Upload
varuntripathi
View
223
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
1/22
A PPT ON
HYDROELECTRICAL
GENERATION
BYVARUN TRIPATHISUMMITED TO- HOD MECH.
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
2/22
Hydroelectrical Power Generation
Traditional Methods of Hydroelectric Generation
Low Head Power Generation
Medium Head Power Generation
High Head Power Generation
Large Dams (Three Gorges, Itaipu)
Environmental Effects of Large Dams
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
3/22
Energy in the News
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
4/22
Breast Shot Wheel
Breast shot wheel:
One type of traditional
Water wheel
Water wheels: sourceOf power for the
Industrial revolution
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
5/22
Overshot Wheel
More efficient that breast shot
Wheel. Some mills using
These wheels still in operation
In rural appalachia in 1950s
Miller: Mrs. Aarendale
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
6/22
Typical Hydroelectrical Station
Outflow water: can be very cold. Why? (Grand Canyon)
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
7/22
Low Head Hydroelectrical Generators
Low head:Propellor type
Turbines
Power =Change in Potential
Energy per Unit tim
= weight*
Vertical drop/time
Energy =
Power*time
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
8/22
Microhydro Installation
Small stream with
Hydroelectrical generator:
Power for one family
(Jim Keener)
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
9/22
Moderate Head Hydro
Head: height difference
Between water level in
Reservoir and water
Level entering turbine
Head= height in potential
Energy equation
Penstock: tube water flows
Through
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
10/22
Francis turbine
Turbine used for moderate
Head hydroelectrical power
statiosn
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
11/22
Water Flow in a Francis Turbine
Left: relative to turbine blades Right: true water path
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
12/22
High Head Hydro
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
13/22
Pelton Water Wheel
Used for high head applications:(above 250 meters)
Are impulse turbines.
Francis and Propeller type turbineAre reaction turbines.
Reaction turbines: run submerged.
Impulse turbines: run in normal air
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
14/22
Jets of Water Hitting Pelton Wheel
Jets of water are directed through a nozzle onto Pelton wheelCups on the wheel transfer kinetic energy from water to wheel.
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
15/22
Optimum Hydroelectric Turbine Type
Optimum water
Wheel: not
Just a function
Of head, also
Depends on
Water flow rate
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
16/22
Hydroelectrical Power Use by State
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
17/22
States Producing Most Hydroelectricity
Why is there
So much
Variation in the
Gallons of water
Per kilowatthour?
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
18/22
Hydropower Output by Nation
Lure ofHydropower
Big Dams
Vs
Rebar
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
19/22
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
20/22
Three Gorges Area of Yangtze River
Under
construction
Three Gorges
Dam in China
Moving 1.2 million
People
Capacity of18,600 MW
Will finish in 2009
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
21/22
Three Gorges Area
Great beauty
Many historic
Sights
Still pressing
Ahead on dam
construction
Gorge length;
~San Francisco
To LA
8/12/2019 A Ppt by Varun Tripathi
22/22
Environmental Problems with Dams
1) Silt buildup fills reservoir (Yangtze; levees)
2) Fish migration disrupted (Columbia)
3)Water temperature decreases (Colorado)
4) Water gets more saline (Colorado)
5) Water loses oxygen (Brazil)6) Water slows down, increases disease
(mosquitos, schitosomiasis (Aswan))
7) Water traps pollution, slows pollution flushing
8) Induced seismicity may occur