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A New STI Agenda for Sustainability and Social Development in Brazil
Challenges for National and Regional Monitoring
Regina Gusmão
Round Table Meeting for the Preparation of STIGAP
UNESCO ‐
Paris, 04‐05 July 2011
Ministério daCiência e Tecnologia
Sources: National Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2009/1
‐
OECD; Brazil: MCT;Chile and India: World Development Indicators, 2008 ‐
The World Bank
Gross Domestic Expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP
3.463.44
3.212.77
2.532.02
1.841.35
1.18
1.441.03
0.950.61
1.250.68
0.510.37
0,0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5 3,0 3,5 4,0
Finland (2008)Japan (2007)
South Korea (2007)United States (2008)
Germany (2007)France (2008)
Canada (2008)Spain (2008)
Italy (2008)
China (2007)Russia (2008)
South Africa (2006)India (2005)
Brazil (2010)Chile (2004)
Argentina (2007)Mexico (2007)
Distribution of R&D Expenditure in LAC Countries
‐
1999 and 2008
(in US$ Purchasing Power Parity –
PPP)
1999 2008
Source: RICYT. El Estado de la Ciencia, 2010
Sources: Capes/MEC and IBGE for Brazil; Science and Engineering Indicators – 2010 (data for 2006);U.S. Census Bureau, International Database
Doctoral degrees awarded
(2006 or most recent year)
Growth of Scientific Publications
1985‐2009 (Web of Science)
10.5% annual increase over 28 years3 x world average
2.7 % of world production in 2009
54.4 % of LA production in 2009
‐‐‐
Brazilian Articles % in World % in Latin America
Thomson/ISI
Number of Brazilian journals indexed
on WoS increases to >300
Main achievements over the last decade
STI: a matter of State
Increased federal funds for STI : US$ 24,3 billion (PPP) in 2009 – US$12,5 billion in 2000
Focus on some strategic directions
New instruments and mechanisms for R&D funding in firms
New regulation for innovation
Important changes in the legal framework
Greater dialogue with states, municipalities, scientific and enterprises associations,society in general
Strengthening HR Capacity Building (1.7 million CVs on Platform Lattes in 2010)
“Brazil is experiencing a cycle of robust investment,time is right to incorporate more innovation into this wave of investments”
Innovation constitutes a permanent and priority agenda for the business sector and the State
Renewal of the development strategy
2002 12.53
2003 9.60
2004 7.60
2005 5.69
2006 3.14
2007 4.46
2008 5.90
2009 4.31
2010 5.91
Reduction of Public Debt(Net Debt/GDP)
2002= 51.3% of GDP
2010= 40.3% of GDP
High Foreign Trade Surpluses (US$ Billion)
2003/2010= +
260.5
Reduction of External Debt(Gross External Debt/GDP)
2002= 41.8% of GDP
2010= 12.3% of GDP
Increase in Currency Reserves (US$ Billion)
2002= 16.3
2010= 315
Basis for the new development cycle
Creation of Formal
Employment Positions
2003/2010= + 11,271,127
Change in Household
Income (2003/2009)
20% Poorer: + 51.2%20% Richer: + 14.7%
Household Consumption
Growth
2003/10 + 41.5%Annual Average + 4.4%
Reduction of the share of
people in extreme poverty
2002/2009=
‐37.7%
28 million have been lifted out of poverty and36 million entered the middle class
Science, Technology and Innovationfor Sustainable Development
Action Plan 2011Action Plan 2011––20142014
Ministério daCiência e Tecnologia
Strategic
Framework
Science, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Development – Action Plan 2011-2014
STI AS BASIS FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Reduction oftechnologicalgap through
R&I
Fosteringof greeneconomy
Decreasingpoverty andsocial gaps
Improving Brazilian presence internatl. arena
1. Reduction of technological gap through research and innovation1. Reduction of technological gap through research and innovation
• Supporting
technological
intensification
of
production
chains
weakened
by
international competition
• Promoting R&D associated with a reduction of trade déficit in critical sectors
• Enhancing tax incentives
• Setting priority areas and business sectors in innovation funding
Strategic Framework – HIGHLIGHTS
12 Strategic programmes
+ICTsPharmaceuticals & HealthBiotechnologyChemical IndustryNanotechnologyOil, Gas & Coal, EnergyAerospace, National DefenseCapital GoodsStrategic Minerals, Agribusiness
06 Special programmes:
Weather and Climate Change
Biodiversity and Natural Resources
Productive Inclusion & Social Technologies
Housing and Sanitation
Popularisation of STI & Science Education
World Cup 2014 / Olympic Games 2016World Cup 2014 / Olympic Games 2016
2. Fostering green economy2. Fostering green economy
Supporting technologies aimed at:
• reducing
risks
and
adaptation
to
climate
change.
Warning
System
for
Natural Disasters Prevention
• monitoring and recovery of degraded areas
• developing low carbon processes
• water resources preservation (focusing on semi‐arid region)
• conservation
and
sustainable
use
of
biodiversity
(special
attention
to
the
Amazon)
• preservating the share of renewable energies in the Brazilian energy matrix
• innovation for sustainable agricultural production
Strategic Framework – HIGHLIGHTS
• Stimulating internationalization of Brazilian firms
• Increasing technological content of exports
• Strengthening Brazilian science in international networks
• Attracting MNC R&D centers
• Attracting Brazilian students and researchers living abroad
• Promoting S&T partnerships associated with regional integration (focus on
Mercosur countries, the Amazon and the Portuguese‐speaking countries)
• Preparing RIO+20 ‐
UN Conference for Sustainable Development(Forum of Latin American Ministers of S&T)
3. Improving Brazilian presence in international arena 3. Improving Brazilian presence in international arena
Strategic Framework – HIGHLIGHTS
Enhancing STI contribution to:
• the eradication of poverty (food security, solidarity economics, support for
entrepreneurship, etc.)
• social and productive inclusion (digital inclusion , vocational education…)
• popularisation of science
• developing assistive technologies, especially for low‐income population
• new programmes for science education and professional training
• sustainable urban development and improved quality of life in cities
• fostering the creative economy and local development initiatives
4. Reduction of poverty and social gaps4. Reduction of poverty and social gaps
Strategic Framework – HIGHLIGHTS
In this new scenario, much greater and integrated efforts are needed to select, assemble, combine and process
information at national and regional levels
→
CYTED Program and Ibero‐American Observatory of Science,
Technology and Innovation (OAS)
→
28 countries (American countries + Spain and Portugal)
→
48 comparative indicators for all members (1990‐2008)
→
Innovation indicators for 15 countries
→
Bibliometric indicators for 28 countries
→
5 Manuals:
‐
Bogota Manual –
Innovation
‐
Lisboa Manual –
Information Society
‐
Santiago Manual – R&D Internationalization
‐
Antígua Manual –
Public Unsderstanding of S&T
‐
Buenos Aires Manual ‐
S&T Trajectories of LAC researchers
Two main regional initiatives
More than 3 Innovation Surveys
Brazil
Oslo Manual (CIS)
Chile
Oslo Manual (CIS)
Argentina
Bogota Manual
Colombia
Bogota Manual
Uruguay
Bogota Manual
At least one Innovation Survey
Venezuela
Oslo Manual (CIS)
Paraguay
Bogota Manual
Peru
Bogota Manual
Ecuador
Bogota Manual
1. RICYT RICYT ‐‐
IberoIbero‐‐American and InterAmerican and Inter‐‐American Network for S&T IndicatorsAmerican Network for S&T Indicators
2. UNASUR UNASUR ‐‐
Union of Union of
South American Nations South American Nations
Area
km²
Populationmillions
GDP
US$ trillions
2010
GDP per capita
US$Members
UNASUR 17
715
335 393 2.8 (2009) 7,700 12
NAFTA 21
588
638 457 17.6 (2010) 38,527 3
European
Union
3
977
487 501 15.2 (2010) 30,388 27
ASEAN 4.400.000 601 3 (billions 2010) 5,131 10
Andean Community of Nations (CAN):BoliviaColombiaEcuadorPeru
MERCOSUR:ArgentinaBrazilParaguayUruguayVenezuela
Other members: Chile, Guyana, Suriname
Observers: Mexico, Panama
Members: 12
Official Languages: 4
Currencies: 12
HDI: 0.874 ‐
0.723
UNASUR Manual Proposal, by theSouth
American
Council
on
Education,
Culture,
Science,
TechnologSouth
American
Council
on
Education,
Culture,
Science,
Technology
and
Innovation y
and
Innovation
((CONSECCTI)CONSECCTI)
Conceptual
framework:
interactions
between
technological
innovations
and
social
innovation processes
→
Shift in the focus of analysis: from companies to the community
→
Attention to the social aspect of innovation
→
Emphasis on the interactions among social institutions and business actors
“Social Innovation”: actions that bring innovative solutions to problems and needs of
the
community,
so
as
to
ensure
better
public
policy
outcomes
and
optimize
the
allocated
resources
(“Social
Entrepreneur”,
“Microcredit”,
“Inclusive
Businesses”,
“Trade Fair”, “Social Markets”, “Time Banks”...)
Objectives of the Manual:
to characterize the processes of social innovation + new forms of governance in society
to review the flow of knowledge between innovators and society
to establish methodologies for production of social innovation index and indicators
diffusion + integration of sub‐regional networks within the UNASUR
Incompleteness and weaknesses of available S&T data
The emergence of a new paradigm of STI in Brazil, as in other LA
countries, has
not
been
followed
by
the
strengthening
and
improvement
of
available
information and data infrastructure
existing data sources vary considerably in coverage and comprehensiveness
many
official
databases
are
poorly
systematised
and
standardised,
impairing
comparability
difficulty
in
obtaining
up‐to‐date
and
reliable
data
for
all
countries,
regions
or
municipalities
lack of articulation among producers of primary data (difficulty in adopting common
standards)
very
weak
interaction
between
data
producers
and
end‐users
of
the
data
they
provide (hindering the transmission of new demands)
New challenges, new fronts:
→ Broadening the community of practice
→ Promoting multidisciplinarity to address global problems
→ Redefining
and
extending
innovation
concepts
(social
innovation;
policy
innovation; organizational innovation; public services innovation; user innovation...)
→ Defining
and
measuring
social
impacts
(wellbeing,
social
inclusion,
cultural
change, global influence, etc.)
The greatest challenge lies in systemisation and appropriate treatment
of existing information rather than creating new and more complex systems
