A numerical simulation of A numerical simulation of urban urban

and regional meteorology and regional meteorology and assessment of its impact and assessment of its impact

on pollution transporton pollution transportA. Starchenko

Tomsk State University

Modeling system TSU-IAO Modeling system TSU-IAO was developedwas developed

To simulate meteorology and pollution transport during historical dates for understanding and management of urban air quality

To execute scenario analysis for assessment of possible impact of designed plants, factories, airports or motorways

Components of the MS TSU-IAOComponents of the MS TSU-IAO

Model initialization block (terrestrial data, ground-based observations, data of vertical distributions of meteorological parameters, data base of point, area and mobile sources of air pollution)

Nonhydrostatic meteorological modelPollution transport modelData visualization block

Model initialization blockModel initialization block

Terrestrial data: topography, land use categories (albedo, soil thermal conductivity, heat capacity, density, evaporation, surface roughness, emissivity, deep soil temperature)

Ground-based and vertical observations of wind velocity and direction, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure

Numerical nonhydrostatic modelNumerical nonhydrostatic model

Terrain following (zeta) coordinate system Nonhydrostatic hydrodynamic 3D equations 3D equations of heat and humidity

exchange Two-equation “k-l” turbulence model 2D equation for surface temperature Assimilation of observed data Nesting technology

Pollution transport modelPollution transport model

Eulerian 3D equations for basic anthropogenic pollutants of near surface layer (dust, CO, SO2, NO2)

Dry deposition (resistance model) Photochemical reactions of Hurley’s

GRS-mechanism of troposphere ozone and PM10 generation

Data base of distributed point, area, mobile (linear) sources

Computational approachesComputational approaches

Finite-volume method, 2nd-order approximations for temporal and spatial derivatives, implicit or explicit-implicit schemes

Grids: 50x50x30 for meteorology, 100x100x28 for pollution transport

High-performance computations on multiprocessor systems with distributed memory

Land use categories Land use categories (200x200km(200x200km22))

WaterWater Few vegetation Farmland Deciduous forest Mixed forest Evergreen forest Urban area

Tomsk

Kemerovo

r. Tom

r. Ob

Surface elevation (200x200kmSurface elevation (200x200km22) ) and roughnessand roughness

Water: 0,0001m Few vegetation: 0,15m Farmland: 0,15m Deciduous forest: 0,5m Mixed forest: 0,7m Evergreen forest: 1,0m Urban area: 1,0m

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6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

1 4 0

1 6 0

1 8 0

2 0 0

2 2 0

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3 0 0

3 2 0

3 4 0

Tom sk city

Comparison of predictions with Comparison of predictions with observationsobservations

Mesoscale model MEMOMesoscale model MEMOhttp://www.auth.grhttp://www.auth.gr

The original version of the nonhydrostatic model MEMO was developed at the Universitat Karlsruhe. In the last years MEMO has been installed and utilized at several research institutions through Europe.

-z vertical coordinate Nesting technology Horizontal resolution from 1km

U r g a

T o m s k

K e m e r o v o

A n z h e r o - S u d z h e n s k

r. O

b

r. T

om

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T o m s k

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A n z h e r o - S u d z h e n s k

r. O

b

r. T

om

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A n z h e r o - S u d z h e n s k

r. O

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r. T

om

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K e m e r o v o

A n z h e r o - S u d z h e n s k

r. O

b

r. T

om

U r g a

T o m s k

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A n z h e r o - S u d z h e n s k

r. O

b

r. T

om

U r g a

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K e m e r o v o

A n z h e r o - S u d z h e n s k

r. O

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June 29 2000 04:00

Reference Vectors

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June 29 2000 08:00

Reference Vectors

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June 29 2000 12:00

Reference Vectors

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June 29 2000 16:00

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June 29 2000 20:00

Reference Vectors

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June 30 2000 00:00

Reference Vectors

1 m /s 5 m /s 10 m /s

U r g a

T o m s k

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A n z h e r o - S u d z h e n s k

r. O

b

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om

U r g a

T o m s k

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A n z h e r o - S u d z h e n s k

r. O

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r. T

om

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June 30 2000 00:00

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June 30 2000 04:00

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June 30 2000 08:00

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June 30 2000 12:00

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June 30 2000 16:00

Reference Vectors

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June 30 2000 20:00

Reference Vectors

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hour s

0

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4

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8

Win

d v

elo

city

, m/s

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hour s

0

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Win

d d

irec

tio

n, d

egre

es

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hour s

8

12

16

20

24

Nea

r su

rfac

e te

mp

erat

ure,

С

29-30 June 2000

TO R data m eteo data

Р

Regional (200x200kmRegional (200x200km22) and ) and urban (50x50kmurban (50x50km22) scales) scales

Т о м с кТ о м с к

Ю р г аЮ р г а

К е м е р о в оК е м е р о в о

А н ж е р о - С у д ж е н с кА н ж е р о - С у д ж е н с к

Tomsk Region Tomsk City

Tom skO b river

Tom river

Kem erovo

Horizontal wind field at Horizontal wind field at 10:00 10:00

15 August 200015 August 2000

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R eference Vectors

0 5

Horizontal wind field at Horizontal wind field at 10:00 29 June 200010:00 29 June 2000

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R eference Vectors

0 5

Vertical wind field at 10:00Vertical wind field at 10:0026 June 2000 15 August 2000

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Prediction of pollutant Prediction of pollutant concentrationsconcentrations

post5 - 10-11 January 2000

1E-3

1E-2

1E-1

1E+0

1E+1

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Time, h

Po

lluti

on

, mg

/m3

Dust

CO

SO2

NO2

post5 - 05-06 October 2000

1E-3

1E-2

1E-1

1E+0

1E+1

-24 -20 -16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24

Time, h

Po

lluti

on

, mg

/m3

Dust

CO

SO2

NO2

Prediction of ozone Prediction of ozone concentrations concentrations

(29-30 July 2000)(29-30 July 2000)

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tim e ,h

0

10

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O3,

ppb

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tim e ,h

0

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win

d sp

eed,

m/s

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tim e ,h

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win

d di

rect

ion,

gra

d

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tim e ,h

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NO

, ppb

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tim e ,h

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NO

2,ppb

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tim e ,h

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TS

R

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tim e, hrs

0

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Inde

x

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tim e, hrs

0

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Inde

x

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tim e, hrs

0

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0.4

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1

Inde

x

Index of pollution Index of pollution (CO+NO(CO+NO22+SO+SO22))

ConclusionsConclusions

The developed modeling system was applied to investigate a wind field and pollution dispersion nearby Tomsk industrial center

The predictions showed a close connection between a local meteorology and air quality in the city and suburban area.Undesirable meteorological situation is calm wind in conjunction with temperature inversion