A PPT a Head & Neck Anatomy & Phys- Part I,II,& III (9.20- DR NAGARAJU TANNERU

Head and NeckAnatomy & Physiology

Tulsa Technology CenterDental Assisting

Created by Debbie Batson, R.D.H., B.S.

Anatomy & PhysiologyPart I

General TermsLandmarks of the FaceLandmarks of the Oral CavityBone & Cartilage

Terms

ANATOMYStudy of the structure of the human body and

its parts

PHYSIOLOGYStudy of the functions of the human body

systems

Structural Units & Body Systems

THE HUMAN BODY HAS 4 BASIC LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION:CellsTissuesOrgansBody Systems

Body Systems

CELLS

Tissues

Organs

CELLS

Smallest living unit of the body and are composed of a nucleus and cytoplasm.Different types of cells have different functions; for example brain cells have a different function than blood cells.Differentiation: Specialization of cells

CELLS

Cells have shapes that resemble columns, cubes, and spheresCell Membrane: Surrounds the cell body and serves two purposes: Structural & SemipermeableCytoplasm: Gel -like fluid which makes up the major portion of the cell

TISSUES

Groups of specialized cells that join together to perform a particular function

Types of Tissues:

ConnectiveBinds & supports other tissues (tendons,

cartilage, blood, lymph, & bone)

MuscleContract & move body parts ( voluntary &

involuntary)

Types of Tissues

NerveSpecialized to conduct electrochemical

impulses (receives signals and sends messages to & from all body parts)Epithelial

Covers the external portion of the body and lines the internal body cavities

ORGANSCollection of related tissues that perform a definite functionthe individual organ performs a specific function

Human Heart

BODY SYSTEMS

Compromise many organs, are interdependent and function as a team to keep the body healthy and functional

BODY SYSTEMS

Examples:Digestive SystemRespiratory SystemReproductive SystemCirculatory System

Digestive System

It all starts here:

Process of breaking downingested foods into forms that body can use.

The Digestive System

COMPOSED OF THE:Mouth StomachTeeth Small IntestineTongue Large IntestinePharynx LiverEsophagus

Swallowing

Phase IMasticated food (chewed) forms a mass at the dorsum of

the tonguePhase II

Food passes through the pharynx into the beginning of the esophagusPhase III

Food passes down the esophagus into the stomach

Tongue

Pharynx

Esophagus

Nervous System

Causes muscles to contract, stimulates glands to secrete, and regulates other systems of the bodyIt allows sensation to be perceived, such as pain, pressure, and touch

Cardiovascular System

Includes the heart, blood vessels, and bloodIt functions to circulate blood, carry various gases to all areas of the body, and filter and eliminate wastes

ArteriesCarry blood away from the heart

VeinsCarry blood to the heart

Cardiovascular System

The Lymphatic System

Part of the immune systemPlays an important role in the defense of the body against infection and disease

Lymph nodes

Small round or oval structures located in lymph vessels. They fight disease by producing antibodiesIn acute infections, the lymph nodes become swollen and tender as a result of the collection of lymphocytes gathered to destroy the invading substance

Lymph Nodes

3 MAJOR SITES:Cervical Head & Neck areaAxillary Under the armsInguinal Nodes Lower Abdomen

Muscular System

Muscles must expand and contract to make movements possible. Each muscle has a point of origin that is fixed and a point of insertion that is movable.

Muscular System

3 BASIC TYPES OF MUSCLESStriated SkeletalSmooth internal organsCardiac forms wall of the heart

Types of Muscle

StriatedSmoothCardiac

The Skeletal System

Consists of 206 bonesTwo systems – Axial and appendicularAxial consists of the skull, spinal column, ribs and sternumAppendicular consists of the upper extremities, shoulder and pelvic girdle and the lower extremities

Structure of the Bone

PeriosteumCancellous bone

Compact Bone

Layers of bone

PERIOSTEUMIs a specialized connective tissue that covers

all bones of the body

It is attached to the bone by sharpey’s fibers, which penetrate the underlying bone matrix

Two kinds of bone:

COMPACT / CORTICAL

CANCELLOUS

COMPACT / CORTICAL BONE

HardDenseVery StrongOn radiographs it appears whiter, because it is more dense

CANCELLOUS BONE

Known as spongy boneLighter in weightNot as strong as cortical boneFound in the interior of the boneFilled with bone marrowSmall spaces (like swiss cheese)

LAYERS OF BONE

PERIOSTEUM

COMPACT BONE

CANCELLOUS BONE

CARTILAGE

ToughMore ELASTIC than boneForms some structures such as the end of the noseCovers joint surfaces

Landmarks of the Face

Inner

Canthus

of the

eye

Outer

Canthus

of the

eye


Ala Philtrum


Tragus of the ear


Vermillion Border

Commissure

Sinus

Frontal Sinus

Sphenoid Sinus

Nasal Concha

Pharyngeal tonsil

Soft palateUvula

Hard palate

Palatine Tonsil

Tonsils and the palates of the oral cavity

Oral Cavity

Maxilla

Mandible

Tongue

Labial Frenum

Hard Palate

Soft PalateUvulaPalatine Tonsil

Gingiva

Rugae

Retromolar Area

Oral Cavity

See Web page below –Head & Neck

http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/

End PART I


Click on the Button to the right of her head – this will open the hyperlink to the Web Page – Anatomy Lesson – Head & Neck

HEAD AND NECK ANATOMY

Bones of the Cranium & FaceSalivary GlandsPapillae of the Tongue

PART II

BONES OF THE CRANIUM

Protect the Brain

Frontal

Parietal

Occipital

Temporal

Sphenoid

Ethmoid


Frank

Picks

Out

The

Smallest

Earthworm


FrontalForms part of the:1.floor of the cranium2.Forehead3.Most of the roof of the orbits

FRONTAL BONE


PARIETALForms most of the roof and upper sides of the

craniumTwo parietal bones

PARIETAL BONES

OCCIPITAL:Forms the back and base

of the cranium



OCCIPITAL BONE


TEMPORAL BONES– Forms the sides and base of the cranium– Contains the external auditory meatus & mastoid

process– Bears the Glenoid fossa (part of the TMJ)

TEMPORAL

External Auditory Meatus

Mastoid

Glenoidfossa

SPHENOID – Forms the anterior portion of the base of the skull– The superior surface protects the pituitary gland


SPHENOID

Sphenoid

ETHMOID- Forms part of the orbit and nasal Cavity

Ethmoid

BONES OF THE FACE

The Bones of the face

give the face shape!

BONES OF THE FACE

Zygomatic

Nasal

Palatine

Lacrimal

Maxillary

Conchae

Vomer

Mandible

Zygomatic

Nasal

Palatine

Lacrimal

Maxillary

Conchae

Vomer

Mandible

Zack

Nack

Passionately

Loves

Mandy

Candy

Very

Much

BONES

OF

THE

FACE

BONES OF THE FACE

ZYGOMATIC BONES– Form the prominence of the cheek and the lateral

wall and floor of the orbit

Zygomatic

BONES OF THE FACE

MAXILLARY BONESKnown as the maxillaHolds the upper teeth in the aveolar process

BONES OF THE FACE

Maxilla

BONES OF THE FACE

NASAL BONESTwo nasal bones join to form the bridge of the noseConstitute a small portion of the septum

Nasal Bones

BONES OF THE FACE

LACRIMALThey make up part of the orbit in the center of the eyeLie behind the frontal processes of the maxillary

Note: Lacrimal Gland supplies the tear ducts!

Lacrimal

BONES OF THE FACE

VOMERIs the single flat bone that forms the base of the nasal septum

Vomer

BONES OF THE FACE

CONCHAEHas three projecting structures which extends inward from the maxila into the nasal cavityMade up of the superior, middle, and inferior conchae

Inferior Conchae

BONES OF THE FACE

MANDIBLEForms the lower jawIs the only movable bone of the skullContains the alveolar process which supports the teeth of the lower arch

Mandible

Go to the sites listed on the next slide. You must be in the Slide Show mode, Click on each button and check out the web sites.

NOTE: *On the second site listed experience the living skull (click on the pictures to enlarge them)

CLICK ON PINK FOR 1ST WEB PAGECLICK ON BLUE FOR THE 2ND ONE

http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/lesson1.htmhttp://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/1skull.html

Note: You must be in slide show mode for them to work!

Median

Suture

PALATINE

SALIVARY GLANDS & DUCTS

Parotid

Submandibular

Sublingual

SALIVARY GLANDS & DUCTS

Whorton’s Duct

Stenson’sDuct

Whorton’s Duct

Regions of the tongue sensitive to various tastes!

Bitter

Sour

Salty

Vallate Papillae

Papillae of the Tongue

Fungiform Papillae of the tongue

Filiform Papillae

Valate

Filiform

Fungiform Papillae

Palatine Tonsil

Lingual Tonsil

End of Part II

PART III

Paranasal SinusesMuscles of Facial ExpressionMuscles of MasticationLandmarks of the mandibleTemporalmandibular Joint

PARANASAL SINUSES

Air containing spaces within the skullTHEY FUNCTION TO:

produce mucusMake the bones of the skull lighterProvided resonance (produce sound)

MAXILLARY SINUSES

The Largest of the paranasal sinuses

A maxillary sinus infection is one of the most common causes for patient to have a tooth ache and the tooth be ok ( this is due to the fact that the maxillary root often goes into the sinus cavity)

PARANASAL SINUSES

Maxillary

FRONTAL SINUSES

Located within the forehead above the left and right eye

PARANASAL SINUSES

Frontal

ETHMOID SINUSES

Irregularly shaped air cells separated from the orbital cavity by a very thin layer of bone

PARANASAL SINUSES

EthmoidGroup

SPHENOID SINUSES

Located close to the optic nerves, where an infection may damage vision

PARANASAL SINUSES

Sphenoid

PARANASAL SINUSES

Frontal

Maxillary

Sphenoid

Ethmoid(Anterior& Posterior)

MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION

Zygomatic

Obicularis Oris

Mentalis

Buccinator

NOTE:

Without these

muscles you

would be like a

Z-O-M-Beeeee


ZygomaticDraws the angle Of the mouth upward andbackward


ZygomaticSmile muscle


ObicularisOris


Obicularis Oris the kissing muscle!


Mentalis


MentalisPouting Muscle


BuccinatorCompresses cheeks against teeth


MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

Temporal Muscle

Masseter Muscle

Internal (Medial) Pterygoid Muscle

External (Lateral) Pterygoid Muscle


Temporal Muscle


Masseter Muscle


Internal PterygoidMuscle


External PterygoidMuscle


http://mywebpages.comcast.net/wnor/lesson4.htm



External Pterygoid- Lateral

Internal Pterygoid - Medial


LANDMARKS OF THE MANDIBLE

Forms the lower jaw and is the only movable bone of

the skull

LANDMARKS OF THE MANDIBLE

Mental Protuberance

Mental Foramen

Alveolar Process

CoronoidProcess

Sigmoid Notch

Ramus

Angle of the MandibleBorder of

the mandible

CondyloidProcess

Temporomandibular Joint

Synovial joints constructed to permit specialized hinge and gliding movements that permit varying degrees of mouth opening

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

Recieves name from the two bones that enter into its formation: – Temporal Bone– Mandible

Click this button in slide show mode to learn more about the

TMJ

Temporalmandibular Joint

Condyloid Process

Glenoid fossa

Articular eminence

TMJ - Made up of three bony parts.

Articular Eminance - raised portion of the temporal bone, anterior to the glenoid fossaGlenoid Fossa - lined with fibrous connected tissue, an oval depression in the temporal bone anterior to the external auditory meatusCondyloid Process - of the mandible lies in the glenoid fossa

Temporal Mandibular Joint

Capsular ligaments

Meniscus

TMJ

TMJ

Capsular Ligament - dense fibrous capsule that completely surrounds the TMJ Meniscus/Articular Disc - cushion of dense specialized tissue that divides the articularspace into upper and lower compartments, which are filled with synovial fluid

PART IV

Muscles of the floor of the mouthLymph SystemGeneral Neck MusclesMajor Arteries and Veins of the face and oral cavityPrimary Innervation of the oral cavity

MUSCLES OF THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH

Mylohyoid MuscleDiagastric MuscleStylohyoid MuscleGeniohyoid Muscle

Mylohyoid Muscle(MOM)


Digastric Muscle(DAD)


Stylohyoid Muscle(SIS)


GeniohyoidMuscle

(GRANDPA)


Muscles of the floor of the Mouth

Muscles of the floor of the Mouth

Lymph SystemLymph nodes for the oral cavity drain intraoralstructuress such and the teeth, eyes, ears, nasal cavity, and deeper areas of the throat.

Part of the Immune Reaction

Lymph Nodes are small, round or oval structures located In lymph vessels. They fight disease by producing antibodies.

Can indicate infection or cancer!

Lymph System

Post Auricular

Lymph System

Sternomastoid

Lymph System

Pre-auricular

Parotid

Lymph System

Facial

Lymph System

Submental

Lymph System

Submandibular

Lymph System

Anterior deep & superficial Cervical

Posterior deep & superficial Cervical

Lymph System

Supraclavicular

Lymph System

Occipital

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius


Major Veins of the Face & Oral Cavity

Major Arteries of the Face & Oral Cavity

Innervation of the Oral Cavity

Trigeminal nerve: The trigeminal nerve is the chief sensory nerve of the face and the motor nerve of the muscles involved in the process of chewing food in preparation for swallowing and digestion (mastication). As the name indicates, the trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches.

Innervation of the Oral Cavity

The trigeminal nerve is composed of three large branches. They are the:

1. Ophthalmic (V1, sensory), 2. Maxillary (V2, sensory) and 3. Mandibular (V3, motor and sensory)

branches.

Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve

The End of PART IV

Modern Dental Assisting, Torres & Ehrlich

http://www.intech.mnsu.edu/angelamonson/DH319/Short%20Papers/trigeminal_nerve_1.htm

http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/nervous_system/infratemp.html

http://www.netterimages.com/image/list.htm


http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/head/submand_ans.htmlhttp://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view?back=http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.yahoo.com%2Fsearch%3Fp%3DPictures%2Bof%2Bthe%2BTrigeminal%2Bnerve%26prssweb%

3DSearch%26ei%3DUTF-8%26fl%3D0&h=469&w=399&imgcurl=www.utdallas.edu%2F%7Etres%2Finteg%2Fsen6%2F10_03.jpg&imgurl=www.utdallas.edu%2F%7Etres%2Finteg%2Fsen6%2F10_03.jpg&size=25.3kB&name=10_03.jpg&rcurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F%7Etres%2Finteg%2Fsen6%2Fdisplay10_03.html&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utdallas.edu%2F%7Etres%2Finteg%2Fsen6%2Fdisplay10_03.html&p=trigeminal+nerve&type=jpeg&no=2&tt=256&fr=FP

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References

Documents

A PPT a Head & Neck Anatomy & Phys- Part I,II,& III (9.20- DR NAGARAJU TANNERU