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LABORELEC © 14/03/2011 LABORELEC ©
Chaire académique ORES "Smart Grids-Smart Metering"
A Power Line Communication Measuring Toolbox for the Distribution Grid Dries Lemmens
LABORELEC © 3
PLC Communication for Smart Metering
PLC Communication as an answer to:
“How can we read out a meter in an efficient
and reliable way?”
External
Eandis, Ores and Sibelga
Laborelec Team:
Wim Foubert
Rafael Jahn
Dries Lemmens
Philip Vergeylen
LABORELEC © 4
Smart Metering & Power Line Communication (PLC)
General topology:
3
Focus of Laborelec
Smart metering allows automatic
bidirectional information transfer
Gateway Metering
Operation Center
LABORELEC © 5
PLC for Smart Metering
Cable / Overhead
line
House
~
Signal source
(data concentrator)
MV/LV
The signal source is limited in power and
signal voltage
The signal source sends a signal
with a certain power and certain
voltage amplitude on the grid
LABORELEC © 6
PLC for Smart Metering
Impedance/Attenuation
Cable/Overhead
line
House
~
Signal source
(data concentrator)
MV/LV
The signal source is limited in power and
signal voltage
Some signal power is dissipated
in MV/LV transformer and
parallel feeders…
LABORELEC © 7
PLC for Smart Metering
Impedance/Attenuation
Cable/Overhead
line
House
~
Signal source
(data concentrator)
MV/LV
The signal source is limited in power and
signal voltage
The Signal Voltage is attenuated
by the series impedance of the
cable/line
LABORELEC © 8
PLC for Smart Metering
Issues:
Cable/Overhead
line
House
~
Signal source
(data concentrator)
MV/LV
The signal source is limited in power and
signal voltage
The signal is too small, the smart
meter can not read it anymore…
Problem!
LABORELEC © 9
PLC for Smart Metering
Noise Issue:
9
Cable/Overhead
line
House
~
Signal source
(data concentrator)
MV/LV
The signal source is limited in power and
signal voltage
High Frequency noise influences
the signal quality Meter
cannot read the signal
anymore…
LABORELEC © 10
Smart Metering & Power Line Communication
Project
Focus on the ‘physical layer’ in CENELEC A-band (3-95 kHz) et < 500 kHz
Investigation and assistance to DNO on performance of PLC Communication
Grid topology
Impedance and Transfer at high frequency
Noise at high frequency
Realized through
On-site measurements
Laboratory investigation
Theoretical research and simulations
Development of measurement system
LABORELEC © 11
PLC: Measurement Device
PC with NI Acquisition card
PLC Switchbox (LBE)
HF Amplifier (LBE)
HF Current Clamps
Software Package (LBE)
LABORELEC © 12
PLC Measuring Portfolio: Overview
Noise
Median/avg
treatment
Periodic
treatment
Time domain
treatment
Stationary noise
(i.e. statistically
most apparent),
no events
Periodic noise
Focus on 50 Hz
cycle –repetitive
phenomena
Linking time
domain 50 Hz
behaviour with
freq. domain
Impedance
& Transfer
Transfer Average
Impedance
Periodic
Impedance
2-point
measurement,
synchronisable
between devices
Sweep method
with 100 ms fft
window
Sweep method
with 100 us fft
window with 50
Hz synchro
Advanced
50 Hz synchro
LABORELEC © 13
PLC Measuring Portfolio: Noise (Noise Stationary)
The stationary noise is the average noise during a 5-seconds measurement
Noise
Median/avg
treatment
Stationary noise
(i.e. statistically
most apparent),
no events GSR-HF
LABORELEC © 14
PLC Measuring Portfolio: Noise (Noise Stationary)
Output: 3D Noise frequency time view
Noise
Median/avg
treatment
Stationary noise
(i.e. statistically
most apparent),
no events
dBV/Hz
LABORELEC © 15
PLC Measuring Portfolio: Noise (Noise Stationary)
Output: Noise frequency view
Noise
Median/avg
treatment
Stationary noise
(i.e. statistically
most apparent),
no events
LABORELEC © 16
PLC Measuring Portfolio: Noise (Noise Stationary)
Output: Overview of long-term campaign (6 days example)
Noise
Median/avg
treatment
Stationary noise
(i.e. statistically
most apparent),
no events
LABORELEC © 17
PLC Measuring Portfolio: Impedance (Impedance Stationary)
The stationary impedance is the average impedance during a 20 seconds measurement Impedance
& Transfer
Average
Impedance
Sweep method
with 100 ms fft
window GSR-HF
LABORELEC © 18
PLC Measuring Portfolio: Impedance (Impedance Stationary)
Output: 2D Impedance Frequency view Impedance
& Transfer
Average
Impedance
Sweep method
with 100 ms fft
window
LABORELEC © 19
PLC Measuring Portfolio: Transfer (Transfer Function)
The transfer function is measured by injecting and measuring a signal on one location and another measurement on a different location
Impedance
& Transfer
Transfer
2-point
measurement,
synchronisable
between devices GSR-HF1 GSR-HF2
LABORELEC © 20
PLC Measuring Portfolio: Transfer (Transfer Function)
Output:
Impedance
& Transfer
Transfer
2-point
measurement,
synchronisable
between devices
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
Frequency (kHz)
20*l
og10(a
bs(c
hannel re
sponse))
Transfer function: End of line --> Substation
Transfer function: Substation --> End of line
LABORELEC © 21
Laboratory-measurements in the Faraday Cage
LISN = Line Impedance Stabilizing Network
4/18/2013 © LABORELEC
LISN FILTER DUT
Coupling
Circuit
Signal
Injection
V I
Faraday Cage
Why LISN ?
- Creates a noise free
grid
- Input impedance =
5-10 Ω @ 20-120 kHz
Noise free grid
GSR-HF
LABORELEC © 22
PLC: Load Measurements
Example: Investigation of loads – Saving lights
Impedance measurements
This load ‘short-circuits’ the signal
periodically in a 50 Hz – cycle !
LABORELEC © 23
Smart Metering & Power Line Carrier – Communication (PLC)
Examples: Investigation on MV/LV transformers
Measurements done on decoupled devices
Modelization done
LABORELEC © 24
PLC: Load Measurements
Noise is also produced by new type of loads
Electric Vehicle
Noise pollution and impedance during charging
LEDs
…
LABORELEC © 25
PLC in 2012: Focus on material
Testing prototypes
New PLC modems were tested in the lab and in the field in Rode
Result: Provided feedback to Engineering for the choice of frequencies
“Sniffing” PLC
PLC Spy/Sniffer provides complementary information to draw conclusions about the quality of PLC
Result: Match communication statistics with noise, impedance measurements
LABORELEC © 26
PLC in 2012: Focus on Troubleshooting
PLC Experiments
Reproducing grid situations in the lab
Result: Ability to test smart metering material in the lab
Communication statistics for AIM (Ores)
Analyze and report on communication quality and reliability
Result: Ability to focus on specific problematic locations by analyzing collected data from the smart metering system
Unreachable meters in Aye (Ores)
Ad-hoc measurements in substations and a specific house
Result: Ongoing analysis and report on the specific situation
LABORELEC © 27
Next steps in 2013
Emerging PLC Technologies
OFDM in PRIME and G3
QPSK for Eandis
G3 PLC over MV
Building up knowledge and learn from experiences within the DNO’s
PLC Troubleshooting
Ad-hoc measurement campaigns to study specific problems
Smart Meter data analysis
Analyze the huge amount of information available from the smart metering systems. Focus on problems!
LABORELEC © 28
Smart Metering & Power Line Communication
To summarize, Laborelec :
Investigated Power Line Communications for more than 4 years, beginning from scratch, to compensate the lack of supplier’s expertise
Gained insight in the behavior of the physical signal in typical grids
Aids the DNO with the testing and evaluation of the performance of prototypes and in first smart metering pilots
LABORELEC © 29
Smart Metering & Power Line Communication
Any questions or remarks?
Email: [email protected]
© LABORELEC
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© LABORELEC
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FROM INNOVATION TO OPERATIONAL ASSISTANCE IN ENERGY
Laborelec is a leading research and services centre in energy processes and energy use, with more than fifty years of experience. We are part of the Research and Innovation Division of the GDF SUEZ Group, a world leader in the energy sector.
FIVE REASONS FOR YOU TO CHOOSE LABORELEC
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