attribute Analysis in
Paradise:
Instantaneous, Geometric,
and Spectral Decomposition
Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs)
Patricia Santogrossi
Sr. Geoscience Consultant
SEG Convention, New Orleans
Multi-Attribute Analysis lives hereTM
18-21 October2015
Seismic data owned and provided courtesy of Seitel, Inc.
Introduction: Overview of project and Paradise
Part 1 Stratigraphic SOM results
Part 2 Classifications at wells
Part 3 Geometric SOM Results
Spectral Decomposition SOM Results
Outline
2
• Combines multiple attributes on 2D as well as 3D data
o Quickly –
a 2D line in a twinkling
10 sq. miles w/ 40 attributes in minutes
50 squares with 60-70 attributes in under an hour.
• Software automatically documents analysis details, results. Reports planned.
• Normalized by standard deviation, results eliminate tuning, velocity concerns.
• Characterizations can be delimited by horizons; guided by key line(s)
What Paradise Can Do That Other Software Cannot
3
• Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -
Identify and quantify the key
attributes in the suite/seismic volumes
• Self Organizing Maps (SOMs) -
Classify data in clusters that
- show geologic features/anomalies
- enable specific calibration
• Interactive 2D ColorMaps that can -
- use transparency to focus
We use
What Paradise Can Do That Other Software Cannot cont’d
Eigenvalue Profile by Inline
Eigenspectrum
4
• Nearly 216 sq mi of merged 3D seismic data
• PSTM volume from 0-5.0s at 2ms sample interval
• Enhanced volume (SPEN)
• 4 Mapped Horizons - Austin Chalk, Upper EF, Top EF Shale, Buda
• Over 300 wells
• 10+ pilot holes with tops, logs, deviations, T/ D corrections
• 274 horizontal wells with “attributes”*
• Type logs for 23 wells
Eagle Ford Project Basis
5
• Upper EF can be readily distinguished and multiple character variations are observed
• Ash beds (top EF Sh) may be mapped and separated from potential reservoir facies
• Basal clay rich facies can be mapped and separated from Buda and from Eagle Ford shale target
• Eagle Ford reservoir interval, previously characterized as “Low Resistivity”, “High Resistivity” or “Mixed”
- can be separated into four or more non-layer cake zones
- includes an unrecognized, underdeveloped (?) sweet spot
- No problem seeing faults
• Spectral Decomp works best in the Austin Chalk and Buda….
Conclusions to Date
8
PARADISE PRELIMINARY STRATIGRAPHIC RESULTS (5)
SEG OCTOBER 2015
7
Attributes for PCA (16) Key Attributes for SOMs (10)
Instantaneous Attributes SOM Recipe from 3 Eigenvectors
• Acceleration of Phase
• Band Width
• Dominant Frequency
• Envelope Modulated Phase
• Envelope Second Derivative
• Envelope Time Derivative
• Imaginary Part
• Instantaneous Frequency
• Inst. Freq. Envelope Weighted
• Instantaneous Phase
• Instantaneous Q
• Normalized Amplitude
• Real part
• Relative Acoustic Impedance
• Thin Bed Indicator
• Trace Envelope
8
Instantaneous SOMs
SOM1 1.5s 3.2s 8x8
SOM2 -100ms +10ms 8x8
SOM3 -100ms +10ms 5x5
Original Result : Instantaneous SOM1– Default colors
Eagle Ford
BUDA
Inline 19
1.5s
3.2s
1,2,9
49
57
58
59
60
Instantaneous SOM1 Original Result with “Tweaked” colors
Inline 110
1.5s
3.2s
1,2,9
49 Ash?
57 Low Res
58
52 High Res
59
60 Pepper Sh
Instantaneous SOM1 Original Result Resolves Facies Bands
Inline 1
11
EF
BUDA
Animate…
Eagle Ford and Other Very Similar Objectives on Inline 2
This feature:3.7 mi W-E by
2.2 mi N-S = > 8 sq mi (5209 ac),
may be up to 75’ thick.
Filled scours cut into the top Georgetown
A natural cluster is a stack of all geobodies with similar attribute properties. - T. Smith, July 201512
Delimited by Buda Horizon:
SOM 2 (2)
Instantaneous SOMs
SOM1 1.5s 3.2s 8x8
SOM2 -100ms +10ms 8x8
SOM3 -100ms +10ms 5x5
13
3 Sectors
Patterns Show Changes in
Neuron Textures and Faults in
Downdip Area
Strat Complexity on Inline 3
Green1,2,3 (4),9
53/54,(60r,57/58,60r),59rt
Green 9,10,11
High Med LowInst. Frequency
Green 1,2,9,11
[
14
59rt(60r, 57/58, 60r)
53/54
• Interval shown
in previous slide
“extracted” by
three neurons
• Poorly sampled
in key wells with
logs. Missed
sweet spot?
Instantaneous SOM 2 ‘High Res” Extracted Geobody
6
5
8
9
10
11V
15A geobody is a 3D geologic feature in seismic reflection data. - T. Smith, July 2015
60r,57/58,60r
CLASSIFICATION ON HORIZON (3)
16
SOM 1 Neuron 52* in EF SOM 2 Neuron 60** in EF
Comparison of Detail In Classification SOM1 vs SOM2
NW SW NW SW
P/K P/K
6 6
* **
17
ARB Line • Character changes in the Upper EF• Variations in thickness of Top EF Ash• Singles out basal clay shale
Offset .016ms below Top EF Shale
SOM 2 Classification on Eagle Ford Top
Offset .012ms below Top EF Shale
6
8
6
8
18
SOM 2 Classification Volume - “High Res” Extraction
Note: Eagle Ford top is now positioned below the extraction for contrast, not context.
6
8
9H
10
11V
19
SOM 3 – New Topology (2)
Instantaneous SOMs
SOM1 1.5s 3.2s 8x8
SOM2 -100ms +10ms 8x8
SOM3 -100ms +10ms 5x5
20
Delimited by Buda Horizon:
5x5 Topology 110 ms Eagle Ford Only
Instantaneous SOM3 Result – Facies bands?
Inline 3
UpdipUpdip
DowndipDowndip
21
Updip vs Downdip
Changes in Neuron Textures by Area
1 u, l
5 Ash?
10 Low Res
22 High Res
17 P sh
21 m, l
*[EF
EF
BUBU
Buda
U EF
Inline 3
22
1
5 Ash?
10 Low Res
9
15
20
15
22 High Res
17 Cl sh
21 m, l *Note new neurons downdip
PARADISE WELL RESULTS (9)
OCTOBER 2015
23
Well 6 TIME
Well 6 DEPTH
BUDA
EF Sh
EF Sh
BUDA
24
• EF Shale
Objective
14ms or
108’
• EF
Formation
28 ms or
260’
• EF
“influence”
42 ms or
~350’
Resolution on the Eagle FordSeismic data owned and provided
courtesy of Seitel, Inc.
How could predict presence and location of ‘Hi res” vs “Lo Res” pay?
8
6
8
9 10
11v
Index to Wells
Instantaneous SOM2
25
2
1
6
7
9
11v
10
4
3 5
Instantaneous SOM2 at Wells 2V and 1V – “Red Zone”NW SENW SE
229.2 MBOE
246 MBOE
26
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
On BUDA Horizon
AC
Inline
1
2
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
AC
Inline
MSD 2D
Instantaneous SOM2 - Wells 3V & 4V, 5V – “Gold Overlay”
Note: Upper EF variationsEF Shale Reservoir Mix is lateral
396.3 MBOE
325.4 MBOE
P
NW SE NW SE
27
Basal Clay-rich Sh -AC
Inline
Inline
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
Note: EFSh red lapoutRust center downdipAsh bed thickness varies
3
4 5
MSD 2D
353.0 MBOE
325.4 MBOE
Instantaneous SOM2 Wells 6V and 8V - Rust Core
261.9 MBOE
372.3 MBOE
NW SE
28
Inline
NW SE
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
AC
Inline
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
AC
8
6
MSD 2D
Instantaneous SOM2 Fault Resolution
1,083,908 MBOE
29
Basal Clay-rich Sh -
On BUDA Horizon
604,934 MBOE
MSD 2D
With 10% Probability Filter ON With 10% Probability Filter OFF
Instantaneous SOM2 Classification in Time Slice 2.578s
30
Buda Horizon Buda Horizon
8
9
8
910 10
77
MSD 2D
Instantaneous SOM2 Well 11 V
SW NE
31
• New yellow on brown neurons (facies)
Crossline
MSD 2D
Time slice at 2.722s Inline
Situation of Additional Uncalibrated Facies Downdip
32Sandy? Low or High resistivity?
Top Buda
Top EF Sh
Top Upr EF
GEOMETRIC ATTRIBUTES SOM (1)
33
Geometric Classification in High Res Eagle Ford
• This horizon has been
shifted 16ms below the
Top Eagle Ford
• Well 3H’s lateral borehole
encountered six faults, the
most of any in the well set
• Well 2H’s lateral borehole
encountered 2 faults
Well 3 H
Well 2 H
1
4u
11V
56
9
7
8
10
34
*
SOM used 10 attributes from 2 Eigenvectors*
• A useful tool for “below resolution” seismic interpretation, reservoir
thickness estimation, depositional structure enhancement
• Unravels the seismic signal into its constituent frequencies which
allows the user to see phase and amplitude tuned to specific
wavelengths
• Amplitude component quantifies thickness variablility
• Phase component detects lateral discontinuities
Spectral Decomposition SOMs (6)
35
Best results in the Austin Chalk and the Buda!
Fault not otherwise seen… Acquisition or Gridding Footprints
Instantaneous Spectral Decomp SOMs 24.7Hz vs 26.5Hz
36
1
3
1
3
Classification on Austin Chalk horizon
Linear Trace Octave Trace
2
2
Well 3V Well 4V
Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM
51/58 off BudaScour shapes 57/59r
1 / 2 greens off EFOther is 9/17/25/26
BUDA58
51 Upper EF
EF
37
3
4Crossline
Crossline
Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM in Time Slice
2.482s
56
4
• Stacking variations apparent from NE to SW
• Orange/Red & Yellow /Red is Top Buda
• Purple zone is Basal Clay-rich shale
SW NE
38
Well 6V & 6H Well 8V & 8H
Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM
Upper EF off except for new 46, 53, & 61Basal AC carved into it?
39
CrosslineCrossline
6
8
SW NE
Instantaneous Spectral Decomp 24.7Hz SOM in Time Slice
2.290s
3
40
Inline Segment “Influence”
Instantaneous SOM Spectral Decomp 26.5Hz OCT Trace
41
57
4956
4847
Inline 3 Odd Feature
Instantaneous SOM Spectral Decomp 26.5Hz OCT Trace
57
4956
4847
42
Seismic data owned and provided courtesy of Seitel, Inc.
• Upper EF can be readily distinguished and multiple character variations are observed
• Ash beds (top EF Sh) may be mapped and separated from potential reservoir facies
• Basal clay rich facies can be mapped and separated from Buda and from Eagle Ford shale target
• Eagle Ford reservoir interval, previously characterized as “Low Res” or “High Res”
- can be separated into four or more non-layer cake zones
- includes an unrecognized, underdeveloped (?) sweet spot
- No problem seeing faults
• Spectral Decomp works best in the Austin Chalk and Buda….
Conclusions to Date
43
A Presentation by
Geophysical Insights, “From Insight To Foresight”, and Paradise are registered trademarks of Geophysical Research, LLC. All rights reserved. 2015.
PARADISE…
• If you want to Prognose and Calibrate outcomes better,
• If you want to Geosteer better
• I you want to Evaluate your Leasehold with more confidence
Patricia Santogrossi
Sr. Geoscience Consultant
44
Seismic data owned and provided courtesy of Seitel, Inc.
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